Against the backdrop of materials genetic engineering， data-driven machine learning（ML） techniques， as a powerful new tool， have garnered widespread attention in the field of research on materials’ thermal expansion properties. ML can bypass complex experimental processes and theoretical calculations； by establishing correlations between descriptors and thermal expansion properties， it enables rapid prediction of materials’ thermal expansion properties at relatively low cost， effectively compensating for the shortcomings of traditional experimental trial-and- error methods and density functional theory（DFT）-based approaches， such as high time costs and low efficiency. This paper outlines the basic processes and methods of machine learning， and focuses on elaborating its application progress in the research on the thermal expansion properties of materials. The field of traditional machine learning has achieved a gradual deepening， starting from the single-target prediction of the coefficient of thermal expansion， moving to the introduction of an analytical mechanism for feature importance analysis and the combination of feature selection to optimize models， and then advancing to the multi-target prediction associated with multiple properties. In the aspect of machine learning-based interatomic potentials， studies drive molecular dynamics simulations by constructing atomic-scale potential energy functions， thereby revealing the microscopic mechanism of thermal expansion behavior. These applications have accelerated the design and screening of negative thermal expansion materials and deepened the understanding of relevant mechanisms. Finally， the paper analyzes the urgent issues to be resolved in the application of ML to the research on materials’ thermal expansion properties， and proposes future research directions and development trends accordingly.

Core-shell structured composite catalysts are characterized by the heterogeneous distribution of functional components， enabling precise regulation of the microenvironment for chemical reactions via spatial separation， thus exhibiting extensive applications in industrial catalysis. Endowed with structural customization advantages， 3D printing technology allows the precise construction of self-supporting catalysts with hierarchical channels. Among them， coaxial 3D printing realizes the spatial directional distribution of multi-materials in a single step via the simultaneous co-extrusion and controllable deposition of multi-channel inks. This technique exhibits great potential in the precise fabrication and efficient processing of core-shell structured composite catalysts. This review summarizes the research progress in the designable preparation and application of coaxial 3D-printed core-shell structure composite catalysts. The working principle of coaxial 3D printing， the structural design of coaxial nozzles， and the formulation of 3D printing inks are systematically elaborated. It also recapitulates the application advances of 3D-printed core-shell catalysts in vehicle exhaust treatment， the catalytic conversion of liquid organic pollutants， and the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds. The challenges confronting state-of-the-art technologies and important future research directions are thoroughly analyzed， thereby providing a valuable reference for the engineering application and high-performance development of novel core-shell composite catalysts.

Electrochemiluminescence（ECL） biosensing technology demonstrates significant potential in biomedical analysis and clinical diagnosis due to its high sensitivity， low background signal， and excellent controllability. However， traditional materials commonly encountered problems such as easy leakage of signal molecules， insufficient anti-biocontamination ability， and limited signal amplification capacity for trace target substances during ECL biosensing interface assembly. The vertically-ordered mesoporous silica film（VMSF）， as a novel nanostructured material， offers an ideal interface for constructing a new generation of high-performance ECL biosensing by virtue of its highly ordered， vertically arranged nano-channel structure， unique size sieving effect， charge selectivity， high specific surface area， and facile modifiability. This review comprehensively outlines the structural characteristics and preparation methods of VMSF， and the functionalization assembly strategies of VMSF interface in ECL biosensing. Then， the latest application progress of VMSF in the detection of small molecules， tumor markers， nucleic acids， drugs， and cells is systematically summarized. Finally， current challenges and future research directions are discussed， aiming to provide insightful perspectives for the rational design of ECL biosensing based on VMSF.

This study proposes and validates a novel strategy for fabricating ultra-low refractive index films based on nanostructure regulation via secondary chemical etching. Initially， Ag nanowire array-silica composite metamaterial films were prepared using multi-target magnetron co-sputtering technology. After the first-step chemical etching process to remove the metallic phase， an air-nanocolumn array-silica composite metamaterial film was constructed. However， due to the limited porosity achieved by the first etching step， the resulting refractive index could not meet the requirement for further reduction. To address this issue， this work introduces a secondary chemical etching step to enlarge the diameter of the air nanocolumns， thereby increasing the porosity and successfully obtaining a composite metamaterial with an ultra-low refractive index（<1.2）. The optical properties and microstructure of the films were characterized using spectroscopic ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the anisotropic effective medium approximation（EMA） model， the ellipsometric parameters Ψ and Δ were fitted to establish the relationship between porosity and anisotropic refractive indices， clarifying the minimum refractive index achievable by the first etching step. The effects of secondary etching time and etchant concentration on the refractive index were systematically investigated， demonstrating that the proposed ultra-low refractive index tuning method exhibits excellent process repeatability. This enables the controllable preparation of films with an ordinary refractive index ranging from 1.367 to 1.159 and an extraordinary refractive index between 1.392 and 1.191. This research provides a new pathway for the controllable preparation of ultra-low refractive index materials， holding significant application potential in photonic devices such as automotive lenses and display panels.

Magnesia-calcia（MgO-CaO） refractories are widely used in tundish linings and continuous casting furnaces owing to their high melting point， thermal stability， resistance to slag corrosion， and effectiveness in purifying molten steel. However， their susceptibility to hydration in humid environments severely limits their practical applications. To enhance the hydration resistance of MgO-CaO materials， this study presents a novel one-step catalytic chemical vapor deposition method using soybean oil as a carbon source and cobalt（Co） as a catalyst to synthesize carbon nanotubes（CNTs） and calcium carbonate（CaCO₃） co-coated superhydrophobic MgO-CaO grains. The effects of pyrolysis temperature， holding time and catalyst loading on the microstructure and hydration resistance of the modified MgO-CaO grains were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the optimal synthesis conditions for the CNTs-CaCO₃ co-coated superhydrophobic MgO-CaO grains are as follows： reaction temperature of 700 ℃， 2.0%（mass ratio of the supported catalyst to MgO-CaO grains） Co catalyst loading， and holding time of 1 h. Under these conditions， the modified aggregates exhibited a water contact angle of 155°， and a minimal hydration-induced weight gain of only 0.73%（mass fraction） after exposure at 70 ℃ and 85% relative humidity for 24 h， the hydration resistance has been improved by 9.47 times compared to unmodified MgO-CaO grains， and 2.01 times to CaCO₃ coated MgO-CaO grains. The synergistic protective effects of the hydrophobic CNT layer and the CaCO₃ shell effectively hindered moisture ingress and subsequent hydration reactions. This study provides an facile and efficient approach for enhancing the hydration resistance of MgO-CaO refractories.

Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） are widely used in the identification and detection of pollutants， showing great potential particularly in the fluorescent detection of heavy metal ions and nitro compounds. However， their stability and fluorescence performance are often limited by the nature of the coordination bonds. In this study， novel thiophene-bridged ligands with planar conjugated extension and controllable chain length were synthesized via Stille coupling and N-Bromosuccinimide（NBS） selective bromination strategies. These ligands were successfully used to construct highly stable and fluorescence-enhanced thiophene-based MOFs（TPD⁃1 and TPP⁃1）. The application of these materials in the fluorescent recognition of metal ions and nitro compounds was systematically investigated. The results indicate that both crystals are formed by connecting hexanuclear eight⁃connected secondary building units， Zr₆（μ₃⁃O）₈（COO）₈（H₂O）₈， with organic ligands. TPD⁃1 belongs to the tetragonal crystal system with the I4₁/amd space group， while TPP⁃1 belongs to the cubic crystal system with the Fmmm space group. Among them， the extended conjugated aromatic framework of TPP⁃1 effectively enhances its stability in aqueous solutions and under acidic or basic conditions， while promoting interactions with target analytes. This enables TPP⁃1 to exhibit excellent fluorescence sensing performance for both Fe³⁺ and aromatic nitro compounds， with a quenching efficiency exceeding 93% and a K_sv constant reaching the order of 10⁴ L/mol.

When nanoprobes are applied for the detection in complex biological matrices such as serum， a protein corona is prone to form on their surface， which may mask the recognition molecules and thus lead to probe inactivation. To investigate the effects of different antibody immobilization strategies on antibody bioactivity and anti-interference performance， gold nanoparticles were used as the carrier in this study to systematically compare three immobilization methods for rabbit anti-mouse IgG： direct physical adsorption， covalent conjugation via mercaptopropionic acid， and site-directed immobilization mediated by staphylococcal protein A. We comprehensively adopted nanoparticle tracking analysis， BCA protein quantitation and dot blot assay to quantitatively evaluate the antibody loading capacity per nanoparticle and the accessible binding orientation of antibodies for each method. Furthermore， a serum-mimicking environment was constructed to analyze the masking effect of protein corona on antibody exposure and the actual target antigen capture capability of the nanoprobes. The experimental results demonstrated that the physical adsorption method via direct co-incubation exhibited the optimal performance in antibody loading capacity and binding orientation optimization. Moreover， this method maintained the highest antibody accessibility and antigen-binding capacity after incubation in serum， and its overall performance was significantly superior to that of the two chemical modification methods. This study reveals that the simple and direct physical adsorption method possesses unique advantages in the preparation of nanoprobes for detection in complex biological samples， which provides novel experimental evidence and practical strategies for optimizing nanoprobe design and improving the reliability of in vitro diagnostics.

This work systematically investigates the coordination and interconversion behaviors of tris（pentafluorophenyl）borane（BCF） with eleven substituted amines in the presence of varying amounts of water， employing ¹¹B/¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The catalytic activity of these systems in reactions with phenylsilane was further explored. The results indicate that the amine/BCF/H₂O systems primarily exist in three coordination modes： B—N coordination， boronium hydroxide（B—OH） species， and a three-component hydrogen-bonded complex of the type “LB···H—（H）O···LA”. When the molar ratio of H₂O reaches or exceeds that of BCF， the coordination equilibrium shifts significantly toward the hydrated three-component form. This shift markedly alters the protonation capability of the substrates and their reactivity in silane reduction， thereby determining the activation pathway with PhSiH₃. This study not only provides experimental evidence to elucidate the reaction mechanisms of boranes under aqueous conditions but also offers theoretical and practical guidance for designing and expanding Frustrated Lewis Pairs（FLPs） catalytic systems in aqueous environments.

Sulfonylation or alkylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups are not only the key issues of the synthesis of the functional arene， but also the common strategies for the protection of the active phenolic hydroxyl groups. With the treatment of the system of alcohol-sulfonic chloride-potassium carbonate， diphenol could be converted to alkoxy phenolic sulfonate directly via synergistically non-symmetrical sulfonylation-alkylation of two phenolic hydroxyl groups. Such conversion provided a mild and straightforward approach by short synthetic steps， good regioselectivity， and the use of low-toxicity alcohols as alkylation agents. Mechanistic studies revealed that the in⁃situ-formed sulfonate worked as a highly active alkylating agent and was converted to a non-toxic sulfonate salt. This pathway enhanced the reactive efficiency and significantly mitigated the adverse environmental and health impacts as well.

Herein， novel S-glycoside derivative was designed and synthesized using euparin as the aglycone. Employing a palladium-catalyzed strategy， 22 S-glycosides were efficiently synthesized under mild conditions with high chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity. Evaluation of the in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of these compounds showed that compounds 5a， 5d， and 7 exhibited potent inhibitory activity， with IC₅₀ values of 2.7， 5.7 and 12.1 μmol/L， respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed that these active compounds bind to the active site of α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonds（with ASP382 and HIS326 residues） and π-π stacking interactions（with PHE144 residue）， contributing to high binding affinity（docking score： -32.409 kJ/mol）. This study provides a mild and efficient synthetic method for euparin-derived S-glycosides and identifies promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-diabetic drugs.

The purpose of this study is to screen potential inhibitors targeting monkeypox virus A42R protein through drug reuse strategy to solve the current lack of specific anti-monkeypox drugs. Six candidate compounds with good binding ability to A42R were screened from 9803 small molecules in the ZINC database by molecular docking， molecular dynamics simulation and MM/PBSA（molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area） binding free energy calculation. Among them， ZINC000000538152 with two negative charges has the strongest binding ability（-236.3 kJ/mol）. It forms multiple salt bridges， hydrogen bonds and π-cation interactions with the arginine-rich domain of the A42R protein， which significantly enhances the binding stability. In addition， although ZINC000003935130 is a neutral molecule， it achieves a sub-high binding strength（-102.7 kJ/mol） through strong van der Waals interaction， which is greater than the other three compounds with a negative charge. The conclusion shows that these six compounds are highly potential and can be reused as candidates for A42R inhibitors， because their presence blocks the binding of A42R to actin or phosphatidylinositol-（4，5）-bisphosphate（PIP2）， thereby inhibiting virus spread. This study provides new ideas for the development of monkeypox virus drugs.

In this study， a novel composite descriptor system was suggested， and a high-performance prediction model for the decomposition temperature of energetic materials was constructed. First， molecular structure descriptors based on group contribution were proposed. Then， bond dissociation energy（BDE） was introduced as a key supplementary parameter to quantify the effect of bond strength on decomposition temperature. Finally， RDKit descriptors were generated using the RDKit software， ultimately integrating them into a multidimensional feature set. This feature set was submitted to random forest（RF）， support vector machine（SVM）， and partial least squares（PLS） individually to construct multiple prediction models and conduct a systematic comparison. Among them， the best results were obtained using the model built by RF. Its prediction performance was superior to the results reported in the literature， indicating that the proposed composite descriptors can effectively capture the key factors affecting the decomposition temperature. To further interpret the model and identify critical influencing factors， Shapley additive explanations（SHAP） visualization technology was employed to analyze the optimal model， thereby providing valuable data-driven insights into the thermal stability mechanisms of energetic materials.

Developing high-performance photoelectrodes is crucial for advancing solar energy conversion. This study aims to construct an efficient Schottky junction photoanode by integrating Ti₃C₂T _x MXene nanosheets with rutile TiO₂ nanorod arrays（NRs） to synergistically enhance charge separation and light harvesting. The Ti₃C₂T _x /TiO₂ composite was fabricated by spin-coating Ti₃C₂T _x nanosheets， known for their high conductivity and localized surface plasmon resonance（LSPR）， onto hydrothermally grown TiO₂ NRs. Material characterization techniques， including X-ray diffraction（XRD）， X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）， scanning electron microscopy（SEM）， and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）， confirmed the successful preparation of Ti₃C₂T _x and its uniform deposition on the TiO₂. Photoelectrochemical（PEC） tests revealed that the optimized composite（MT-200） achieved a significant photocurrent density of 1.21 mA/cm² under AM 1.5G illumination， which represents a 51.9% enhancement compared to pristine TiO₂. This performance improvement is attributed to two primary factors. First， the intimate interface between Ti₃C₂T _x and TiO₂ forms an effective Schottky junction， which significantly promotes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Second， the intrinsic LSPR property of Ti₃C₂T _x endows the composite with plasmonic excitation capability. The associated photothermal effect locally elevates the temperature at the reaction interface， thereby further accelerating interfacial reaction kinetics and boosting charge carrier transport. This work demonstrates a promising strategy for enhanced PEC performance through the synergistic integration of Schottky junction and plasmonic effects in a Ti₃C₂T _x /TiO₂ heterostructure.

In this paper， we reported a comprehensive study on MoS₂-based catalysts and their modification for this reaction. First， the effects of different Mo and S precursors as well as hydrothermal conditions on catalytic performance were systematically screened. The optimal catalyst prepared from ammonium tetramolybdate and thiourea at 190 °C delivered a CO₂ conversion of 13.7% with an exceptional CH₃OH selectivity of 82.0%. Subsequent modification revealed that the introduction of Zn significantly boosts CO₂ hydrogenation activity. The 1%Zn/MoS₂ catalyst exhibited the best performance， achieving CO₂ conversion of 14.8% and CH₃OH selectivity of 90.5%. Over 150 h on-stream， the CO₂ conversion remained stable， while CH₃OH selectivity gradually increased and then plateaued. Characterization results showed that the hydrothermally synthesized MoS₂ possessed an average layer number of ca. 5.5， indicative of few-layered nanosheets. The incorporation of Zn not only enhanced H₂ activation， thereby raising CO₂ conversion， but also generated additional sulfur vacancies that are beneficial for the methanol formation. These findings provide crucial guidance for the rational design of robust catalysts with simultaneously high activity， selectivity and stability for conversion of CO₂ to methanol.

The performance of plasma-activated water（PAW） is strongly governed by the composition of reactive species in the liquid phase and their synergistic interactions， while the discharge polarity plays a decisive role in regulating energy injection modes and reaction pathways at the source level. In this work， a gas-liquid two-phase dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） system was employed to systematically compare the effects of positive and negative pulsed polarities on the electrical characteristics， chemical composition， and sterilization performance of PAW under identical applied voltages. The results show that the average power of negative-pulsed discharge is only approximately one-third of that of positive-pulsed discharge； nevertheless， the PAW produced under negative polarity exhibits superior sterilization capability and higher energy efficiency. At an applied voltage of 14 kV， the EEO value of negative-pulsed PAW reaches 17.2 kW·h·m^-³·order^-¹， which is markedly lower than that of positive-pulsed PAW （84.3 kW·h·m^-³·order^-¹）. Fluorescence probe and quantitative analyses reveal that the difference in reactive oxygen species（ROS） generation between the two polarities is minimal， with the negative polarity showing only about 6.7% lower levels， whereas the concentration of reactive nitrogen species（RNS） under negative polarity is increased by approximately 12%. Further mechanistic analysis demonstrates that the enriched RNS significantly enhance the generation kinetics of ONOOH by promoting the coupled reaction between nitrite（NO{}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-}） and hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）， thereby achieving stronger sterilization performance and higher energy efficiency under lower energy input. This disparity is attributed to the lower energy input of the negative pulse， which suppresses the water vaporization at the gas-liquid interface， consequently enhancing the probability of electron collisions with N₂ and promoting the generation and liquid-phase dissolution of negative ions. This study provides new physicochemical insights and methodological strategies for directing liquid-phase reaction pathways via discharge polarity and constructing highly energy-efficient PAW systems.

In this study， titanium mesh supported dendritic platinum（Pt） branch catalyst（Pt _x /Ti ） was synthesized by an in situ electrodeposition method for the efficient butadiene selective hydrogenation， which is driven by electricity with water as the source of intermediate hydrogen ［H］. It shows that the Pt/Ti with 1200 s of electrodeposition （Pt_{1200 s}/Ti） has a superior performance at a current density of -6.25 mA/cm²， reaching a butadiene conversion rate of 73% and a target product Faraday efficiency exceeding 75% after 8 h of time on stream. Further analysis reveals that， at current density below 6.25 mA/cm²， butadiene preferentially adsorbs and reacts with the ［H］ to form butene with high selectivity； with an increase of current density to 6.25—10 mA/cm²， the excessive ［H］ drives the reaction toward over-hydrogenation of butene， leading to decreased selectivity； moreover， at current density above 10 mA/cm²， partial ［H］ atoms are combined to H₂ gas， leading to a significant decrease in the Faraday efficiency. This study provides a direction for designing highly stable， selective olefin hydrogenation electrocatalysts.

In this study， N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan（NDLT）， an amino acid derivative， was introduced as an electrolyte additive to regulate the anode behavior of alkaline aluminum-air batteries（AABs）. The effect mechanism of NDLT on Al alloy anode was systematically investigated through hydrogen evolution measurements， electrochemical tests， full-cell performance evaluation， and microstructural characterization. The results demonstrate that NDLT can adsorb onto the Al alloy surface to form a compact water-blocking protective layer， effectively preventing direct contact between water molecules and the Al surface. This adsorption behavior significantly suppresses Al self-corrosion and parasitic hydrogen evolution reactions（HER）， thereby improving the discharge performance of AABs. Meanwhile， NDLT contributes to the construction of a uniform and stable Al/electrolyte interface， leading to an enhanced discharge potential and improved electrochemical kinetics of the Al anode. In a 4 mol/L NaOH electrolyte， the optimal inhibition concentration of NDLT was determined to be 7 mmol/L， at which the Al anode utilization reached 88.3%. Full-cell tests further revealed that the introduction of 7 mmol/L NDLT increased the energy density from 1550 W·h/kg to 3448 W·h/kg and the capacity density from 1324.9 mA·h/g to 2632.3 mA·h/g. This work provides an effective and environmentally benign electrolyte regulation strategy to enhance the durability and energy output of alkaline AABs， and offers a theoretical basis for the design and development of high-efficiency amino acid-derived additives.

To mimic the dynamic viscoelasticity of the extracellular matrix， the development of artificial materials with mechanical properties similar to those of biological tissues has become an important research direction in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study， hydrogels with tunable viscoelasticity were constructed using dextran and polyethylene glycol（PEG） as polymer backbones， crosslinked through dynamic acylhydrazone bonds formed between aldehyde groups and benzoylhydrazide. To better understand and regulate their mechanical behavior， the effects of key parameters such as pH value， component ratios， PEG molecular weight， and solid content on the gel’s viscoelasticity were systematically investigated. The results showed that gelation occurred fastest under acidic conditions at pH=5（gelation time approximately 13 min）； increasing the content of oxidized dextran enhanced the hydrogel’s viscoelasticity， as indicated by faster stress relaxation ［the time required for the stress to relax to half of its original value（τ_1/2， s）， as low as 246 s］ and increased creep deformation； while increasing the PEG content reduced the hydrogel’s viscoelasticity； at the same solid content， a higher PEG molecular weight also helped to strengthen the hydrogel’s viscoelasticity. Benefiting from the reversible breaking and reconstruction of dynamic acylhydrazone bonds， the hydrogel exhibited excellent energy dissipation capability and showed a stable mechanical response under cyclic loading； at the same time， this dynamic bonding mechanism enabled efficient self-healing at room temperature， with damage interfaces completely disappearing within 6 h. Additionally， the system displayed good shear-thinning behavior and injectability， allowing for smooth extrusion through fine needles， providing significant convenience for applications in minimally invasive implantation and localized delivery in biomedical scenarios.

A fibroblast growth factor mimetic peptide（CFAP1） containing chitosan-binding domain（ChiBD） was first synthesized via the solid-phase synthesis method. The ChiBD sequence in CFAP1 enables specific binding to chitosan-based materials. CFAP1 was blended with carboxymethyl chitosan methacrylate（CCSMA） at an optimized ratio to fabricate a novel wound repair hydrogel through the photo-crosslinking approach. The results demonstrated that the CCSMA@CFAP1 hydrogel exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli（E.coli） and Staphylococcus aureus（S.aureus）， and exhibited prominent antioxidant properties. Meanwhile， this hydrogel could remarkably enhance the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts， as well as upregulate the expression of Type Ⅰ Collagen（COL-1） and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor（VEGF） in the cells. The results of in vivo study indicated that CCSMA@CFAP1 accelerated wound healing by suppressing excessive inflammation， promoting tissue vascularization. After 264 h of repair， the wound healing rate of the CCSMA@CFAP1 group reached 94.68%. Furthermore， the CCSMA@CFAP1 hydrogel possessed favorable biosafety profiles. Collectively， this research provides theoretical and experimental evidence for the application of related materials in wound repair.

Molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics（MD） simulations was employed to investigate the interaction mechanisms between phosphorylated triple-helical linear β-（1→3）-glucan（TH-CP） and dendritic cell- associated C-type lectin-1（Dectin-1）. The results demonstrate that phosphorylation at the O₆ and O_4，6 positions introduces stable potential binding sites on the surface of Dectin-1， enabling TH-CP to form thermodynamically favorable and structurally stable complexes with the receptor. Among the three recognition modes identified at the potential binding site， complexes adopting an epitope recognition pattern exhibit a pronounced binding advantage. This behavior mainly arises from the cooperative interactions between TH-CP and a larger number of surrounding amino acid residues at the potential site， leading to enhanced van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. In addition， multiple hydroxyl groups within the phosphate moieties can act as flexible hydrogen bond donors and acceptors， giving rise to a novel hydrogen-bonding network distinct from that at the classical binding site. As a result， the recognition capability mediated by the potential binding site is comparable to that of unmodified β-（1→3）-glucan interacting with Dectin-1 at the classical binding site.

By establishing a UVB-induced mouse skin photodamage model， the photodamage repairing effect of peony seed oil emulsion（PSOE） was systematically evaluated. In this work， the Franz diffusion cell method was used to compare the skin penetration and retention properties of PSOE and pure peony seed oil（PSO）. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by measuring the intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS） level. An animal model was established to observe skin healing， erythema degree， and elasticity changes， and histopathological analysis（HE and Masson staining） and molecular detection（ELISA and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， and MMP-1） were carried out. The experimental results showed that the cumulative skin penetration amount of PSOE was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of PSO， and the skin retention rate increased by about 4 times. Its ability to scavenge UVB-induced ROS was significantly better than that of the commercial emulsion（CE） and the blank emulsion base（EB）. Animal experiments indicated that the wound healing rate of the PSOE treated group reached（92.31±3.53）% on the 7th day. The infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dermis decreased， the epidermal thickness recovered to nearly the normal level， and the density of collagen fibers increased. Molecular detection results showed that PSOE down-regulated the expression of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， and MMP-1. In conclusion， PSOE effectively repairs UVB-induced skin photodamage through multiple synergistic pathways， including enhancing transdermal delivery， inhibiting oxidative stress， reducing the inflammatory response， promoting collagen regeneration， and regulating matrix metabolism.

Local comprehensive universities face common challenges in training chemistry normal students. These include a disconnect between theory and practice， a narrow scope of practical platforms， superficial integration of ideological and political education， and a lack of mechanisms for cultivating innovative competence. Shenzhen University， leveraging its strengths in interdisciplinary integration and research platforms， has developed a “Four- in-One” training system. This system is guided by ideological education， centered on practical application， supported by research integration， and sustained by collaborative mechanisms. Through a three-dimensional empowerment approach focusing on “values-competence-innovation” the university has forged a distinctive reform pathway. The system is led by Party-building initiatives. It deeply integrates ideological education into curriculum， practice， and research activities. A three-tiered practical training framework “foundational， contextual， and comprehensive” has been established using the “Smart and Fun Science” public service platform. A bidirectional mechanism is also in place， where research empowers teaching and teaching feeds back into research. Remarkable results have been achieved over the past three years. The outstanding performance rate in teacher ethics assessment reached 100%. Employer satisfaction with teaching competence stood at 95%. The average employment rate was 94%. In the future， this program will continue to explore integrated modules combining artificial intelligence with chemistry teaching. It will collaborate with universities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to form a practice education alliance. Graduate follow-up and feedback mechanisms will be improved. These efforts aim to align training quality with the evolving needs of basic education.