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Table of Content

    10 September 2010, Volume 31 Issue 9
    Contents
    Cover and Content of Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities Vol.31 No.9(2010)
    2010, 31(9):  0. 
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    Articles
    Synthesis and Characterization of SAPO-34-H(Hierarchical)
    CHEN Lu, WANG Run-Wei*, DING Shuang, LIU Bing-Bing, XIA Hong, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1693-1696. 
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    Silicoaluminophosphate zeolite SAPO-34 exhibits excellent performance in adsorption and catalysis due to its unique structure and small diameter. Mesoporous SAPO-34(named as SAPO-34-H) was prepared using a long\|chained organosilane as the only source of silicon and the mesoscale template. SAPO-34-H was  characterized by various techniques. N2 adsorption and TEM images results show that mesopores with a diameter of ca. 5.1 nm exist in the microporous crystals. NH3-TPD results show that the introduction of mesopores results in the decrease of acidity.
    Inhibition Effects of Vanadium Substituted Heteropoly Acid(W, P) on Methyl Methacrylate
    YIN Yan-Bing*, YANG Yu-Lin, ZHU Yang-Qing, FAN Rui-Qing, XU Qian
    2010, 31(9):  1697-1700. 
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    The inhibition effects of vanadium substituted  Dawson- and Keggin-type heteropoly acids(W,  P) on the polymerization  of  methyl methacrylate(MMA) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).  The results show that in terms of the same heteropoly acid, the rate of polymerization of MMA decreases continuously and the inhibition effect of heteropoly acid is better with increasing the amount of heteropoly acid; in terms of the different heteropoly acid, the rate of polymerization of MMA decreases continuously with the increasing of Vanadium atom number, that is to say, the more containing Vanadium atom, the better inhibition effect of heteropoly acid. On the whole,  the inhibition effects of  Dawson-type heteropoly acid are better than  Keggin-type heteropoly acid.
    Preparation and Characterization of Composite Microspheres with Magnetic and Temperature Dual Stimuli-responsive Properties
    AI Fan-Rong, YAO Ai-Hua*, HUANG Wen-Hai, WANG De-Ping
    2010, 31(9):  1701-1705. 
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    Oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by partial reduction coprecipitation method. Magnetic and temperature dual responsive composite microspheres, consisting of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanopaticles and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide) microgel, were prepared by emulsion-free copolymerization. TEM, FTIR and XRD measurements were performed to characterize the structure and morphology of the composite microspheres, vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM) and the dynamic light scattering(DLS) were carried out to characterize the magnetic properties and thermoresponsive properties of the microspheres, respectively. The results show that the resulting composite microspheres possessed a core-shell structure, and the average particle size was 100 nm. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the composite microspheres exhibited magnetic and temperature dual stimuli-responsive properties. The lower critical solution temperature(LCST) of the composite microspheres is about 40 ℃ in water.
    Selective Interaction Based on Complex [Ru(phen)2(H2biim)](PF6)2 and Anions
    CUI Ying*, YE Bao-Hui, NIU Yan-Li, ZHONG Yong-Rui
    2010, 31(9):  1706-1711. 
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    A new anion sensor[Ru(phen)2(H2biim)](PF6)2(1) has been developed, where the Ru/(Ⅱ)-phen moiety acts as a chromophore and H2biim ligand as an anion receptor via the formation of hydrogen bonds or deprotonation. A systematic investigation shows that complex 1 is an eligible sensor for various anions. It donates hydrogen bonds to the Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, HSO4- and H2PO4- anions, and further actualize mono proton transfer to OAc- anion via the formation of a robust, cyclic hydrogen bonding system and turns the color from yellow to orange brown. In the case of F-, stepwise deprotonation of the two N—H fragments occurs due to the formation of a highly stable HF2- anion, resulting in color change from yellow to purple, which can be distinguished by naked-eye.
    Cellular Uptake of SiO2 Particles Under Dynamic Conditions in a Microfluidic Chip
    XU Chun-Xiu, YIN Xue-Feng,*
    2010, 31(9):  1712-1716. 
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    An in vitro method based on microfludic chip was reported to investigate the cellular uptake of FITC-doped SiO2 nano-particles to simulate the in vivo blood flowing condition. Cell suspension was delivered from the inlet of the microchannel and immobilized onto the bottom of the channel in static conditions. The microfluidic chip containing adherent cell was placed inside an incubator(37 ℃ and 5% CO2 ). Culture medium is continuously transported through the microchannel by adjusting the liquid levels of the reservoirs for one day. After culturing the cells inside microfluidic channel, FITC-doped SiO2 particles with a diameter of 500 nm as fluorescent markers were added to the culture medium, and perfused through the microchannel via the adhered cells at different flow rates for 6 h. The effect of flow rate on the uptake efficiency of FITC-doped SiO2 particles was determined by fluorescence microscope. Compared to the result(100%) in conventional cell culture flask, the uptake efficiency was significantly decreased from 74.7% to 7.1%, when the flow rate increased from 0.022 mm/s to 0.74 mm/s.
    FTIR Spectroscopic Study on Brain Tumors
    PAN Qing-Hua, WAN Wei-Qing, JIA Gui-Jun, XU Yi-Zhuang*, LAI Guo-Qiao, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1717-1720. 
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    In the present investigation, 28 patients with brain tumor were recruited for FTIR spectroscopic measurement. These obtained FTIR spectra were analyzed and compared. It was found that there were significant differences in the spectral features of neurinoma and tumours of neuroepithelial tissue(e.g. astrocytoma) such as the changes in peak position, band shape and relative intensity of the bands including the main indexes I1460 cm-1/I1400 cm-1, I1160 cm-1/I1120 cm-1 and I1160 cm-1/I1080 cm-1 in the ranges of 1000—1800 cm-1. The similar differences in the spectral features of the residue of the brain tumor was found. The results show that the relative intensity of the bands(such as I1460 cm-1/I1400 cm-1, I1160 cm-1/I1120 cm-1 and I1160 cm-1/I1080 cm-1) can be used to distinguish neurinoma from tumours of neuroepithelial tissue(such as astrocytoma) which are in agreement with the pathological results larger than 85%.
    Homogeneous Ionic Liquid Microextraction of Fleroxacin and Sulfaquinoxaline from Water Samples
    WANG Ying, XIAO Yao, REN Rui-Bing, BAO Chang-Li, ZHANG Han-Qi, YU Ai-Min, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1721-1724. 
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    The homogeneous liquid microextraction was developed for extracting fleroxacin and sulfaquinoxaline from water samples. A room temperature ionic liquid [C6MIm][BF4], which is dissolvable in water, and NH4PF6, can be sequentially added into the water samples. The resulting [C6MIm] [PF6], which is not dissolvable in water, can be dispersed in the sample solution as very fine drops. After extraction, phase separation was performed by centrifugation. The sedimented phase was taken with a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) microsyringe and injected into the HPLC system for analysis. The detection limits for fleroxacin and sulfaquinoxaline were found to be 1.8 and 1.1 μg/L, respectively.
    Rhodamine-Based Fluorescence Probe for Pd2+ Detection
    LI Hong-Lin, FAN Jiang-Li*, LIU Xiao-Jian, SUN Shi-Guo, PENG Xiao-Jun
    2010, 31(9):  1725-1728. 
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    A new rhodamine-based derivative modified with allyl group, RPd4, was synthesized as fluorescence-enhanced probe with excellent selectivity for Pd2+ and good anti-jamming ability over other cations. The fluorescence intensitiy was linearly proportional to the amount of Pd2+ added in μmol/L level with a detection limit of 0.51 μmol/L. With the pKa of 3.81±0.02, it can be used for Pd2+ detection in neutral pH range. The colorimetric and fluorimetric response between RPd4 and Pd2+ can provide a convenient method for visual detection of Pd2+.
    Carbon Nanotube-β-cyclodextrin Composites as Novel Matrix for Amino Acids and Small Molecular Polymer Analysis by MALDI-FT MS
    WEI Yuan-Long, ZHOU Wei, LIU Fan, REN Zhi-Yu, ZHANG Ling-Yi, DU Yi-Pi, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1729-1733. 
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    Hydrophilic carbon nanotube-β-cyclodextrin(CNT-β-CD) composites were prepared as matrix by matrix assisted lasen desorption ionization-FT mass spectrum(MALDI-FT MS) for the analysis of amino acids and small molecular polymer. The composites were characterized by SEM, and the results showed that the products presented randomly oriented quasi-nanobeltlike structures. Moreover, compared with the traditional oxidized carbon nanotubes, the CNT-β-CD presented a lower background in matrix assisted lasen desorption ionization-mass spectrum(MALDI-MS). The composites were also evaluated by amino acids and polyethylene glycol(PEG), aiming at demonstrating the ability of desorption and ionization for samples. Intense signals corresponding to alkali cation adduct of amino acids and PEG were acquired, and they were independent of the background interference signals. Accordingly, CNT-β-CD is suitable for analysis of small molecules in MALDI-MS.
    Microwave-assisted Heating Preparation of Core-shell Ion-imprinted Polymer and Extraction of Cr(Ⅲ) from Urine
    ZHANG Zhao-Hui, ZHANG Ming-Lei, XU Tian-Zhen, LUO Li-Juan, YANG Xiao, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1734-1740. 
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    An ion-imprinted polymer(IIP) was prepared via surface imprinting technique under the microwave-assisted heating using Cr(Ⅲ) ion as template, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane as function monomer and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) as cross-linking agent. Compared with conventional method, the term of the polymerization was dramatically shortened five times by using microwave-assisted heating. The IIP was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and the result shows that the size of IIP is uniform and the thickness of the imprinted shell is about 40 nm. The adsorption capacity of IIP was investigated in detail. As packing material of SPE, the imprinted material was used to extract Cr(Ⅲ) from urine successfully.
    Ionic Solvation of NaNO3 and NaClO4 in N,N-Dimethylformamide Solvent
    WU Xiao-Jing*, PAN Yan, SONG Lu-Lu
    2010, 31(9):  1741-1746. 
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    Interaction of ion-solvent and ion-ion in N,N-dimethylformamide solution of NaClO4 and NaNO3 were investigated using IR spectroscopy. The characteristic absorption band intensities of C—N band and CO band were contrasted on amide group by the increasing of sodium ion concentration. The ν2 band of NaNO3 and the ν1 band of NaClO4 indicated the law of ion association. To compared with N—C—N vibration peak(865 cm-1), based on the deconvolution and quantitative calculation on obtained spectra, solvation numbers 1—4 of Na+ is calculated. Moreover the optimization and thermodynamic properties calculated by quantum chemistry obtained optimized structures consistenting with experiment. It had been found that the band of amide group obviously changed. Ion solvation possibly led to a new conjugated bond in the interior of amide group. We discussed the ion association of solution to explain the change of the structure by dimethylformamide.
    Studies on the Protonation Structure of Ofloxacin in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Solutions
    LI Hui-Zhen, LIU Shao-Xuan, HUA Xiao-Hui, PAN Qing-Hua, YANG Zhan-Lan, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1747-1752. 
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    Systematic NMR spectroscopic investigation on ofloxacin(OFL) in concentrated sulfuric acid solution was carried out via 19F NMR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR experiments. Complete assignment on 19F NMR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR of ofloxacin in sulfuric acid solutions were obtained. The chemical shift of H, F, C, and the JFC of OFL molecule in sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations were found to be very helpful for the identification the protonation structure of OFL molecule. According to the variation of the chemical shift of H, F, C, and the JFC of OFL molecule in sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations, we propose that the N1′ is further protonated in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. Additionally, a new hydrogen bond(N1′—H+┈F9) forms and the structure can be stabilized by a five-member ring and the conjugate system is distorted by the five-member ring. As a result, the emission peak, excitation peak in fluorescent spectra and absorption peak in UV spectra of OFL exhibit blue-shifted significantly. In addition, the proposed protonation structure was further supported by spectroscopic behavior of oxygen-fluorine acid and methyl-ofloxacin.
    Design, Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of 9-Substituted-2-amino-6-guanidinopurines as Acrosin Inhibitors
    ZHANG Xiao-Meng, ZHU Ju, LIU Xue-Fei, SHENG Chun-Quan, ZHENG Can-Hui, FU Xiao-Da
    2010, 31(9):  1753-1761. 
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    Acrosin, a trypsin-like endoprotease, present in the acrosome of spermatozoa, is a promising target for contraceptive agents. Based on the previous homology modeling and the analysis of the properties of the activity site of human acrosin, a series of 9-substituted-2-amino-6-guanidinopurines were designed and synthesized on a scaffold represented by KF950. The structrues of all the title compounds were comfirmed by 1H NMR, MS, IR and elemental analysis. Intermediate 5m was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The inhibitory activities against acrosin of all target compounds were tested in vitro and all of them exhibited much more inhibitory activities against acrosin, respectively, with positive control, TLCK. Compound 6z exhibited similar inhibitory activities against KF950. The activity results indicate the following structure-activity relationship(SAR): (1) the introduction of disubstituded groups at aryl moiety caused better inhibitory activities than those of monosubstituded groups; (2) lower inhibitory activities were also observed for the compounds bearing electron-donating groups(6q—6w)comparing with the compounds bearing withdrawing electron groups(6b—6p); (3) long chain substituents at 9-position(6x—6z) can enhance the inhibitory activity signficantly.
    Synthesis and Anti-tumor Activity of Opened A-Ring Modified 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives
    HU Jun, WU Yang, ZHAO Chang-Qi, JU Yong*
    2010, 31(9):  1762-1768. 
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    Glycyrrhetinic acid, a facile pentacyclic triterpenoid with rigid and chiral structures, is widely present in the form of aglycone or glycosides in medicinal plants, which is used as bioactive component on anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-tumor-promotion effect. Owing to its relative low-toxicity, biocompatibility and bioactivity, a series of novel opened A-ring and different functional group derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid was synthesized by chemical methods. The preliminary biological activities were tested against human liver carcinoma(HepG-2) cell in vitro. The results show that the activity should be affected by the number and the position of hydroxyls.
    One-pot Biginelli Synthesis of Benzimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6-ones in Ionic Liquid Phase Under Ultrasound Irradiation
    ZHAO Xin-Hai, LIU Chen-Jiang*, LI Yan-Ping
    2010, 31(9):  1769-1773. 
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    A novel series of benzimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6-ones derivatives was synthesized by a three-component Biginelli condensation reaction of aldehydes, 2-aminobenzimidazole and 1,3-cyclohexanedione, employing ionic liquid[bmim]Br as a solvent under ultrasound irradiation. The classical Bignelli reaction has been extended by the use of 2-aminobenzimidazole and this method has the advantages of milder reaction conditions, short reaction time(0.5 h), good yields(65%—86%) and environmental benignity. The structures of the products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis.
    Preparation and Properties of Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates of Papain
    WANG Meng-Fan, QI Wei*, SU Rong-Xin, HE Zhi-Min
    2010, 31(9):  1774-1779. 
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    Cross-linked enzyme aggregates(CLEAs) is a non-carrier immobilization technique with the advantages of simple preparation, low cost and high unit activity. In this paper, papain-CLEAs were prepared and the effects of precipitation and cross-linking on CLEAs activity were investigated. It is shown that the highest activity of papain-CLEAs were obtained when using pure ethanol as precipitant, 40% glutaraldehyde as cross-linker and cross-linking at 4 ℃ for 16 h. Moreover, the optimal catalytic conditions and operational stabilities of papain-CLEAs were characterized. Papain-CLEAs shifted the optimal pH from 7.0 to 6.0 and broaden the optimal temperature to the range of 50—80 ℃. Papain-CLEAs also enhanced thermal and storage stabilities compared with free enzyme. It is indicated from the morphology that these improved performances resulted from the high surface area and multi-points covalent cross-linking structure of every single papain-CLEAs. These improved characters show practical advantages of papain-CLEAs in biocatalysis.
    Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-(1R,2S)-Myrislignan
    XIA Ya-Mu* , CHANG Liang
    2010, 31(9):  1780-1785. 
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    Natural product erythro-(-)-(1R,2S)-Myrislignan, which was firstly found in the seeds of nutmeg of the aril(mace) of Myristica fragrans Houtt(Myristicaceae) used as traditional Chinese medicine in China and Japan and it has attracted increasing interest because of its biological activities, was synthesized for the first time in high yields from vanillin. The synthesis was based on a unified synthetic strategy and involved Wittig reaction, LiAlH4 reduction and Sharplass asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction to prepare a threo-intermediate of predictable stereochemistry. Then pyrogallic acid was employed as material to prepare the other phenylpropanoid unit by Claisen rearrangement reaction. The stereoselective coupling between the threo-intermediate and phenylpropanoid unit inverted the absolute configuration from threo- to erythro-isomer using the Mitsunobu reaction to give the target product. The route illustrates a new methodology for the synthesis of erythro-8-O-4′ neolignans.
    Synthesis and Properties of Bis-1,3-indanedione Organic Magnetic Compounds
    LI Ping*, MENG Ji-Ben
    2010, 31(9):  1786-1790. 
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    2,2′-Bis-indan-1,1′,3,3′-tetrone(1), 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bis-indan-1,1′,3,3′-tetrone(2) and 4,4′,5,5′,6,6′,7,7′-octachloro-2,2′-bis-indan-1,1′,3,3′-tetrone(3) were prepared using phthalic anhydride, 4-methylphthalic anhydride and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride as raw materials by the Gabriel & Leupold method. The characteristic of compound 1—3 were confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, FTIR and MS. The ESR parameters were given by ESR analysis. As a new discovery, compound 1—3 showed excellent ESR spectra. These compounds, which are pure organic magnetic molecules containing only C, H, O and Cl, can all form stable free radicals. Through quantum-chemistry calculation, while the position that the free radicals occupy and the most possible existing form of these compounds were brought forward. That was as en-ol form and had one hydrogen bond in the molecule.
    Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of Azasugar Derivatives Based on Microwave Assisted 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition
    LI Xiao-Liu*, ZHANG Hong-Bo, ZHU Zheng-Gang, CHEN Hua, DUAN Ke-Fang, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1791-1797. 
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    In order to develop an efficient, practical and stereoselective method to access functionalized azasugar derivatives the microwave assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azasugar nitrone and acrylates was investigated which afforded a series of novel azasugar derivatives containing an isoxazolindine moiety. The reaction was performed in a sealed microwave reactor at 110 ℃ in the solution of toluene and proceeded efficiently in yields up to 78%—88% within 5—15 min. The structures and configurations of the products were tentatively determined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR and HRMS spectral analyses with comparison to the reported X-ray single crystallographic structure of the product 4d-1.
    Synthesis and Bioactivity of 2-Aceto-cyanoacetic Acid Derivatives
    LI Yang, ZHANG Zhi-Guo, CHI Hui-Wei, LUO Yan-Mei, LIU Chang-Ling, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1798-1804. 
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    For finding excellent acaricide, a series of novel 2-acyl-cyanoacetic acid derivatives was designed and synthesized based on cyflumetofen. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis. Preliminary biological evaluation showed that several compounds had acaricidal activity, with compounds 4e and 4k having 100% control against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 600 mg/L. Some compounds exhibited fungicidal activity and herbicidal activity, compounds 4k and 4s could completely control against Blumeria graminis at 400 mg/L, compound 4m had good control of Abutilon theophrasti at 1000 mg/L. The relationship between the structures and the biological activity was also discussed.
    Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines
    ZHAO Hai-Ying, CHEN Chen, ZHU Yi-Zhou, HE Lin, ZHENG Jian-Yu*
    2010, 31(9):  1805-1810. 
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    Covalent and noncovalent SWNT-porphyrin/phthalocyanine electron donor-acceptor conjugates have recently been constructed mainly to develop artificial photosynthetic systems and molecular optoelectronic devices, but the power conversion efficiency of the devices is general low because of the poor solubility as well as the narrow range of light absorption of SWNT conjugates. In this article, novel covalently functionalized SWNTs simultaneity with two kinds of chromophores(porphyrin and phthalocyanine) were synthesized by the amidation reaction of the oxidized SWNTs with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tri(3,5-dioctyloxyphenyl) porphyrin and 2,9,16-tri-tert-butyl-23-aminophthalocyaninatozinc(Ⅱ). The resulting electron donor-acceptor conjugate was characterized by IR, Raman, and XPS spectra. The morphology of the conjugate was studied by TEM. The UV-Vis absorption of the conjugate exhibited red-shifts in both Soret and Q bands with noticeable broadening relative to those of control compounds and the fluorescence from the porphyrin and phthalocyanine moieties was almost completely quenched by SWNTs, indicating the strong electronic interaction between donors(porphyrin and phthalocyanine moieties) and the extended π-system of SWNTs acceptors. This novel donor-acceptor conjugate exhibited wider spectral region and more excellent solubility(309 mg/L) compared with those of either porphyrin or phthalocyanine functionalized SWNTs, which was a potential solar energy conversion material.
    Theoretical Study on Static First Hyperpolarizabilities of Hypervalent Compounds FnLin+1(n=1—3)
    LI Ying, WU Di*
    2010, 31(9):  1811-1814. 
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    Using the UMP2/6-311+G(3df) method, eight optimized structures of FnLin+1(n=1—3) with all real frequencies were obtained. The nonlinear optical(NLO) properties of the species were investigated. The results show that the hypervalent compounds have large first hyperpolarizabilities with β0=2299.2—12322.3 a.u.. It is found that the diffusive electron clouds of hypervalent compounds play very important roles in low excited energies, which results in large first hyperpolarizabilities of FnLin+1. The present investigation indicates that the noncentro-symmetric hypervalent compound is a new kind of potential NLO molecules.
    Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Structure of 16S rRNA Fragment Affected by A1408G Mutation
    DONG Hao, LIU Yuan-Ning*
    2010, 31(9):  1815-1819. 
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    Using molecular dynamics simulation, the flexibility of 16S rRNA complexed with paromomycin was studied. The results indicate that the position 1408 of 16S rRNA in ribosome is very important. The substitution of adenine for guanine will change the position of two adenines(A1492 and A1493) which are involved in tRNA anticodon loop recognition, affecting the binding of aminoglycosidic antibiotics and protein translation in prokaryota. The simulation results show a good agreement with experimental data, which provi-ded some structural information for the drug design based on 16S rRNA in ribosome.
    Effect of Inclusion of Water Molecules Associated on Mechanism of H2O2+NH3H2O+ONH3
    CHANG Gang, WANG Bin-Ju, ZHANG Jun, XIA Wen-Sheng*, WAN Hui-Lin*
    2010, 31(9):  1820-1826. 
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    The two possible mechanisms(whether oxygen transfers prior to hydrogen migration) of reaction H2O2+NH3NH3O+H2O with explicit inclusion of water molecules associated are investigated by means of quantum chemistry calculations. The results show that two-step mechanism(H migration prior to O transfer) is preferred to one-step mechanism, and the reaction barrier is significantly affected by the geometric arrangement and the number of water molecules associated with reactants. When the number of water molecules associated is 5, the barrier reaches to the lowest value, which, after solvent effect correction, is comparable to the experimental results reported. The contribution from solvent effect is related to the reaction mechanisms and the number of water molecules associated.
    Simulation on the Phase Separation Behavior of Triblock Copolymers EO20PO70EO20 by Dissipative Particle Dynamics
    CHEN Yan, ZHONG Jing*, HUANG Wei-Qiu, CHEN Ruo-Yu, HU Wen-Hu, CHEN Cheng-Lung
    2010, 31(9):  1827-1833. 
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    Mesoporous materials were synthesized by template possess regular channel structure, narrow pore size distribution and high surface area, which are greatly related to the self-assembly of template. In order to investigate the template aggregates in the preparation process of mesoporous materials, dissipative particle dynamics(DPD) was adopted to simulate phase behaviors of EO20PO70EO20(P123) in water, ethanol/water solutions and silica sol. In the aqueous solution, P123 formed different morphologies at different mass fractions and four aggregation types were observed: spherical micelle(10% P123), ellipsoid micelle(20% P123), cylindrical micelle(30% P123) and 3D-cubic phase(50% P123). In the ethanol/water system, the stability of template micelles decreased with the increasing of ethanol concentration. In the silica sol, the micelle did not form when the mass fraction of P123 was less than 5%; the 3D spherical structure was observed when the mass fraction of P123 increased to 10%; and the 3D ellipsoid structure(20%), 3D-cubic phase(40%) and lamellar phase(60%) formed with the increasing of P123 mass fraction. Simulation results obtained in this work consisted with the experimental data reported in the literatures, which indicated that DPD simulation method can be used to study the influence of template on the structure of mesoporous material and guide the preparation of mesoporous material.
    Studies on the Interaction for Baicalein and Baicalin with Human Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic Methods
    ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Yu, BAI Xue-Yuan, HUI Ge, ZHAO Da-Qing, ZHAO Bing*
    2010, 31(9):  1834-1840. 
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    The fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy were applied to study the interaction between baicalein/baicalin and human serum albumin, as the subsequent consequence, the information of intermolecular adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman Scattering spectroscopy, the normal crientation were obtained. By the comparison of norml Ramn and onformation of baicalein and baicalin were confirmed. Besides that, we also studied the orientated difference between baicalein and baicalin after their combining to human serum albumin. In addition, the state of freedom ions on the binding of baialein/baicalin and human serum were also investigated in physiological conditions, which is the most accessible work of simulation in vitro.
    Catalytic Conversion of 1-Methylnaphthalene as Tar Model Compound from Hot Coke Oven Gas over Ni/MgO/Al2O3 Catalysts
    YANG Jun , WANG Xue-Guang*, LI Lin, SHEN Kui, LU Xiong-Gang, DING Wei-Zhong*
    2010, 31(9):  1841-1847. 
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    A series of Ni/MgO/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the method of co-impregnating boehmite(AlOOH) and characterized using N2 adsorption and X-ray diffraction(XRD). 1-Methylnaphthalene was selected as a tar compound to investigate the performance of the Ni/MgO/Al2O3 catalysts for converting tar from hot coke oven gas(COG) with a low water to carbon molar ratio(nH2O/nC) into light fuel gases. The effects of MgO content and operating conditions were examined at 775 ℃ and nH2O/nC=0.7. The experimental results showed that the MgO modified Ni/MgO/Al2O3 catalysts possessed excellent catalytic activity and stability for the conversion of 1-methylnaphthalene to small gas molecules. TG analysis of the used catalysts showed that addition of MgO in the Ni/MgO/Al2O3 catalysts could significantly enhance resistance to carbon deposition. It was first found that the presence of higher concentration of H2S(0.25%, volume fraction) could promote the conversion of tar to small gas molecules over the Ni/MgO/Al2O3 catalysts. This might be because the reversible adsorption of H2S on the surface of metallic Ni led to the formation of ensemble of Ni sites more suitable for steam reforming and, meanwhile, inhibited dissolution and diffusion of carbon in metal Ni from dissociative adsorption of hydrocarbon, leading to the formation of coke disposition on the catalyst.
    Dissociation Behavior of Methane Hydrate in Porous Media
    ZHANG Yu, WU Hui-Jie, LI Xiao-Sen*, CHEN Zhao-Yang, LI Gang, ZENG Zhi-Yong
    2010, 31(9):  1848-1854. 
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    The dissociation behavior of methane hydrate in the porous media were studied when the temperature was above the quadruple phase[Hydrate(H)-Water(LW)-Ice(Ⅰ)-Vapor(Ⅴ)] point temperature. The silica gels were applied as the porous media for the experiments, in which the diameter ranges of the silica gel particles were 0.105—0.150, 0.150—0.200 and 0.300—0.450 mm, and the mean pore diameters, 9.03, 12.95, 17.96 and 33.20 nm, respectively. The dissociation experiments were carried out by depressurization in the temperature range of 269.15—278.15 K and the initial formation pressure range of 4.1—11.0 MPa. The experiments indicated that the dissociation rate of methane increases with the increase of the initial formation pressure, the decrease of the bath temperature, the decrease of the particle range and the increase of the mean pore diameter. For relative big the particle diameter, the water in some pores becomes ice in the disso-ciation process, which makes the dissociation process relatively slow.
    Preparation and Properties of Polymer Solar Cells Based on Pt(Ⅱ) Containing Polyarylacetylene
    XIE Pu-Hui*, GUO Feng-Qi
    2010, 31(9):  1855-1859. 
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    Three conjugated platinum containing polyarylacetylene were designed and synthesized. The absorption maxima were located at 433 nm for polymer 1, 411 nm for polymer 2 and 492 nm for polymer 3, attributed to their π-π* transition along the long axis. The photoluminescence of polymers 1 and 3 were dominated by phosphorescence. The fluorescence of polymer 3 was greatly quenched by polymer 2, at the same time the phosphorescence was slightly quenched. Both the triplet-triplet and singlet-singlet quenching mechanisms were involved in the photoinduced electron transfer process from excited polymer 3 to 2. The photo-electric properties of the solar cells fabricated with polymers 3 and 2 or with polymers 1 and 2 were investigated. Under the Air mass(AM) 1.5 illumination, the cell based on ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/3∶2/KF/Al generated a short circuit current density of 0.0045 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 0.89 V and a maximum overall power conversion efficiency of 0.1%. The weak photovoltaic features were attributed to the low conductive properties of the polymers, which was supported by the results of the electroluminescence experiment for polymer 3, and to the major singlet-singlet electron transfer process from excited polymer 3 to 2.
    Interaction Between Dicationic Carbazole Derivatives and Nucleic Acid by Spectrum
    ZHANG Yuan-Hong, SUN Yu-Ming, LIU Xin, ZHAO Ning, YU Xiao-Qiang*, HUANG Bai-Biao
    2010, 31(9):  1860-1863. 
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    In this paper, 3,6-bis(1-hydroxyethyl-4-vinylpyridinium) carbazole diiodide(3,6-BHVC), a novel dicationic carbazole derivative, was synthesized and characte-rized. Using electronic absorption spectra, circle dichroism spectra and one- and two-photon emission spectra, the binding modes between 3,6-BHVC and DNA were studied. All spectral results show that 3,6-BHVC intercalates into DNA base pairs at lower ratio of [phosphate]/[3,6-BHVC] and binds in DNA groove at higher ratio. This indicates that carbazole derivative can act as a primary structure to explore two-photon DNA probes with high binding affinity.
    Effect of Temperature on the Raman Spectrum of Short-chain Polyenes Biological Molecules β-Carotene
    WANG Wei-Wei, LI Liang, LI Zhan-Long, SUN Cheng-Lin*, OUYANG Shun-Li, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1864-1867. 
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    Raman spectra of β-carotene with 9 conjugated double bonds polyenes bioligical molecules were measured in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) solution, at temperature range from 298 K to 346 K(25—73 ℃) in this experiment by Gobin Yvon hr800 Raman spectrometer commreted Linkam, Thms600 heating device. The results show that short-chain polyenes biological molecules β-carotene have larger Raman scattering cross section[6.5×10-23 cm2/(molecule?Sr)]. Besides resonance effect, the molecular structural order of β-carotene, which can generate coherent weak damping C-C bond vibration is an important factor, can lead to high Raman scattering cross section. The temperature has great effect on polyenic linear molecular structural order. Due to the temperature increases, the molecular structural order of β-carotene decreases, which lead to the weak of coherent weakly damping C-C bond vibration, the C-C bond length changes short. Because the C-C bond length is slightly different, the Raman scattering cross section decreases. And the frequency shifts towards higher frequencies, the frequency components of vibration increase, and the Raman linewidth becomes broadened.
    Microstructure and Photochromic Behavior of PMMA-dispersed Spiropyran Films
    LIU Lang, LONG Shi-Jun, ZHANG Guo-Dong, ZHOU Xing-Ping, JIA Dian-Zeng, ...
    2010, 31(9):  1868-1873. 
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    Polymethyl methacrylate-dispersed spiropyran film(SP-PMMA) and its modified film by dioctyl phthalate(DOP) were prepared by solution casting, the effects of the microstructure on their mechanical and photochromic properties were discussed. The results show that the SP-PMMA and SP-PMMA-DOP films have good mechanical strength, the “dilution effect” of SP decreases the glass transition temperature(Tg) of PMMA. The incorporation of DOP further decreases its Tg, enhances the dispersion of SP in PMMA and increases the film toughness due to the compatibilization and plasticization. SP-PMMA and SP-PMMA-DOP films exhibit the reversible photochromic behaviors. The incorporation of DOP increases the coloring and decoloring rates at room temperature.
    Efficient Polymer Red Light-emitting Diodes with Cathode Interface Modification Layer Based on Phosphonate Polyfluorene
    NIU Xiao-Di, LIU Jing-Bo, WANG Song, WANG Hong-Su*, NIAN Gui-Jun*
    2010, 31(9):  1874-1877. 
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    This work presents the fabrication of efficient red polymer light-emitting diodes by spin coating the alcohol-soluble poly(9,9-bis(6′-diethoxylphosphorylhexyl)fluorene)(PF-EP) onto the surface of the electroluminescent film before the device cathode, made of Al, rather than the low work function metals, such as Ca or Ba, is deposited. By the high-resolution XPS, the interaction of thermally evaporated Al with the PF-EP layer was investigated. The efficiency of PLEDs with an organic oxide/Al composite cathode, reaches 7.0 cd/A, which is markedly higher than the efficiency of 4.0 cd/A of device with Ca/Al cathode. The light-emitting efficiency is increased by 75%. It may provide a way to improve the device performance of polymeric phosphorescent diodes.
    Self-consistent Filed Theory Study on Self-assembly of Linear ABC Triblock Copolymer in Homopolymer C
    LI Wei, JIANG Wei*
    2010, 31(9):  1878-1883. 
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    The self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymer in homopolymer C was studied by the real-space self-consistent field theory. The simulative results show that the dispersed phase formed by the triblock copolymer in the homopolymer is mainly the core-shell structure. Decreasing the interaction between species A and C can change the core-forming block from A to B. There are several intermediate morphologies between the two main core-shell structures, including the cylinder with bump surface, the disk with bump surface and the twist cylinders. Moreover, the structure with core-forming block B is favorable at the low content of block A in the mixture.
    Adsorption of Protein on Conducting Poly(methacryloyl pyrrole)
    ZHANG Zhi-Hong*, YAN Li-Jun, LIANG Yan, FENG Xiao-Zhong, YAN Fu-Feng, ZHENG Xian
    2010, 31(9):  1884-1889. 
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    Poly(methacryloyl pyrrole) films were prepared by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization(SIATRP) onto the surface of silicon and Au. The chemical structure, the surface wettability, the surface morphology and the electrochemical property were investgated. The adsorption behavior of BSA on the polymer surface was measured in situ by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The adsorption mechanism of BSA could be revealed based on the effects of buffer pH values and BSA concentration on the protein adsorption. The change in the chemical property after BSA immobilization was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The morphologies of PMAP before and after BSA adsorption were investigated by atom force microscopy. This study could supply the base of the preparation of the regular, uniform and sensitive films which are used in the field of biosensors.
    Crystallization Behavior of the Mixed Systems of β-Cyclodextrin and Polyoxyethylene Octyl Phenyl Ethers
    CHEN Qing-Rui, YANG Meng, LIU Li, JIANG Guo-Qing, ZHANG Dan, LIU Feng-Qi*
    2010, 31(9):  1890-1895. 
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    The crystallization behavior of the nonionic surfactants polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ethers(OP-n, n is number of oxyethylene units) and β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) in aqueous solutions were investigated. The inclusion complex of 2∶1 stoichiometry between β-CD and OP-n was determined via the optical transparency method as well as the color method. The quantitative distribution of β-CD and OP-n in the liquid phase and solid phase were determined by UV-Vis spectrum and Gravimetric analysis, respectively. The results indicated that β-CD could promote the phase separation and whereas OP-n surfactants' hydrophilic part hinder the phase separation. Moreover, the stronger the hydrophilicity of OP-n surfactants, the more remarkable the effects mentioned above. The crystal morphologies of mixed systems were powders and branches, which were characte-rized by polarized light microscope. The crystalline structure was further characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the results revealed that these inclusion complexes presented a channel-type structure by intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
    Synthesis and Characterization of the Hexachlorotriphosphaxene Cross-linked Oligo(ethyleneimine) as Gene Carrier
    LI Fei-Fan, TIAN Hua-Fu, CHEN Lei, XIA Jia-Liang, CHEN Xue-Si*, JING Xia-Bin
    2010, 31(9):  1896-1900. 
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    Hyperbranched oligo(ethyleneimine) with molecular weight of 600 was carried out reaction with hexachlorotriphosphazene in anhydrous chloroform to synthesize a degradable and cross-linked polymer as a non-viral gene carrier. The 1H NMR spectra confirmed the formation of the polymer and its average molecular weight was obtained by GPC with HAc/NaAc buffering solution of pH=4.4 as fluent phase. The polymer compressed DNA into stable complexes in diameter of about 150 nm and zeta potential of 30—40 mV measured by dynamic light scattering. Besides, when the mass ratio of polymer and DNA was 0.4, the plasmids were fully retarded in 1% agarose gel by gel retardation electrophoresis. The cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were characterized by HeLa cells in vitro. It was indicated that the best transfection efficiency of polymer with lower cytotoxicity was three times higher than that of PEI-25K. Therefore, the synthesized polymer may have good potential applications as non-viral gene carriers.
    One-step Rapid Extraction and Hydrolysis of Straw Cellulose
    SUN Xiao-Feng*, WANG Hai-Hong, HU Yong-Hong
    2010, 31(9):  1901-1904. 
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    One-step extraction method was studied for the rapid extraction of pure celluloses from the corn stalk, in acetic acid-nitric acid mixture under 10 different reaction conditions, and then the extracted cellulo-sic samples were hydrolyzed. The experimental results show that the optimized parameters for isolation of celluloses are reaction temperature at 120 ℃, 1∶25 of the solid-liquid ratio, 80% acetic acid and 10% nitric acid, reaction duration for 20 min, and the yield of cellulose is 38%. Hydrolysis of cellulosic samples show that the content of glucose is above 90% in preparations obtained under the optimized condition, and hydrolysis rate arrived to 94%. 13C NMR and FTIR indicate that the structure of cellulose is not damaged, and the content of cellulose Iβ is the highest, and the high degree of both lignin and hemicellulose degradation and removal is achieved in acetic acid-nitric acid mixture. The result shows a remarkable potential for pure cellulose production.