Singlet oxygen（¹O₂） is a highly reactive species with strong oxidizing properties， making it valuable in various applications， including photodynamic therapy， organic synthesis and material science. However， its short lifetime and high reactivity present significant challenges in its practical use. To overcome these challenges， the development of efficient materials for ¹O₂ capture and controlled release has attracted considerable attention. Covalent organic frameworks（COFs）， with their unique crystalline structure， high porosity and exceptional stability， have emerged as ideal candidates for ¹O₂ storage and transfer. In this study， we designed and synthesized a two-dimensional anthracene-based COF（2D An COF）， which was further exfoliated into nanosheet（2D An COF-nanosheet） to enhance its performance. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the 2D An COF-nanosheet exhibited a significantly higher ¹O₂ capture rate compared to the bulk COF， which can be attributed to their more exposed active sites. Both the 2D An COF and its exfoliated nanosheet showed excellent reversibility in ¹O₂ release when exposed to external thermal or light stimuli， with no significant degradation in performance after multiple cycles. The results highlight the potential of 2D COF materials， particularly in nanosheet form， as efficient and stable platforms for ¹O₂ storage and release. This work provides new theoretical insights into the design of ¹O₂-responsive materials and opens new avenues for applications in photodynamic therapy， photocatalysis and other fields requiring precise control over reactive oxygen species.

The honeycomb-like porous WO₃ assembled by nanowires was synthesized by solvothermal method. After mixing and grinding with 1%（molar ratio to WO₃） of CuO or CuCl₂， the CuO-WO₃ and Cu²⁺-WO₃ composites were obtained. The morphology， composition， valence state and energy band structure etc. of the WO₃， CuO-WO₃ and Cu²⁺-WO₃ samples were characterized systematically and their gas sensing performances to H₂S were studied. The results showed that the response value of the pure WO₃ was rather low， only 2.8， while the sensitivities of the two composite sensors were significantly increased. Among the three sensors， the Cu²⁺-WO₃ sensor had the highest response value to H₂S， 67.6， which is 24.1 times that of the pure WO₃ sensor. Moreover， the Cu²⁺-WO₃ sensor can effectively detect extremely low concentration of H₂S gas， 20 μg/kg， indicating its superior sensitivity for H₂S detection. This might be due to copper ion doping enhancing the charge transfer efficiency/separation， narrowed band gap and the redox reactions between the Cu²⁺ and H₂S， leading to significantly improved H₂S sensing performance.

In this study， a novel organic-inorganic hybrid fluorescent sensor was designed and synthesized using salicylaldehyde and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane（^{POSS） as raw materials. Through the reaction of salicylaldehyde with POSS-NH₂， POSS-Sa with a salicylaldehyde-Schiff base structure was obtained， and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）， ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy（UV-Vis）， and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（NMR）. The results revealed that the fluorescence efficiency of POSS-Sa significantly increased in the presence of zinc ions（Zn²⁺）. As the concentration of Zn²⁺ increased， the fluorescence intensity of POSS-Sa gradually enhanced. Within a certain concentration range， the fluorescence intensity exhibited a linear relationship with Zn²⁺ concentration， following the calibration curve of y=10.31x+455.38（R²=0.997）. The linear detection range was 0.5—50×10⁻⁷ mol/L， with a detection limit of 1×10⁻⁸ mol/L. This sensor demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity toward Zn²⁺ and was successfully applied to the detection of Zn²⁺ in food samples， showing high recovery rates. Additionally， due to its good biocompatibility， the sensor holds potential for Zn²⁺ detection in food samples and in vitro cellular environments.}

In this study， a ratiometric fluorescent probe， TPP⁃DPAC， was developed for dual labeling of lipid droplets（LDs） and mitochondria. This probe was constructed by conjugating the lipophilic "conformational adaptive" fluorophore N，N'-diphenyl-dihydrodibenzo［a，c］phenazine（DPAC）—which exhibits dual fluorescence emission—with the mitochondrial-targeting group triphenylphosphine（TPP）. By co-incubating OA-induced HepG2 cells with the probe to stimulate LD formation， it was demonstrated that TPP⁃DPAC could simultaneously label both LDs and mitochondria. The fluorescence imaging co-localization coefficients（Rr） were 0.96 and 0.95， respectively. Further experiments revealed that the probe undergoes dynamic changes in red/blue fluorescence signals due to its conformational adaptation to the local cellular microenvironment， thereby enabling in situ tracing of dynamic cellular processes such as LD formation and fusion. This ratiometric fluorescent probe provides a visualization tool for monitoring intracellular LD metabolism and its interaction with mitochondria， and offers a new strategy for studying interactions between LDs and other subcellular organelles.

Clethodim， known for its high efficacy， low toxicity， broad herbicidal spectrum， extended application window and safety to subsequent crops， has become a representative cyclohexenone herbicide. 5-［2-（Ethylthio） propyl］-2-propionyl-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one（abbreviated as Jing-Santong）， a key intermediate of clethodim， faces challenges in traditional batch synthesis， such as low reaction efficiency and high energy consumption. This study developed a continuous-flow microchannel technology for the critical synthesis steps. By optimizing the cyclization and hydrolysis processes， the reaction time was reduced from 90 min to 4.8 min， achieving a 65.2% yield and 95.2% purity. The novel process significantly improves reaction efficiency and product quality， offering a promising approach for the industrial production of clethodim.

Mometasone furoate（MF） is a potent synthetic corticosteroid widely used in the treatment of asthma， skin inflammation and pruritic diseases. This study discovered six solvates of MF（acetonitrile， methanol， acetone， dichloromethane， ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran solvates）， and the crystal structure of the acetonitrile solvate and dichloromethane solvate were successfully resolved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structure analysis showed that the acetonitrile solvate belongs to the same P2₁2₁2₁ space group as the known Form 1， but its PXRD pattern differs significantly. The dichloromethane solvate belongs to a new space group different from the anhydrous Form 1 and the hydrate. The MF molecule has an irregular shape with two large rotatable groups， which can form large cavity structures with adjustable sizes during crystal packing， enabling it to accommodate solvent molecules of different sizes and thus form various solvates. The stability of the solvates under different environments and their polymorphic transformations were studied by PXRD. The solvates of dichloromethane， acetonitrile， and ethyl acetate were unstable at room temperature， spontaneously desolvating and converting into a new metastable form， while the solvates of tetrahydrofuran， acetone， and methanol were relatively stable at room temperature. All these solvates and the new metastable forms converted to Form 1 upon heating.

The binder-free porous nanoribbon-interwoven Ir₁Ru₃/TiO _x N _y thin-film electrode was fabricated through a combined process of reduced-pressure filtration， ion exchange， thermal nitridation and impregnation reduction. Systematic investigations were conducted to elucidate the effects of microstructure and varying precious metal loadings on the catalytic activity and stability for acidic oxygen evolution reaction（OER）. The charge transfer dynamics at the interface and electronic transport mechanisms in the binder-free system were comprehensively analyzed， revealing the intrinsic enhancement mechanism for OER performance. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the Ir₁Ru₃/TiO _x N _y thin-film electrode with a noble metal loading of 10.5%（mass fraction） exhibited outstanding OER activity with overpotentials of 199， 233 and 368 mV at current densities of 50， 100 and 500 mA/cm²， respectively. Notably， the electrode showed exceptional stability with a minimal voltage decay rate of 0.265 mV/h during a 200 h durability test at 20 mA/cm². These performance metrics significantly surpassed those of the binder-containing Ir₁Ru₃/TiO _x N _y thin-film electrode with identical precious metal loading（278 mV@50 mA/cm²， 312 mV@100 mA/cm²， 466 mV@500 mA/cm² and a 100-hour decay rate of 1.7 mV/h）. This study provides novel insights into the rational design of high-performance acidic oxygen evolution reaction electrodes for high current densities.

To enhance the electrocatalytic oxidation capability of lead dioxide（PbO₂） electrodes， pretreated titanium plates（Ti） as the substrate， a lanthanum-doped lead dioxide modified electrode（Ti/Nafion-CNTs/La-PbO₂） was prepared by constructing a perfluorosulfonic acid-carbon nanotube（Nafion-CNTs） intermediate modification layer and employing electrodeposition technology. Its electrocatalytic degradation performance towards typical organic pollutants methyl orange（MO） and phenol（PhOH） was systematically evaluated. Material characterisation reveals the electrode possesses excellent physicochemical properties. Firstly， infrared spectroscopy confirms the successful introduction of hydrophilic functional groups， including hydroxyl and carboxyl groups， onto the surface of acid-washed activated carbon nanotubes（CNTs）， effectively enhances surface activity and substrate bonding capability. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） reveals that the La-PbO₂ catalytic layer on the electrode surface is composed of densely packed irregularly shaped crystalline particles approximately 5 μm in size to form a rough microstructure with high specific surface area. X-ray diffraction（XRD） patterns further indicate lanthanum successful dopes into the PbO₂ lattice， inducing significant lattice distortion， which facilitates the generation of additional catalytic active sites. Electrochemical performance testing demonstrates the modified electrode exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic activity. Compared to the unmodified electrode， the Ti/Nafion-CNTs/La-PbO₂ electrode exhibits lower electrical resistivity and higher hydroxyl radical（^•OH） yield， directly correlating with its enhanced degradation capability. In experiments targeting MO degradation， this electrode demonstrates exceptionally high efficiency， achieving a removal rate of 70.52% within 20 min of reaction， with near-complete degradation observed after 60 min. With PhOH as the target contaminant， the influence of operating conditions on degradation efficiency was further investigated. Experimental results reveal a positive correlation between phenol removal rate and applied current density. Concurrently， optimal and stable PhOH removal is achieved under weakly acidic conditions（an electrode plate spacing of 10 mm and a solution pH=6）.

Schottky-type Zn_0.11Co_0.42Ni_0.47Se/ZnIn₂S₄（^{ZCNSe/ZIS） composites were constructed by a two-step hydrothermal/water-bath method. The influence of phase composition， morphological structure， interfacial structure， band alignment and photothermal effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） was investigated. The photocatalytic mechanism was discussed. The results indicate that ZCNSe/ZIS samples exhibit excellent photothermal effect， which effectively improves the visible-light and near-infrared-light absorption. Simultaneously， the Schottky contact facilitates the carrier separation and suppresses the electron-hole recombination. Consequently， the HER performance is enhanced markedly， and the optimal ZCNSe-4/ZIS sample achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of 6.89 mmol·g-1·h-1， which is ca. 3.48 times higher than that of pristine ZIS（1.98 mmol·g-1·h-1）. Moreover， band structure， photoelectron dynamics and photothermal characterizations collectively corroborate the photogenerated carrier transfer mechanism in Schottky-type ZCNSe/ZIS composites.}

MoON thin films with gradient oxygen content were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The effects of N₂/O₂ partial pressures during the preparation process on the microstructure， crystallinity， chemical bonding， electrical conductivity and electrochemical energy storage performance of MoON thin film electrodes were studied. The results reveal that when the flow rate（sccm） ratio of Ar/N₂/O₂ is 240∶50∶10， the MoON thin-film electrode exhibits the optimal energy storage performance. In a 1 mol/L Na₂SO₄ solution， its capacitance per unit area increases from 134 mF/cm²（pure MoN thin-film electrode） to 211 mF/cm²， with an increase of 57.5%. Moreover， it has excellent cycle stability with no capacitance retention decay after 10000 charge and discharge cycles.

Aiming to address the unclear reaction mechanisms of trace impurities in electron-grade hydrofluoric acid， this study focuses on fluoromanganate-like metal complexes. The reaction pathways of trace impurity manganese（Mn） and other metal impurity ions（sodium ［Na⁺］， calcium ［Ca²⁺］， and aluminum ［Al³⁺］， representing typical mono-， di-， and tri-valent impurity ions） within the hydrofluoric acid system were investigated through density functional theory（DFT） calculations. By DFT combined with analyses of electrostatic charge distributions， differential charge density and binding energy calculations， the stability of the reaction products（AlMnF₈， CaMnF₆， NaMnF₆） and their potential for separation from hydrofluoric acid（HF） were revealed. The results show that AlMnF₈， generated by the reaction of Al³⁺ with Mn， has the lowest total system energy（-30.878 eV） and the most stable structure； the binding energy analysis further confirms that the absolute value of the binding energy of AlMnF₈ with HF（0.488 eV） is lower than that of NaMnF₆（0.758 eV） and CaMnF₆（0.798 eV）， which suggests that it can be more easily detached from HF solution by physical separation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient removal of trace manganese complexes in electronic grade HF.

A one-dimensional uranyl carboxyphosphonate coordination polymer， （UO₂）（2-pmbH₂）₂（1）， was synthesized from 2-pmbH₃ ligand and uranyl ions. In this structure， phosphonate groups bridge uranyl ions through two oxygen atoms to form one-dimensional chain， with protonated carboxyl groups and phosphonate oxygen atoms orderly distributed on both sides of the chain backbone. Interchain hydrogen-bond interactions form a supramolecular network. Furthermore， compound 1 exhibits high water stability（stable at pH=1—12） and good luminescent properties（quantum yield QY=14.1%）. Fluorescence analysis of compound 1 in various metal ion aqueous solutions revealed that only Fe³⁺ can induce >95% quenching efficiency for its strongest characteristic emission peak（λ_em=524 nm）， demonstrating remarkable selectivity. By establishing a quantitative relationship between Fe³⁺ concentration and fluorescence intensity of compound 1， the sensing material shows a good linear response（R²=0.99） in the low concentration range（0—0.04 mmol·L^-1） with a low detection limit（3.67×10^-7 mol/L）. Therefore， due to its unique molecular structure， good luminescent properties， high water stability， as well as its high selectivity and sensitive quenching response toward Fe³⁺ ions in aqueous solutions， compound 1 demonstrates great potential as a sensing material for the detection of metal ions.

The influence of topological constraints on the dynamic behavior of polymer chains constitutes a core scientific challenge in condensed matter physics and soft matter science. Herein， we employed molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate how static geometric features and dynamic flexibility of topological constraints regulate the equilibrium conformations and non-equilibrium dynamics of polymer chains within quasi-two-dimensional confinement models， encompassing both regular/disordered topological structures and rigid/flexible topological constraints. Under regular rigid lattice confinement， the diffusion coefficient（D） and relaxation time （τ_R） vs. the chain length（N） of the test chain adhere to the classical scaling relationships D∼N^-1.5 and τ_R∼N³ with static dimensions independent of the lattice spacing——a result in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. For small spacing regimes， the dynamic behavior of polymer chains in disordered rigid lattices is nearly equivalent to that in regular lattice systems， indicating that equilibrium topological fluctuations do not significantly alter the uniformity of the effective confinement tube diameter. This finding revises the expectations of Muthukumar’s random medium model. Conformational rearrangements of flexible chains induce a “dynamic constraint enhancement effect”： short-time internal motions and long-time overall diffusion of the test chain become decoupled， with the whole-chain relaxation time increasing by approximately 3-fold compared to rigid constraint systems. This effect arises from the additional contribution of topological friction. During constant-velocity stretching， the force on the test chain exhibits a significant overshoot phenomenon， and the whole-chain friction coefficient increases nonlinearly with stretching rate， directly confirming the critical role of topological friction in the nonlinear mechanical response of polymer chains. This work offers insights to deepen the understanding of dynamic laws in complex confined systems and may guide the optimization of polymer material dynamic properties.

A kinetic Monte Carlo simulation is performed to investigate the gelation regions for the antibody-antigen system of {[\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}]}_{\mathrm{3}}-{[\mathrm{A}\mathrm{b}]}_{\mathrm{2}} type， involving the semi-batch and nonequal reactivity. Specifically， the gelation regions consisting of critical and maximum conversions for various molar ratios of epitopes to paratopes are presented. Furthermore， the increments of critical conversions between two successive feedings are obtained to determine the equivalent zone， which ranges from 1 to 1.5 for the present system. It is shown that when the growth of antibody- antigen complexes of larger sizes takes priority， the smallest variance in the increments of critical conversions can be found. These results signify that the agglutination reactions under the semi-batch mode can be employed to the quantitative analysis of the immune responses. Conversely， if the growth of complexes of small sizes dominates in the system， then the corresponding agglutination reactions are only suitable for qualitative immunoassay. An attempt was made to elucidate the impacts of relevant factors on the gelation process of the system， thereby providing useful clues for a quantitative immunoassay and relevant targeted drug therapies.

The structure of trans butadiene-isoprene copolymer rubber（TBIR） involved in chlorination reaction is complex， and its derivative， chlorinated trans-1，4-poly（butadiene-co-isoprene） rubber（CTBIR）， achieves rubber elasticity and polarity mainly depending on its double bond and allyl chloride structures. This article aims to regulate the double bond and allyl chloride structure in CTBIR by controlling the chlorination reaction conditions， such as chlorination time， temperature， chlorine gas introduction methods， free radical scavengers， and UV irradiation. A high initial reaction temperature preserves the double bond content in CTBIR while reducing its chlorine content. The method of circulating chlorine gas facilitates achieving high chlorine content while maintaining high double bond content. The adding of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxyl(TEMPO） is beneficial for maintaining the double bond content in CTBIR. The allyl chloride structure in CTBIR can be regulated by reaction temperature， reaction time and the addition of TEMPO. Regulating the structure of chlorination product provides a basis for the halogenation reaction of rubber. The regulation of halogenation products can provide the selection of reaction sites for the subsequent structural modification of CTBIR.

The mucin-degrading gut commensal bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila has emerged as a promising probiotic due to its significant health-promoting effects， wherein its protein constituents mediate critical host-microbe crosstalk. Notably， Amuc_0119 represents an uncharacterized protein potentially with beneficial biological functions. In this study， we aimed to construct an expression system for recombinant Amuc_0119 to facilitate its structural and functional characterization. The coding sequence of Amuc_0119 was cloned into pET-28a（+） vector with an N-terminal 6×His-tag and successfully transformed into E. coli BL21（DE3） competent cells. Protein expression was induced by 0.5 mmol/L IPTG overnight at 37 °C. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed successful expression of the 46 kDa recombinant protein， which was subsequently purified via Ni-NTA affinity chromatography with a purity of 92.08%. Western blot with anti-His antibodies confirmed the target protein identity， while quantitative BCA assay determined a final concentration of 818.44 μg/mL. This study establishes the first efficient expression and purification protocol for Akkermansia muciniphila-derived Amuc_0119， providing essential tools for forthcoming structural studies and functional investigations for this bacterial protein.

This study designed and synthesized an inorganic-organic composite Ce-Cur nanoenzyme using cerium chloride（CeCl₃） and curcumin（Cur） as raw materials， with polyvinylpyrrolidone（PVP） as the dispersant. Systematic characterization of its microstructure and surface properties was performed using X-ray powder diffraction（XRD）， transmission electron microscopy（TEM）， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）， zeta potential， and particle size analysis. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated via ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays， while DCFH-DA fluorescence probe-based assays assessed its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species（ROS） within macrophages. Results indicate that the Ce-Cur nanozyme exhibits excellent antioxidant capacity， significantly reducing intracellular ROS levels（fluorescence intensity MFI decreased by 53%）. CCK8 assays and live/dead fluorescent staining experiments demonstrated excellent cellular compatibility of the nanozyme. Real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）， immunofluorescence， and ELISA analyses revealed that Ce-Cur nanozyme effectively suppressed LPS+IFN-γ-induced inflammatory responses. It downregulated mRNA expression and protein secretion of M1-type inflammatory cytokines TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6（M1 inhibition rates were 57%， 67%， and 82%， respectively.）， while simultaneously promoting the expression of the M2 anti-inflammatory factor IL-10（M2 growth rate reached 351%）. These results indicate synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects between curcumin and amorphous cerium oxide components， significantly regulating macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype. This study provides experimental evidence and potential strategies for the application of Ce-Cur nanoenzymes in immunomodulation and the treatment of related inflammatory diseases.