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    24 December 2004, Volume 25 Issue 12
    Articles
    Preparation and Sustained Release of a New Water-soluble Drug Carrier System Captopril/Si-MCM-41
    QU Feng-Yu, ZHU Guang-Shan, HUANG Shi-Ying, LI Shou-Gui, QIU Shi-Lun
    2004, 25(12):  2195-2198. 
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    Water-soluble anti-hypertension drug Captopril was incorporated in Si-MCM-41 channel by using impregnation wetness method, the mass fraction of drug[m(drug)/m(Si-MCM-41)] was 33.99%. Captopril/Si-MCM-41 assembly was characterized by XRD, IR, UV-visible technique. The sustained release profile was observed by soaking the assembly in vitro simulated stomach fluid. The results suggest that a Captopril/Si-MCM-41 sustained release system was obtained.
    Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Double Perovskite-type Oxide, Ba2SmSbO6
    ZHENG Wen-Jun, HUANG Hong-Bo, WU Li-Yan, XIA Yuan-Fu
    2004, 25(12):  2199-2203. 
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    Hydrothermal technique was used for the synthesis of double perovskite-type oxide Ba2SmSbO6 and the crystal structure was refined by Rietveld using GSAS software. The Ba2SmSbO6 compound has a cubic symmetry(space group Fm3m) with cell parameters a= 0.850 97(20) nm and V= 0.616 23(25) nm3, and it shows an ordered arrangement of Sm and Sb ions. The synthesized Ba2SmSbO6 was characterized by XRD, IR, ICP, XPS and 121Sb Mössbauer spectrum methods. The results indicated that the molar ratio of n(Ba):n(Sm):n(Sb) is closing to 2:1:1, and the antimony valence state is +5.
    Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Nano-NaBiO3
    PAN Jun-Qing, WAN Ping-Yu, SUN Yan-Zhi, WANG Zi-Hao, LIU Xiao-Guang
    2004, 25(12):  2204-2207. 
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    Nano-NaBiO3 crystals were prepared by oxidizing Bi(NO3)3 in strongly alkaline concentrated sodium hypochlorite solution with a strong agitation. The results indicates that the particle size and dispersity of the intermediate product, Bi(OH)3, are the key factors for the preparation of NaBiO3. The optimal synthesis conditions were obtained through studying the influence of the concentration of sodium hypochlorite and bismuth nitrate solution and reaction time on the purity and granularity of NaBiO3. The structure of NaBiO3 was characterized by TEM, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. The analysis results reveal that the product is NaBiO3·2H2O and its particle size is 30~50 nm.
    Synthesis of Nanometer Amino Acid Heteropoly Charge-transfer Complex (HPhe)3PMo12O40·2H2O by One Step Solid State Reaction at Room Temperature
    WANG Rui-Ying, LIU Lang, JIA Dian-Zeng, LUO Jian-Min, FAN Zhao-Tian
    2004, 25(12):  2208-2211. 
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    A nanometer amino acid heteropoly charge-transfer complex was synthesized from Keggin structure phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40·13H2O) and phenylalanine(Phe) by one step solid state reaction at room temperature. The title compound was characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, XRD, TEM, UV and CV. The results indicate that the sizes of the compound are in the range of 30-40 nm. The heteropoly anion still remains its Keggin structure in the product molecules. A sizeable electron-transfer interaction occurs between phosphomolybdic acid and phenylalanine. The electrochemical behavior of the compound in 1 mol/L H2SO4 shows that three redox waves correspond to three two-electron processes attributing to the reduction of PMo12O403- . Solid state reaction at room temperature is a convenient synthetic method for nanomaterials and may provide a new path to synthesize nanometer amino acid heteropoly complex.
    Preparation of FePt Nanoparticle Monolayer by Langmuir-Blogett Method
    WANG Ying, ZHANG Xiao-Yan, CAI Bing-Chu, ZHANG Ya-Fei
    2004, 25(12):  2212-2214. 
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    The monolayer film of FePt nanoparticles with the mean size about 4 nm was fabricated on a silicon substrate by the Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) technology. The properties of the monolayer film were characterized by π-A isotherms, atomic force microscope(AFM) and small-angle X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the monolayer of FePt nanoparticles has a smooth surface and a dense structure as shown by the AFM image. Small-angle X-ray diffraction(SXRD) measurement of multilayer structure for the FePt nanoparticles indicated that the superlattices consist of well-defined smooth layers.
    Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of a New Three-dimensional Vanadium(Ⅲ) Phosphite
    WANG Li, SHI Su-Hua, XU Jia-Ning, LI Guang-Hua, YU Lian-Xiang, SONG Tian-You
    2004, 25(12):  2215-2217. 
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    A new vanadium(Ⅲ) phosphite [V2(HPO3)3(H2O)3]·H2O was synthesized hydrothermally by using V2O5, H3PO3 and triethylamine as the reactants. The as-synthesized product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and ICP analysis. The result of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the title compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21(No.4) with the parameters a=0.783 9(2) nm, b=1.020 6(3) nm, c=0.824 7(2) nm, β= 112.510(4)°, V= 0.609 6(3) nm3, Z=2. Its structure is built up by alternation of octahedral VO5(H2O), VO4(H2O)2 and pseudo-pyramidal HPO3 units to generate a three-dimensional framework structure where there exist water molecules.
    Synthesis and Crystal Structure Characterization of a 3D Inorganic-organic Hybrid Framework Microporous Compound Mn3(BTC)2(bpy)(EG)(DMF)·(DMF)·1/3(C2H5OH)
    FANG Qian-Rong, ZHU Guang-Shan, DING Hong, XUE Ming, XIN Ming-Hong, WU Gang, TIAN Ge, QIU Shi-Lun
    2004, 25(12):  2218-2220. 
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    The title compound Mn3(BTC)2(bpy)(EG)(DMF)·(DMF)·1/3(C2H5OH)(BTC=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, bpy=4,4′-bipyridine, EG=ethylene glycol, DMF=dimethylformamide) was synthesized under mild conditions and its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system and belongs to space group P21/n with a= 1.637 2(3) nm, b=1.481 4(3) nm, c=1.838 4(4) nm, β=113.70(3)°, V=4.082 5(14) nm3, Z=4, Dc=1.508 Mg/m3, Mr=958.85, μ=1.001 mm-1, F(000)=1 920. R1=0.098 5, wR2= 0.218 3. Its structure reveals that Mn(Ⅱ) centers and the carboxylate groups of BTC construct 1D O-C-O-Mn chains. Then, adjacent chains are interlinked by benzene rings of BTC to form a novel 3D architecture. It contains eight-membered rings channels that are about 0.8 nm×0.8 nm viewed along the (101) direction. In addition, it is believed that the bpy acts as both an organic ligand and a structure-directing agent in the synthesis of the title compound.
    Interaction Between DNA and a Novel Ferrocenyl-containing Ruthenium(Ⅱ) Polypyridyl Complex
    HAN Mei-Jiao, WANG Ke-Zhi, LÜ Yuan-Yuan, GAO Li-Hua
    2004, 25(12):  2221-2223. 
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    A novel ruthenium polypyridyl complex of [Ru(bpy)2(FcIP)](PF6)2(bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, FcIP=2-ferrocenyl-imidazo[4,5-f]-1, 10-phenanthroline) was synthesized and characterized by elementary analysis and 1H NMR. The binding of the complex to calf thymus(ct) DNA was investigated with absorption and luminescence spectroscopy titrations, steady-state emission quenching, and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that the complex acted as a ct-DNA intercalator with an intrinsic binding constant of (2.0±0.4)×10 5L/mol in buffered 50 mmol/L NaCl.
    Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of an Open-framework Thiozincogermanate with a Cristobalite Topology
    ZHU Yang-Chun, YE Ling, BAIYIN Meng-He, LIU Xin, AN Yong-Lin
    2004, 25(12):  2224-2226. 
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    An open-framework thiozincogermanate was solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal diffraction. The crystal crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I-42d with a=1.106 31(16) nm, c=1.914 6(4) nm, V=2.343 3(7) nm3, Z=16, Dc=1.550 g·cm-3, R= 0.054 2, wR=0.095 7. The structure is composed of supertetrahedron A4S104- (A=Zn or Ge) linked together by bridging sulfur atoms to produce a cristobalite topology, all Ge atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated, sulfur atoms have 2-coordinations, and Zn atoms replace Ge atoms in the framework. The compound has 1D channels along a (or b) direction with pore sizes of 1.064 nm×0.846 nm. UV-Vis reflectance spectrum show that the compound is a semiconductor with a optical gap of 3.0 eV. TG-DSC results indicate that this open-framework has a good stability in nitrogen.
    A Neural Classifier for Identifying the Quality of Chinese Medicinal Materials Based on Stepwise Correlative Components Analysis
    FAN Xiao-Hui, CHENG Yi-Yu
    2004, 25(12):  2227-2231. 
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    A neural classifier based on stepwise correlative component analysis, named SCCA-HBP, for classifying the quality pattern of Chinese Medicinal Materials(CMM) is proposed. The chemical pattern features are extracted by stepwise acquirement of the class correlative components from chromatographic analysis dataset with a high dimension, and then are used as the inputs in the neural classifier to reduce the dimension of input variables. Further, a hybrid BP algorithm with dead interval of error is derived for training the neural classifier in order to increase training speed and classification accuracy. The performance of the neural classifier is tested by using a set of 32 Angelica samples with different quality grades. The classification accuracy of SCCA-HBP is 100%, better than PCA-BP( 84.4%) and SCCA-BP(90.6%). Moreover, the training time of HBP is 54.2% of the cost obtained with BP algorithm.
    Stepwise Dilution Method for the Study of Matrix Effects in ICP-MS
    HE Man, HU Bin, JIANG Zu-Cheng
    2004, 25(12):  2232-2237. 
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    A new method of stepwise dilution was proposed to study the matrix effects in the determination of REEs by ICP-MS. The highest tolerant level of matrix obtained by this method coincided with that obtained by the conventional method. Trace REEs in different samples were determined directly by ICP-MS without the use of internal standard and matrix matching and the determined values are in a good agreement with the certified values. Stepwise dilution method is a potential method in practical analysis with the advantages such as simplicity for operation, low cost, no need for higher purity matrix, without the use of internal standard and suitable to any other samples with complicated matrix.
    A New Biochemical Method for Protein Separation Based on Gold Nanotubule Membrane
    HUANG Shan-Sheng, YIN Yue-Fen, WANG Ke-Min, HE Xiao-Xiao, ZHONG Tong-Sheng
    2004, 25(12):  2238-2241. 
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    Gold nanotubule membranes with about 55 nm of diameter were prepared by chemical deposition of gold on polycarbonate templates membrane. After being modified by cysteine and guanide thiocyanate, the nanomembranes were studied with BSA and IgG as the model molecules. The results show that guanide thiocyanate facilitated transporting of BSA by 30 to 50 times because of hydrophilic and denaturalization effects whereas IgG almost retained its′ transporting speed. Then the separation processes were carried out and separation degrees of 31.6 and 23.1 were obtained for cysteine and guanide thiocyanate modified gold nanotubules, respectively at pH 4.5. The results indicate that gold nanotubule membranes has a good separating capability for protein.
    Analysis of Oligonucleotide and Protein via Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry Using 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole as an Effective Matrix
    ZHOU Li-Hua, DENG Hui-Min, DENG Qin-Ying, ZHAO Shan-Kai
    2004, 25(12):  2242-2246. 
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    Using 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole as a matrix, the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric study of oligonucleotide and protein was carried out. The results show that 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole has a high efficiency in desorbing and ionizing oligonucleotide and protein molecules. In the positive-ion mode, resolution over 10 000 of pd(T)10, pd(C)10, pd(A)8, pd(G)10 and pd(5′ATC GAT CGA T 3′) can be obtained; 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole is as effective as the commonly used matrices such as α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(HCCA) and 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(SA) for the analysis of proteins. In the negative-ion mode, the molecular ion signal of oligonucleotide with molecular mass of over 7 000 can be recorded at a high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis by utilizing 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole as a matrix shows the tolerance to alkali metal cations to a certain extent.
    Establishment of Offline 2D-LC-MS System and Its Application to Human Liver Proteomics
    WANG Jing, XU Xue-Jiao, YU Yan-Ling, LIU Yin-Kun, YANG Peng-Yuan,
    2004, 25(12):  2247-2249. 
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    A lab-made off line 2D-LC-MS system was developed for protein analysis. In case the off line 2D-LC was utilized for peptide separation, and the working conditions for strong cation exchange(SCX) chromatography and the succeeding reversed phase(RP) chromatography can be individually optimized, contrasted to the on-line system. The experimental results show that the mass fractions of acetonitrile for the SCX separation can be increased form 5% as references reported up to 20% so that the separation of peptides has been substantially improved. The off line system has been applied to the analysis of proteins extracted from the cancer tissue of nude mice inoculated by a human-hepatocellular-carcinoma cell-line D20. Some extreme basic proteins(pI>10) and larger proteins(Mw>200 000), which are difficult to be isolated by the traditional 2D-PAGE method, have been identified in D20 sample.
    Preparation Approach of Monolithic Silica Column
    GAO Wen-Hui, YANG Geng-Liang, YANG Jing, LIU Hai-Yan, YIN Jun-Fa, CHEN Yi
    2004, 25(12):  2250-2252. 
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    A new approach of preparing monolithic silica column was founded by adopting an improved sol-gel technology with tetramethoxysilane and polyethylene glycol as the matrix materials. The reason of resulting in crack and deformation of monolithic column was explained. By using N,N-dimethylformamide and a heat treatment procedure, the problems of crack and deformation in preparing the column were solved and the drying time was shortened greatly. In addition, the methods of fabricating mesopore and the effects of porogen solvent of different concentrations on monolithic silica column were investigated. The results show that the column prepared possessed bimodal pores structures with micrometer-size co-continuous through-pores and silica skeletons which have nanometer-size mesopores, straight appearance, high porosity, good chemical and mechanical stability. The characteristics would favour the separation with a rapid speed and high efficiency for both small molecules and macromolecules.
    Configuration and Property Evaluation of a Novel Plastic Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip with Electrochemical Detection System
    CHEN Zhi-Feng, GAO Yun-Hua, LI Cheng-Wu, LIN Jin-Ming
    2004, 25(12):  2253-2255. 
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    A poly(methyl methacrylate)-based capillary electrophoresis microchip, integrated with a microelectrode-based end-column amperometric detection, was described. A short unclosed portion of the separation channel from the detection cell was used as a working-electrode guide channel. With the aid of a three-dimension micropositioner and an optical microscope, a home-made 6 μm carbon-fiber microdisk electrode(tip diameter of 20 μm) was positioned along the guide channel at 30 μm distance from the channel outlet. With dopamine and catechol the as model analytes, the analytical performance of the system was demonstrated and the detection limit of 1.6×10-7mol/L for dopamine was achieved, to our knowledge, which is the lowest value than that from published literatures using electrophoresis microchip with end-column amperometric detection.
    Determination of Sinomenine in Sinomenium acutum and Sinomenium Tablets by Capillary Electrophoresis with High Frequency Conductivity Detector
    ZHAI Hai-Yun, WANG Jun-Mei, CHEN Zuan-Guang XU Jian-Jun, CAI Pei-Xiang, MO Jin-Yuan
    2004, 25(12):  2256-2258. 
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    A method based on capillary electrophoresis with a high frequency conductivity detection was developed for the determination of Sinomenine. The key factors for separation and determination were studied and the best analysis conditions were obtained. In the buffer of 2.0 mmol/L HAc-3.0 mmol/L NaAc-10.0% CH3OH at a separation voltage of 22 kV, Sinomenine in the sample could be separated and detected within 4 min. The linear mass concentration of Sinomenine is in the range of 1.0-36.0 μg/mL, the limit of detection reached 0.20 μg/mL. The method was used for the analysis of Sinomenine in Sinomenium acutum and tablets satisfactorily with a recovery of 96%-102%.
    Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Phenylsulfonylurea Derivatives
    MA Ning, LI Peng-Fei, LI Yong-Hong, LI Zheng-Ming, WANG Ling-Xiu, WANG Su-Hua
    2004, 25(12):  2259-2262. 
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    In order to develop new herbicidal active structures and research the structure-activity relationship, on the basis of the known monosubstituted phenylsulfonylureas with a high activity we designed and synthesized 14 novel sulfonylurea compounds with a single substituting group, such as alkoxy, alkylthio and alkylamino in the pyrimidine ring. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR spectra data and elemental analysis. Herbicidal activitiy including IC50 was determined by rape root length experiment and pot experiment. The results show that the variation of 4- substituting group of the pyrimidine ring affects the activity of the compounds respectively. Herbicidal activity decreases in the sequence of alkoxy, alkylthio and alkylamino substituent.
    Spectrum, Morphological and Thermal Characteristics of OTPS 2-1 in Polysaccharides from Oolong Tea
    NI De-Jiang, CHEN Yu-Qiong, XIE Bi-Jun, ZHANG Yun, ZHOU Ji-Rong
    2004, 25(12):  2263-2268. 
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    OTPS 2-1, a main constituent of OTPS, was obtained by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. It was found that OTPS 2-1 was a trinal compound of polysaccharide containing rich uronic acid and little protein by using methods of UV, IR, GC, HPLC and GPC-LLS. The results showed that the average molecular weight of OTPS 2-1 was 8.877×104, and it was composed of Gal, Glu, Ara, Fuc and Rha with a molar ratio of 7.58:2.14:7.05:1.76:1.02. By using the technique of AMF, QELS, CD and LSCM, the three-dimensional conformation and solution behavior were studied. The results also showed that the molecule of OTPS 2-1 twisted each other, which formed short stick of 0.2-0.5 μm in diameter and 0.3-0.6 μm in length with a strong fluorescent light. The conformation could be changed by the factors of pH, ion intensity and complex compound. By using SEM, the folding and curling image under low-powered microscope, but smooth figure under high-powered microscope were also observed. Thermal analysis of OTPS 2-1 also indicated that there appeared 3 endothermic peaks and 3 exothermic peaks during heating.
    Preface
    Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Ion Recognition of 2,3-Bis (2-pyrrole amide)methylquinoxaline as a Novel Fluoride Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor
    YANG Wen-Zhi, YIN Zhen-Ming, HE Jia-Qi, CHENG Jin-Pei
    2004, 25(12):  2269-2272. 
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    In the last two decades, the research of the anion recognition has bloomed splendidly. The strong influence of the anion in the field of biological system, industry and every day life made the qualitative and quantitative research in anion recognition more and more important. After realizing the important role played by anions in biology and environment, various anions recognition hosts were synthesized. Herein, we report the synthesis of a quinoxaline based compound, namely 2,3-bis(2-pyrrole amide)methylquinoxaline(2) through seven steps reaction. The crystal structure of compound 2 was studied. The fluoride recognition propriety of compound 2 was studied by monitoring the perturbation of the UV-Vis and the fluorescent spectra of the host upon the addition of anion. The result show that compound 2 can recognize fluoride in DMSO efficiently, and the main recognition sites are pyrrole NHs and amide NHs.
    Articles
    Uptake, Translocation and Distribution of 14C-Labelled Oligosaccharides in Watermelon Seedling
    FENG Jian-Jun, LI Jian-Qiang, LIU Xi-Li, NING Jun, KONG Fan-Zuo
    2004, 25(12):  2273-2277. 
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    Uptake, translocation, and distribution of 14C-labelled oligosaccharides in watermelon seedling were investigated by the means of radioactive isotope tracer. The autoradiograph experiment showed that oligosaccharides could fast be absorbed by the watermelon seedling after it was supplied through leaf or root. The translocation of the oligosaccharides in leaf trended from the margin to the center. After treatment by leaf-dripping for 8 h and treatment by root-dipping for 24 h, the oligosaccharides translocated and distributed in whole watermelon seedling, indicating that 14C-labelled oligosaccharides have a strong ability to spread and translocate downwards or upwards in the seedling. During 4 h to 120 h after the treatment by leaf-dripping, the specific activity of root, others(stem and indirectly treated leaf in the whole seedling) transformed from 0.18×105 and 23.08×105 Bq/kg to 0.32×105 and 3.02×105 Bq/kg, respectively. As a whole, the trend of distribution and downward translocation was weak. During 4 h to 120 h after the treatment by root-dipping, the specific activity of root, stem, cotyledon, and true leaf transformed from22.23×105, 2.23×105, 8.33×105 and 12.78×105 Bq/kg to 431.11×105, 42.23×105, 65.57×105 and 78.89×105 Bq/kg, respectively, suggesting a strong accumulation trend above the ground and upward translocation activity of 14C-oligosaccharides in watermelon seedling.
    Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-Ethylamino-6H-5-(1-phenyl-3- methyl/phenyl-5-pyrazolone-4-ylene)-1,3,4-Thiadiazine
    PENG Bang-Hua, LIU Guang-Fei, LIU Lang, JIA Dian-Zeng, YU Kai-Bei
    2004, 25(12):  2278-2283. 
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    Two novel pyrazolone derivatives 2-ethylamino-6H-5-(1-phenyl-3-methyl/phenyl-5-pyrazolone-4-ylene)-1,3,4-thiadiazine(PMCP-ETSC/DPCP-ETSC)containing NNS six-membered heterocycles were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 1-phenyl-3-methyl/phenyl-4-chloroacetyl-pyrazolone-5 with 4-ethylthiosemicarbazide. The title compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of PMCP-ETSC belongs to the monoclinic system, space group Pm with the lattice parameters a= 0.794 7(1) nm, b= 0.834 8(1) nm, c=1.199 0(2) nm, β=106.07(1)°, V=0.772 69(2) nm3, Z=2, Dc=1.356 g/cm3, μ=0.219 mm-1, F(000)=332, R=0.029 8, wR=0.070 4. The X-ray analysis showed that one-dimentional concatenate structure was formed along the c axis by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The crystal of DPCP-ETSC belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pna2 1, and its lattice parameters are as follows: a=1.147 8(2) nm, b=1.354 5(2) nm, c= 1.199 4(2) nm, V=1.864 6(4) nm3, Z=4, Dc=1.345 g/cm3, μ=0.194 mm-1, F(000)=792, R=0.034 5, wR= 0.069 4. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds led to the formation of chain-like one-dimensional compound along c axis and extended along ab plane to form the wave-like supramolecular structure.
    Hemperfusion Adsorbents With Lysine as Ligand for Removing of Endotoxin
    LIU Tao, HOU Guang-Hui, YU Mei, YUAN Zhi, LIU Bin, ZHAO Cheng-Mei, SHEN Bin, WANG Yan-Ming, WANG Shen-Qi
    2004, 25(12):  2284-2286. 
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    Endotoxin is lipopolysaccharide(LPS) derived from the cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria. The concentration of endotoxin in endotoxemia patients′ blood increases quickly and leads to severe sepsis, leading to severe hypertension, cardiovascular continues to have a high failure and death, which is a major cause of death in patients and continues to have a high mortality despite appropriate surgery, potent antibiotic and intensive supportive therapy was conducted. Removal of endotoxin duly and effectually from patients′ blood is very important in clinic. Hemoperfusion can clear toxins from patient′s blood by adsorbent, not only small molecular toxins but also large ones in time. In this paper, the hemoperfusion adsorbent for removing endotoxin was prepared. The physical and chemical parameter of the adsorbent is investigated and the surface structure of adsorbent was investigated through ESEM. The influence of weights of adsorbents and adsorbing time on adsorption ability was also studied. The results showed that the adsorbent with lysine as the ligand had good affinity to endotoxin and the best adsorption capacity of it was 253.1 EU/g when the initial concentration is 10 EU/mL. The blood compatibility of the adsorbent was also studied and the results indicated that the adsorbent has clinic application foreground.
    Synthesis of Five-coordinated Anionic Tin(Ⅳ) Complexes and Crystal Structure of [C5H5NH][Ph2Sn(μ2-SCH2COO)Cl] and [PhMeNH2][Ph2Sn(μ2-SCH2COO)Cl]
    ZHONG Gui-Yun, SONG Hai-Bin, XIE Qing-Lan, SUN Li-Juan
    2004, 25(12):  2287-2289. 
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    Five-coordinated anionic tin(Ⅳ) complexes with the form [Ph2Sn(μ2-SCH2COO)Cl]·[R nNH4-n] were synthesized by the reaction of mercaptoacetic acid with diphenyltin dichloride in the presence of organic amines. All of the compounds synthesized were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR. The crystal structures of [C5H5NH][Ph2Sn(μ2-SCH2COO)Cl](6) and [PhMeNH2]· [Ph2Sn(μ2-SCH2COO)Cl](8) were determined by X-ray diffraction. In the crystal structure, there were trigonal bipyramid geometries with five-coordinated tin atom and hydrogen-bonding interaction between anionic and cationic ions. Crystals of compound 6 were monoclinic, space group P21/n, a= 1.034 7(4) nm, b=1.396 8(5) nm, c=1.405 6(5) nm, β=95.366(6)°, Z=4; Crystals of compound 8 were monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=0.922 9(3) nm, b=1.334 5(5) nm, c= 1.838 5(7) nm, β=93.673(7)°, Z=4.
    Theoretical Studies on Interaction Between the Calix[4]pyrrole and Anion Complex Systems--Density Functional Theory on the Calix[4]pyrrole-halide Anion Complex System
    CHEN Pei-Quan, SUN Hong-Wei, CHEN Lan, SHEN Rong-Xin, YUAN Man-Xue, LAI Cheng-Ming,
    2004, 25(12):  2290-2294. 
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    The density functional theory B3LYP/LANL2DZ methods were performed on the lowest energy conformation of free calix[4]pyrrole and the calix[4]pyrrole-halide anion complexes. The calculated results indicated that the interaction between calix[4]pyrrole and halide anions mainly involved hydrogen bonds interaction. The calculated results also implied the regular changes in molecular geometry features, in the differences of charge transfer, of frontier orbital energies, and of bonding, and in the thermochemistry parameters in recognition. These induced that the interaction between calix[4]pyrrole and halide anions decreased along the halide elemental period.
    Theoretical Studies of Electronic Structures, Electronic Spectra and Substituent Effect in Cyclometalated Phenylpyridine Ir(Ⅲ) Complex and Its Derivatives Using Density Functional Theory
    LIU Xiao-Dong, REN Ai-Min, FENG Ji-Kang, YANG Li, YANG Bing, SUN Chia-Chung
    2004, 25(12):  2295-2298. 
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    The ground state and electronic spectra in the Ir(Ⅲ) complex Ir(ppy)3[where ppy=2-phenylpyridine], an important phosphorescent material, and its derivatives were studied by using density functional theory(DFT) B3LYP/LanL2dz in programme Gaussian 98. The effects of substituted groups on energies and gaps of HOMO-LUMO were discussed. It is found that electron-withdrawing substituent(-CN) makes both orbital energies and gaps of HOMO-LUMO decrease, whereas electron-releasing substituent(-OCH3) makes orbital energies increase and gaps of HOMO-LUMO relatively unvaried.
    Influence of Space Length on the Intermicellar Interaction of Gemini Surfactants
    WU Zhang-Feng, XU Xiao-Ming, ZHANG Chun-Yan, HAN Guo-Bin
    2004, 25(12):  2299-2303. 
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    The method of conductivity was employed to determine the ionizability of the DTAB micelle and Gemini surfactants micelle and the method of dynamic lighting scatter was used to determine the diffusing coefficients of surfactants micelles. According to the DLVO theory, we discussed the influence of the spacer length and ionic strength on the intermicellar interactions. The results show that spacers have influence on the ionizability and density of charge of the micelles, and then affect the intermicellar interactions. The degree of the influence depends on the ability of attracting electrons of spacers and the charge′s overlapping degree of the two headgroups in the Gemini surfactants. The influence on the intermicellar interactions which was caused by ionic strength can be divided into two aspects: at a low ionic strength, the net intermicellar interactions is repulsive, and it is unfavorable to the growth of micelles; but at a high ionic strength, the net intermicellar interactions is attractive, and it is favorable to the growth of micelles.
    Influence of Micro-and Nano-structures on the Hydrophobicity of the Surface of Alumina Modified with Fluoroalkylsilane
    CHEN Xin-Hua, MA Yong-Mei, LI Xin-Hong, JIANG Lei, WANG Fo-Song
    2004, 25(12):  2304-2307. 
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    The wettability of solid surfaces, governed by both the chemical composition and the geometrical microstructure of the surface, is a very important property. It is reported that the hydrophobicity of a surface can be enhanced by the nano-structures or micro-structures because air that is trapped between the droplet and the solid surface minimizes the contact area. However, few studies involving the relationship between the hydrophobicity of a surface and the micro- and nano-structures have been reported. Herein, we prepared some micro- and nano-structures with a simple method, the influence of the structures on the hydrophobicity of the surface was given. Some micro- and nano-structures were constructed by etching the porous alumina membrane with NaOH solution. Then, the surfaces of smooth alumina, porous alumina membrane and the micro-and nanostructures were modified with fluoroalkylsilane(FAS-17). The wettability of the modified surfaces were studied by contact angle method and their morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The contact angle for water of the micro-and nanostructured surface(149°±2°) was much higher than that of the nano-structured surface (141°±2°) and the smooth surface(101°±1°). It was indicated that the micro-and nano-structure surfaces showed a more excellent property in improving the hydrophobicity than that of the other structured surfaces. The result of XPS analysis was also reported.
    Preparation of TiO2 Nano-materials Using Gelator Aggregation as Template and Its Properties
    JU Wei-Gang, ZHANG Xiao-Hong, WU Shi-Kang
    2004, 25(12):  2308-2311. 
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    A cholesterol ester compound with positive charges used as a gelator was synthesized. The aggregation behavior of this compound in solvents was studied. Its supra-molecular aggregation was used as a template for the preparation of one-dimensional TiO2 nano-materials through the sol-gel process. Different molar ratios of gelator to TiO2 were applied to the preparation of nano-materials in the experiments. The size and the shape of TiO2 nano-materials were observed by means of scanning electronic microscopy. The results indicated that the molar ratio of the precusor to the gelator in the experiments is an important factor for the success of the template transcription. The CD spectrum of the gel was recorded for confirming the relationship between the chiral molecular structure and the aggregated gel. The XRD results demonstrate that the TiO2 nano-materials possess the anatase form of crystals. Primary photo-catalytic experiments were also carried out in this work for testing the photo-activity of the nanomaterials obtained by the bleaching process of dyestuff.
    Heterotactic Enthalpic Interaction of Intramolecules in α-Amino Acids-n-Butanol-Water Ternery Systems at 298.15 K
    ZHU Yan, PANG Xian-Hong, CHENG Xue-Li, YU Li, CAO Xiao-Qun
    2004, 25(12):  2312-2316. 
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    Mixing and dilution heterotactic enthalpies of aqueous n-butanol solutions and aqueous amino acids(glycine, L-alanine, L-proline, L-valine) solutions were determined at 298.15 K by flow microcalorimetric system of 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. The data were analyzed by using the McMillan-Mayer theory to obtain the enthalpic interaction coefficients. The interaction between different amino acids and n-butanol molecules has been discussed. It is demonstrated that hxy values between amino acids and the n-butanol depend on the structure of amino acids. The contributions of different side-groups of amino acids to hxy are different.The five-membered pyrrole ring of proline have a larger effect on hxy. The hydrophobicity of n-butanol is much greater than that of urea or monomethylurea.
    Brownian Dynamics Simulation of Self-diffusion Coefficients of Electrolyte Solutions
    SHI Hong-Bing, YU Yang-Xin, GAO Guang-Hua
    2004, 25(12):  2317-2321. 
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    Brownian dynamics simulation is carried out to study the electrolyte solution. We take into account the effect of hydrodynamic interactions and combine an acceptance criterion known from the Smart Monte Carlo method with the traditional method. As a result, unrealistic movements are avoided and overlapping configurations are prevented, furthermore, bigger time step can be applied. The solvent-averaged interaction potential between the ions is modeled by pairwise repulsive soft-core interactions and Coulomb forces which is handled by Ewald Summation Technique. The radial distribution function g +-(r), g ++(r) and g --(r) are obtained and compared with that from HNC integral equation and simulations available in literature. Self-diffusion coefficients of ions are obtained with the equivalent Green-Kubo expressions derived from the linear response theory on the Smoluchowski Level. The results are in good agreement with those from experiments.
    Enhanced Photo-luminescence Effect of Nano-CdS in the Nano-CdS/PANI Composite Films by PANI
    XI Yan-Yan, ZHOU Jian-Zhang, ZHANG Yan, DONG Ping, CAI Cheng-Dong, HUANG Huai-Guo, LIN Zhong-Hua
    2004, 25(12):  2322-2326. 
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    CdS/PANI(poly-aniline) composite film was prepared by the current impulse electrodeposition on the PANI/PATP(p-aminothiophenol)/Au. The structure and performances were characterized by means of SEM and UV-Vis, IR, Raman, fluorescence and XPS spectroscopies. The CdS nano-particles in the nano-CdS/PANI composite films show the size quantization effect and the enhanced photoluminescence effect by PANI. The photo-generated carriers transfer mechanism from PANI into nano-CdS was proposed to explain the effect. The chemical interaction between NH-groups of PANI chains and S 2- ions of nano-CdS is found.
    Effect of Different Electrode Materials on Electrooxidation of Bromide Ion
    WANG Hai-Tao, ZHANG Heng-Bin, CAO Xue-Jing, YU Jian-Guo, LIN Hai-Bo
    2004, 25(12):  2327-2330. 
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    By the measurement of cyclic voltammetry and current efficiency at PbO2, Pt, graphite and two kinds of DSA electrodes, it was found that the electrocatalysis behaviour of Br - oxidation at different electrode materials is different, the results of Br - oxidation in an acidic solution and a neutral solution are also different. The best conditions for Br - oxidation are to use PbO2 electrode in a neutral solution, the highest current efficiency is 96.1%, moreover, the initial oxidation potential is lower, but the oxidation current is higher.
    Electrochemical Hydrogenation Mechanism of 6-Amino-5-nitroso- 1,3-dimethyluracil on Pt Electrode
    ZHENG Xiang-Long, HU Xi-En
    2004, 25(12):  2331-2334. 
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    The electrochemical hydrogenation mechanism of 6-amino-5-nitroso-1,3-dimethyluracil on Pt electrode was studied by steady state polarization, cyclic voltammetry and constant-potential coulometry. One irreversible peak was found in the range of -600_-800 mV(vs. Hg/Hg2SO4) by cyclic voltammetry in pH=3 aqueous solution. The number of electrons involved in the electrochemical reaction was 4. One electron and one hydrogen ion were involved in the rate-determined step of electron transfer process. The reaction was controlled by diffusion and the reaction rate increased with increasing temperature and stirring speed and with decreasing pH.
    Theoretical Studies on Electronic Spectrum and Third-order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Centrosymmetric Pyrazine Derivatives
    QIU Yong-Qing, YU Hai-Ying, SU Zhong-Min, ZHAO Liang, WANG Rong-Shun, ZHU Yu-Lan,
    2004, 25(12):  2335-2338. 
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    Using quantum chemistry ab initio HF and semiempirical ZINDO-SOS methods, electronic spectrum and third-order nonlinear optical coefficients of pyrazine and its derivatives were systematically investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of conjugated chain length, the maximum wavelength and nonlinear optical coefficients increase while the energy gap of the frontier molecular orbital decreases. And the substituent effects were also discussed. If a typical electron-acceptor group such as _NO2 was introduced into the molecule, owing to the conjugation influence on the system with N and O atoms, the third order nonlinear optical coefficients are larger than the molecule substituted by an electron-donor group such as _NH2.
    A Stochastic-thermodynamic Measurement for Irreversibility Arising in Non-equilibrium Chemical Reaction Systems at Steady States Departing from the Detailed Balance
    ZHAO Nan-Rong, LI Lin-Li, LUO Jiu-Li
    2004, 25(12):  2339-2344. 
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    A Criterion to identify the non-equilibrium chemical reaction systems at steady states departed from the detailed balance was constructed successfully at the stochastic level. Based on the Fokker-Planck equation, we have established a stochastic entropy balance equation for the non-equilibrium systems undergoing continuous Markov processes. Along with this balance we further decompose the time evolution of the stochastic entropy into two contributions in the stochastic state space: the stochastic entropy production and the conjugate flow. Furthermore, it has turned out that the stochastic entropy production in this formalism tends to trivial if the detailed balance is satisfied. Therefore, this kind of stochastic entropy production becomes an appropriate measure for the mesoscopic irreversibility departing from the detailed balance. By means of Ω-expansion it is shown that the stochastic entropy production remains to be a stochastic thermodynamic quantity in the order of N(N is an extensive quantity characteristic of the amount of system) originated from the irreversibility departing from the detailed balance, principally coming from the contribution of the non-Poisson fluctuations.
    Quantum Chemistry Studies on Electronic Structures and Spectra of C77Si
    TENG Qi-Wen, WU Shi
    2004, 25(12):  2345-2348. 
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    All of the possible 21 isomers for C77Si, an isoelectronic molecule of C78, were investigated by INDO methods based on C78(C2v). It is indicated that the most stable isomer is one in which the silicon atom locates at the hexagon C35 passing through by the x longest axis, whereas the atoms locating at the bond C1_C2 passing by the z shortest axis are difficult to substitute, and the substitution of the silicon atom makes the cage distort. The red-shift of absorption peaks of electronic spectra for C77Si isomers will take place compared with that of C78(C2v) which is because of their narrower LUMO-HOMO energy gaps and there is a great difference in the characteristic absorptions between C77Si35 and other isomers, which can be considered as an evidence for the formation of C77Si35.
    Photoluminescence Efficiency from InAs Quantum Dots
    YANG Jing-Hai, GONG Jie, LIU Wei, FAN Hou-Gang, YANG Li-Li, ZHAO Qing-Xiang
    2004, 25(12):  2349-2352. 
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    InAs quantum dots(QDs) were investigated by using optical spectroscopy, in order to understand the experimental observation of strong enhancement of their photoluminescence efficiency. When a tunneling barrier is introduced between the InAs layer and the GaAs cap layer, the intensity of the InAs QD emission increases by more than an order of magnitude at the excitation density of 60 W/cm2. The enhancement of the optical recombination efficiency is due to the suppression of the nonradiative transitions in the wetting layer. The strong enhancement of the InAs emission can lead to an increase in the optical gain of the InAs laser structure.
    Influence of Active Particle Adsorption on Surface Photovoltage Properties of ZnO Nanoparticle
    WANG Xue-Song, WANG De-Jun, ZHAO Qi-Dong, XIE Teng-Feng
    2004, 25(12):  2353-2355. 
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    Surface photovoltage spectrum(SPS), field-induced surface photovoltage spectrum(FISPS) and gas probe techniques are used together to study surface photovoltage(SPV) property of ZnO nanoparticles. The SPS of ZnO nanoparticles consists of two parts, band-to-band transition(P1,P2) and surface states transition(P3). The result shows that the SPV response is mostly attributed to the built-in field formed by active adsorbates, most of which is O2. Competitive adsorption of O2 and H2O exists on ZnO surface. They play different roles in the influence on SPS. The Adsorption of O2 weakens P3, whereas H2O enhances P3. And the velocity of adsorption and desorption of O2 on the surface is significantly faster than H2O. The adsorption and desorption of H2O may be correlated with the adjustment of surface structure.
    Preparation of Phosphatidylcholine/Cationic Amphiphilic Coliposomes and Molecular Recognition in the Bilayer Membranes
    SONG Li-Ming, LING Xing, LI Guo-Wen
    2004, 25(12):  2356-2358. 
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    An amphiphile, 9-octanyl adenine trimethylammonium bromide(OATMAB amphiphile 3), was synthesized as the receptor. The coliposomes were prepared from phosphatidylcholine and 9-octyl adenine trimethylammonium bromide by sonication of CHCl3-cast films of amphiphiles mixtures [n(PC): n(MOATMAB)=10:1] in doubly distilled water with a bath-type sonicator at 80 W for 3 h. As thymine was added into PC/MAOTMAB coliposomal solution, the absorbability of thymine at 263 nm decreased slowly with time change from 0 to 72 h. The UV-Vis spectroscopic behavior of the thymine in PC/OATMAB/thymine coliposomes(molar ratio=10:1:1) was slowly decreaced with the increase of time. The onset of a hypochromic effect can be ascribed to adenine-thymine interaction. The absorption band levels off at 45.4% of its initial value and stabilizes after several weeks.
    Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of the Novel Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone)s
    LIU Chen-Guang, NA Hui, ZHAO Cheng-Ji, WU Zhong-Wen
    2004, 25(12):  2359-2362. 
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    A series of novel sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s based on tert-butylhydroquinone were synthesized via aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction with the intrinsic viscosities above 0.77. The samples were characterized by FTIR and DSC method. All the polymers are readily soluble cast into tough membranes. The solubility and other properties of the polymer membranes were studies in the article.
    Solvent Effect on the Surface Morphology of Polymer Blend Thin Films During Spin-coating Process
    ZONG Qi, XIE Xu-Ming, WANG Xiu-Feng
    2004, 25(12):  2363-2366. 
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    Polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate)(PS/PMMA) was studied after the thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by spin-coating from tetrahydrofuran(THF) and methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) respectively. The solvent effect on the surface morphology of PS/PMMA blend thin films was investigated by atomic force microscopy(AFM) combined with selective dissolution. It is found that the phase inversion point of the PS/PMMA surface morphology shifts from PS/PMMA(30/70) in THF to PS/PMMA(40/60-50/50) in MEK. This could be explained by the different solubilities of PS and PMMA in the two solvents.
    Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Poly[(3-octanoyl- pyrrole-2,5-diyl)-p-N,N-dimethylaminobenzylidene]
    ZHANG Zhi-Gang, WU Hong-Cai, YI Wen-Hui
    2004, 25(12):  2367-2369. 
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    A novel water-soluble and π-conjugated polymer, poly[(3-octanoylpyrrole-2,5-diyl)-p-N,N-dimethylaminobenzylidene](POPDMABE) containing strong electro donor-acceptor groups, was synthesized by condensation of 3-octanoylpyrrole with para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. The chemical structure of POPDMABE was characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The solubility of POPDMABE in several kinds of solvents was measured. The results show that the POPDMABE can be easily solved in polar solvent and diluted chlorhydric acid. POPDMABE displayed a decrease in mass of about 5% at 210 ℃ in the thermogravimetric apparatus. The crystallinity of POPDMABE was also studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The results indicate that part of the POPDMABE is in crystal state and the other part is amorphous. The photoluminescence(PL) of POPDMABE was investigated. The result shows that POPDMABE is a good photoluminescence material and blue fluorescence can be observed when the excitation wavelength is 360 nm.
    Preparation and Characterization of Fast-responsive Porous Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic Acid) Hydrogels
    ZHANG Jian-Tao, HUANG Shi-Wen, WANG Lu-Ling, ZHUO Ren-Xi
    2004, 25(12):  2370-2374. 
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    Temperature-sensitive porous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)[P(NIPA-co-AAc)] hydrogels with fast responsive properties were prepared by radical copolymerization in aqueous solution via using PEG6000 as the pore-forming agent. In comparison to the conventional gels, the porous P(NIPA-co-AAc) gels exhibited faster response rate to temperature changes and higher swelling ratios at the temperature below lower critical solution temperature(LCST), which can be attributed to the porous structure formed in the process of the polymerization/crosslinking. With increasing the contents of AAc in the gel matrixs, the LCST increased, which was caused by the high hydrophilicity of AAC component. The results suggest the potential of these novel porous hydrogels for the controlled release of drugs, especially for macromolecular drugs.
    Preparation and Characterization of Monodisperse Polystyrene Microspheres
    ZHANG Qiong-Gang, BAO De-Cai, MA Xiao-Jun
    2004, 25(12):  2375-2378. 
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    Monodisperse polystyrene(PS) microspheres with the size range of 2-20 μm were prepared by membrane emulsification and subsequent drying in liquid technique using the shirasu porous glass(SPG) membrane. The PS microspheres size was about twice of the membrane pore size and was slightly affected by the PS concentration. The distribution of the PS microspheres was strongly dependent on the emulsification pressure, and in a certain pressure range, monodispersed microspheres were obtained. Furthermore, PS microspheres with pores on the surface were prepared by adding toluene into the dispersion phase. The hollow PS microspheres were obtained by drying in liquid technique based on the formation of multiple W/O/W emulsions.
    Morphological Structure of Solution-cast Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Thin Film
    HE Xing-Quan, YANG De-Cai, XIE De-Min
    2004, 25(12):  2379-2380. 
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    The morphological structure of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)(PTT) thin films solution-cast at various temperatures was investigated by using polarized light microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. Different morphologies of the PTT films were observed at different crystallization temperatures (Tc). In the temperature range of 363-403 K, banded spherulites occurred. When Tc=413 K, the center location of the spherulite showed banded structure, while the outer region of the spherulite displayed a spherulite structure without ring-band. When Tc≥423 K, the normal non-banded spherulite was found. The main reason for producing the ring-banded spherulite is the effect of residual solvent during the crystallization processs of the solution-cast films. At higher crystallization temperatures(≥423 K), no residual solvent exists during the crystallization of the films since the evaporation rate is higher at higher temperatures. So no banded structure is formed.
    Synthesis of a Novel Macromolecular Coupling Agent from ATRP
    ZHANG Hong-Wen, AI Peng, JIANG Yan, LI Hong-Tu, ZHANG Kai, YANG Song-Ru, WANG Jing-Yuan
    2004, 25(12):  2381-2383. 
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    A novel graft macromolecular coupling agent with well-defined structure was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP). Since the silicon of graft polymers possesses a strong affinity to hydroxyl mineral, it gives fillers some new properties such as the increase of the interaction of fillers with matrix. The properties, structure of macromolecular coupling agent and its composite were studied by dynamic mechanical spectra, IR, UV, NMR, GPC and SEM.
    Impact of Protector Molecules on the Shape of Pt Nanocrystals Synthesized with K2PtCl6 as the Precursor
    YU Ying-Tao, XU Bo-Qing
    2004, 25(12):  2384-2386. 
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    The effect of protector molecules on the formation of tetrahedral Pt nanocrystals during the H2 reduction of aqueous K2PtCl6 solution was investigated. It was shown that the addition of sodium lactate or gluconate, which were good protectors for the synthesis of tetrahedral Ni nanocrystals, cannot result in the formation of tetrahedral Pt nanocrystals. On the other hand, the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) for the protector has lead to fairly high selectivity(78%-83%) for the tetrahedral shape of Pt nanocrystals. Raman spectral results indicate that there is an interaction between the C=O group of PVP and the surface of tetrahedral Pt nanocrystals. Such an interaction could be important in inducing the formation of tetrahedral Pt nanocrystals.
    Synthesis of a Bolaform Amphiphile Bearing Biphenyl Mesogenic Group and Long Spacer and Its Surfacial Micellar Aggregation
    QIU Deng-Li, SONG Bo, LIN Ao-Lei, WANG Ming-Feng, WANG Zhi-Qiang, ZHANG Xi,
    2004, 25(12):  2387-2389. 
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    A bolaform amphiphile(BP-15) bearing biphenyl group and long spacers of alkyl chains was synthesized. In-situ AFM studies indicate that the amphiphile can form two kinds of surface aggregates with different morphologies depending on solution concentration: short-range ordered cylindrical surface micelles at the lower concentration and flat domains at the higher concentration. These results agree well with the two critical micelle concentrations in bulk solution as determined by the concentration-dependent conductivity.
    Preparation and Amphiphilicity of Macroporous Titania Coating
    NIU Zhong-Wei, LI Dan, MA Jin, YANG Zheng-Long, YANG Zhen-Zhong
    2004, 25(12):  2390-2392. 
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    Wettability is a fundamental property of solids surface, which is governed by both their chemistry and surface morphology. Titania is an interesting semiconductor, whose surface can display supra-amphiphilicity after being irradiated by UV light. This property leads to many attractive potential applications. Howerer, this property gradually loses upon the cessation of the irradiation. It is urgently required to fabricate a titania surface with amphiphilic property, independent on UV light irradiation. Herein, we propose to achieve an amphiphilic titania coating with macropores by dip-coating titania/polymer capsule dispersion followed by the removal of the polymer cores. The porous coating is permanently amphiphilic independent on UV irradiation, which is significantly different from the bulk ones. The amphiphilicity of the porous coating is greatly enhanced up to supra-amphiphilicity by a proper dose of UV irradiation similar to the thin film. Since the size is less than 100 nm, visible light scattering is avoided and the porous coating is transparent. Anatase titania coating with the pores retained is achieved after being calcined at 450 ℃, meanwhile adhesion of the coating on the substrates becomes stronger. The features of the porous coating facilitate its potential applications.