Table of Content

10 November 2026, Volume 47 Issue 11

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Cover and Content of Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities Vol.47 No.11(2026)

2026, 47(11):  1-6. 

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Letter

Single-molecule Detection of Impurities in Customized Oligonucleotides by Nanopore

HAN Yunxiang, HU Zhengli, WANG Jia, YING Yilun, LONG Yitao

2026, 47(11):  20260314.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260314

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Conventional methods mainly rely on ensemble-averaged bulk characterization， which remains challenging for identifying low-abundance endogenous impurities generated during synthesis. Here， we developed a biological nanopore-based single-molecule strategy for the direct detection of truncated-sequence impurities in customized oligonucleotide samples. Using an aerolysin nanopore to analyze a customized poly（dA）₉ sample， we observed three clearly distinguishable characteristic peaks in the nanopore current fingerprint spectrum. Among them， the peaks with smaller current blockages matched those of poly（dA）₄ and poly（dA）₃， indicating the presence of additional oligonucleotide species besides the target product. In addition， the relative peak area ratios remained nearly constant over the data acquisition period from 0.5 to 10 min， demonstrating that this method can provide stable impurity signals within 1 min and enable rapid analysis of sample compositional heterogeneity. This study expands the application of nanopore technology in the quality evaluation of real biomolecular products and offers a single-molecule analytical strategy for impurity detection in oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.



Review

Voltammetric Analysis in Elucidating Electrochemical Mechanisms

SUN Xiaoxuan, LUO Mingchuan, WU Yuchen

2026, 47(11):  20260232.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260232

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Heterogeneous electrocatalysis entails the intricate coupling of electron/proton transfer， adsorption/ desorption processes， and mass transport. By enabling in situ monitoring of current-potential responses， voltammetry serves as a highly tunable experimental platform to deconvolute complex interfacial reactions. This review elucidates the fundamental physical significance of the potential and current from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives， explicitly correlating them with reaction free energies and rate constants. Accordingly， we analyze how peak shapes， peak positions， and voltammetric trends reflect the underlying reaction kinetics and pathways—thereby translating macroscopic observables into mechanistic descriptors. Drawing upon state-of-the-art electrocatalytic case studies， we elucidate the utility of voltammetry in identifying active species and resolving complex catalytic networks. Finally， we provide a comprehensive outlook on the enduring challenges and future evolution of voltammetry.



Articles: Inorganic Chemistry

Preparation of a Luminescent Nanomaterial of Cationic Iridium（III） Complex Composited with Silica and Its Application in Latent Fingerprint Detection

LI Yifei, XIAN Shanglan, JIANG Zhouyang, TANG Huaijun, XIA Rongman, WANG Weixian, WU Yibing, FANG Xiuying, LI Xiang, JIANG Aijing

2026, 47(11):  20260137.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260137

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A cationic iridium（III） complex， ［（ppy）₂Ir（phen-CAA）］PF₆， was synthesized using 2-phenylpyridine（ppy） as the main ligand and 2-chloro-N-（1，10-phenanthrolin-5-yl）acetamide（phen-CAA） as the ancillary ligand. This complex exhibits an obvious aggregation-induced enhanced emission（AIEE） effect. In a CH₃CN-H₂O mixed solvent（1.0×10^-5 mol/L）， its luminescence intensity increased with the increasing volume fraction of water（f_w）， reaching a maximum photoluminescence quantum yield（PLQY） of 30.7% at f_w=60%， and then gradually decreased. ［（ppy）₂Ir（phen-CAA）］PF₆ exhibited weak luminescence both in dilute solution（PLQY=8.6%） and in the aggregated solid state（PLQY=0.7%）， making it difficult for practical applications. In water， using cetyltrimethylammonium chloride（CTAC） as the template agent and tetraethyl orthosilicate（TEOS） as the silica precursor， a silica-based composite containing the complex was prepared via hydrolysis. Under the optimal conditions， the composite exhibited a high PLQY of 25.9%， and the emission of ［（ppy）₂Ir（phen-CAA）］PF₆ shifted from orange-red light（λ_{em， max}=625 nm） to yellow light（λ_{em， max}=562 nm）. The composite was composed of spherical particles with a main size distribution of 70—90 nm. The obtained composite powder was used as a luminescent developer for latent fingerprints on both non-porous and porous substrates， and satisfactory detection performance was achieved. The first-， second-， and third-level fingerprint details could be identified after image magnification.



Iron/manganese Ratio-regulated Bimetallic Nanoenzymes for Colorimetric Sensing of Organophosphorus Pesticides

ZHANG Yingpeng, LIU Juanjuan, QIN Fanfan, YANG Yunshang, HU Zetai

2026, 47(11):  20260095.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260095

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Using self-synthesized 4，4'，4''-tricarboxytriphenylamine（H₃TCA） as an organic ligand， a series of bimetallic nanoenzyme materials Fe _x Mn-NC was synthesized via a solvothermal method by regulating the iron doping ratio. Among these， when the molar ratio of Fe to Mn is 2∶1， the Fe₂Mn-NC composition exhibited the most optimal peroxidase-like catalytic activity， with a significantly higher catalytic efficiency than single-metal systems and a pronounced composition dependence. Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed that Fe₂Mn-NC exhibits exceptional affinity for substrates 3，3′，5，5′-tetramethylbenzidine（TMB） and H₂O₂， with corresponding Michaelis-Menten constants （Kₘ） as low as 0.36 and 0.1 mmol/L， respectively. Based on the material's outstanding catalytic properties， an “on-off-on” type UV sensing platform was constructed using the acetylcholinesterase-thiocholine cascade reaction. This platform demonstrated excellent analytical performance in methyl parathion detection， with a detection limit as low as 3.04 nmol/L and a linear range of 10—330 nmol/L.



Analytical Chemistry

Colorimetric and Fluorescent Dual-signal Sensing Based on Fe-N-CDs@PVP for the Determination of Curcumin

SHAN Huiyu, YANG Song, BAI Xiao, LI Guangying, WANG Jinling, SHAN Guiye

2026, 47(11):  20260268.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260268

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A novel Fe-N-CDs@PVP composite nanomaterial with colorimetric-fluorescent dual-signal response was developed for the highly sensitive and visual dual-mode determination of curcumin in biological samples related to depression models. Firstly， iron and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots（Fe-N-CDs） were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method， followed by surface passivation using polyvinylpyrrolidone（PVP）. The introduction of PVP not only passivated the surface defects of carbon dots to boost their fluorescence quantum yield， but also significantly enhanced their dispersion stability in complex biological matrices. Leveraging the excellent peroxidase-like activity and photoluminescence properties of the composite， a dual-modal sensing platform was established. The colorimetric mode relied on the strong radical-scavenging capability of curcumin to competitively inhibit the TMB-H₂O₂ catalytic chromogenic reaction， yielding a fading signal. Meanwhile， the fluorometric mode operated on a fluorescence "turn-on" mechanism， where curcumin reduced Fe³⁺ in the nanocomposite to Fe²⁺， thereby removing the fluorescence quenching effect of Fe³⁺ and restoring the emission. The linear ranges of this method for the colorimetric and fluorescent detection of curcumin were 20—80 μmol/L and 20—70 μmol/L， respectively. Furthermore， this dual-mode sensor achieved mutual verification and self-calibration， and was successfully applied to the precise quantitative tracking of trace curcumin in simulated biological fluids and antidepressant drug screening samples. This work provides a powerful visual analytical tool for evaluating the antidepressant efficacy of curcumin and advancing research into targeted diagnosis and treatment of depression.



Automatic Detection of Phosphates in Dry Powder Fire Extinguishing Agents with Successive Addition Spectral Analysis

LIN Zhian, SU Meng, YE Fei, DU Yiping

2026, 47(11):  20260215.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260215

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Traditional standard curve method and flow injection analysis method need to prepare series of standard solutions that generate problems of tedious manual preparation， easy to introduce manual error and large amount reagent consumption. To overcome these problems， a successive addition spectral analysis（SASA） system was developed for automated preparation of standard solutions， automated spectral acquisition， and automatic construction of calibration curves. In the SASA system， a stock solution is continuously and quantitatively pumped into a reaction vessel to prepare a series of standard solutions through successive dilution or to react with reagents to produce optically responsive compounds and obtain solutions with known concentrations. After that， the spectra of the solutions are automatically collected. In addition， a quantitative analysis method incorporating calibration curve fitting and concentration calculation for unknown samples was established. The SASA system was applied to the quantitative determination of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate（NH₄H₂PO₄） in dry chemical fire extinguishing agents. The results showed a good linear relationship between concentration and absorbance over the concentration range of 1.093—6.965 μg/mL， with a coefficient of determination（R²） of 0.9999 and a limit of detection of 0.0134 μg/mL. The results obtained by the proposed method were highly consistent with those obtained by the arbitration method， with detection errors ranging from 0.5% to 0.9%. These results demonstrate that the proposed method provides high accuracy， good repeatability， and high sensitivity， indicating its considerable potential for a wide range of quantitative analysis applications.



Organic Chemistry

Neuroprotective Effects of Novel Src Kinase Inhibitor on APP/PS1 Mice

LUO Rui, ZHANG Xinwei, LIU Yang, WANG Lei, WU Xiaojun, XIAO Junhai, LIN Feng

2026, 47(11):  20260242.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260242

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This study was designed to explore the neuroprotective potential of Y-11， a Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor， in transgenic APP/PS1 mice. Administration of Y-11 to these mice resulted in a marked amelioration of cognitive deficits characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease（AD）， along with a reduction in the expression levels of AD-related pathological proteins within the brain. Meanwhile， Y-11also attenuated neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction by inhibiting glial cell activation， and restored synaptic protein levels. In summary， the results suggested that Y-11 had neuroprotective effects on AD mice， provided a theoretical basis on the potential therapeutic application of Src kinase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease.



Design， Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Chromone-based PDE10A Inhibitors

WU Weijun, HE Jiajing, WU Junpeng, LAN Kunyan, WU Zheng

2026, 47(11):  20260158.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260158

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Based on the comprehensive analysis of the PDE10A protein structure and the interaction patterns of existing inhibitors， using the hybrid principle， ten new PDE10A inhibitors were designed and synthesized. The activity test results showed that except for compounds A4 and A5， the remaining compounds all exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity（IC₅₀=38.83—98.83 nmol/L）. The most active compounds A1， A2， and A9 were selected for molecular docking， and it was found that they could all insert into the hydrophobic layer formed by PHE729 and ILE692/PHE696 in the PDE10A protein， exerting inhibitory effects through π⁃π stacking and hydrogen bonds. The ADMET prediction results indicated that these three compounds had good intestinal absorption properties， low blood-brain barrier permeability， and low toxicity， and had the potential to be further developed as lead compounds.



Physical Chemistry

Influence of Tyrosine Mutations on the Inhibition of Methane Hydrate Growth by Tenebrio Molitor Antifreeze Protein： A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

CUI Shaoli, ZHANG Tianli, DU Binghui, MA Ruojin, JIN Yongcan, YE Zhuo, XU Yongtao

2026, 47(11):  20260236.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260236

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Tenebrio molitor antifreeze protein（TmAFP） is considered a potential environmentally benign kinetic inhibitor for methane hydrate due to its excellent ice recrystallization inhibition activity. However， the structure- activity relationship of TmAFP in inhibiting methane hydrate growth remains unclear. In this study， molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effects of mutating key threonine（Thr） residues to tyrosine（Tyr） in TmAFP on methane hydrate growth inhibition. In the Thr array， residues at positions 27， 39， and 44 exhibit a greater influence on the thermal hysteresis activity of the antifreeze protein than other sites. Furthermore， the substitution with amino acids possessing larger side chains than Thr， such as tyrosine， may interfere with the ice-binding process through steric hindrance. We constructed the complex systems of wild-type and T27Y， T39Y， and T44Y mutants with methane hydrate. The results show that wild-type TmAFP exhibits the strongest inhibitory effect on methane hydrate growth， while Tyr point mutations significantly weaken this activity. Notably， although the T44Y mutant retains approximately 80% of the thermal hysteresis activity of wild-type TmAFP， it almost completely loses its ability to inhibit methane hydrate growth， indicating no positive correlation between the thermal hysteresis activity of antifreeze protein and its methane hydrate inhibition activity. Further analysis indicates that the T44Y mutation preserves the local geometric complementarity between the ice-binding surface（IBS） and the methane hydrate surface， it concurrently reduces both the conformational rigidity of the protein and the stability of interfacial hydrogen bonds. This indicates that static structural matching alone is not sufficient to guarantee stable adsorption. In contrast， the T27Y and T39Y mutations primarily impair inhibition by disrupting the matching between key residue spacings on the IBS and the cage structures of methane hydrate. This study demonstrates that the inhibition of methane hydrate growth by TmAFP requires not only structural complementarity between the IBS and the hydrate surface， but also synergy between the overall rigidity of the protein and the anchoring ability of residues on the hydrate surface. These findings provide molecular-level theoretical guidance for the rational design of efficient and green antifreeze protein-based hydrate inhibitors.



Inverse InZrO _x /Cu@Ga-MFI Core-shell Catalyst for CO₂ Hydrogenation to Aromatics

LIU Yuchuan, CHEN Siqi, LIU Bin, CHEN Siyu, YU Yang, WANG Wei, TIAN Yajie, DIAO Zhenheng

2026, 47(11):  20260235.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260235

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Constructing tandem catalysts with efficient coupling between metal-oxide hydrogenation sites and zeolite aromatization sites is crucial for improving CO₂ hydrogenation to aromatics. Herein， a core-shell catalyst consisting of porous InZrO _x /Cu microspheres as the core and a Ga-MFI zeolite shell with preferential radial alignment of the b-axis straight channels was prepared via a coating-assisted dry-gel conversion method. The results show that the introduction of In promoted Cu-In interactions and enhanced the formation of defect sites associated with In-Zr oxide species， thereby improving CO₂ adsorption and activation， as well as facilitating the formation of methanol-related intermediates such as HCOO^* and H₂CO^*. The outer Ga-MFI shell shortened the diffusion path of oxygenate intermediates， and framework Ga-derived Bronsted acid sites and extra-framework GaO _x /GaO⁺ species cooperatively promoted dehydration， oligomerization， cyclization， and dehydroaromatization. Benefiting from these structural features， the core-shell catalyst achieved a CO₂ conversion of 32.4% and an aromatic selectivity of 45.0% at 320 ℃ and 3 MPa， and showed no obvious deactivation during a 100 h stability test. This work provides a useful strategy for designing spatially confined tandem catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation to aromatics.



Preparation of Z-scheme g-C₃N₅/BiOBr Heterojunction and Its Photocatalytic Performance for Cr（VI） Reduction

JIN Zhanbin, NI Songxiang, REN Zihan, GU Jianxia, QIAO Hongtao, WEI Tingting

2026, 47(11):  20260231.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260231

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With the accelerated advancement of modern industrialization， environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent， making the development of efficient and environmentally benign pollutant degradation technologies of great practical value. In this work， a Z-scheme g-C₃N₅/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully fabricated via a facile solvothermal method. The crystal phase structure， morphology， specific surface area， optical absorption and photoelectrochemical properties of the materials were characterized by XRD， SEM， N₂ adsorption-desorption analysis， UV-Vis DRS and I-t measurements. Through catalytic reduction of Cr（VI） under simulated sunlight， after 45 min of illumination， the reduction efficiency of pure BiOBr and 5%g-C₃N₅/BiOBr heterojunction for Cr（VI） was 65.85% and 98.58%， respectivety. By adjusting the acidity and alkalinity of the solution， the reduction efficiency was optimal under weakly acidic conditions of pH=4， reaching 99.6%. The reduction rate of 5%g-C₃N₅/BiOBr heterojunction for Cr（VI） remained higher than 97% after five cycles， and it maintained good catalytic activity and stability in tap water and under natural sunlight. Free radical capture experiments confirmed that photogenerated electrons（e⁻） were the main active species. The heterojunction broadens the light absorption range， effectively inhibits carrier recombination， and significantly improves the photocatalytic reduction performance of Cr（VI）.



Free Energy Perturbation-Machine Learning Collaborative Optimization for Melanoma Antigenic Peptide Design

WANG Taizhong, ZHONG Qinglu, ZHANG Shan, WU Yijian, LI Jinhui, ZHUANG Qi, WU Song, FU Lei

2026, 47(11):  20260155.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260155

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To address the limited efficacy of peptide vaccines caused by insufficient binding affinity between melanoma antigens and the major histocompatibility complex（MHC） proteins， this study proposes a free energy perturbation（FEP）-AI synergistic design framework for efficiently screening high-affinity candidate peptides. We focused on the PRAME_190—198 peptide-HLA-A^*11∶01 complex， and employed FEP to accurately quantify the impact of antigenic amino acid mutations on binding free energy. The resulting precise physical data were used to calibrate the FEPaML model through multiple rounds of iterative optimization. The optimized framework was then applied to perform high-throughput prediction and ranking of large-scale combinatorial mutations， followed by validation using the FEP calculation. The FEPaML model， calibrated with high-precision physical data from FEP， enabled efficient and accurate antigen optimization design and successfully captured the synergistic effects of multi-site mutations. The identified optimal triple mutant， I7F-E8S-K9R， achieved a relative binding free energy of -24.43 kJ/mol， showing significantly improved binding affinity compared to the wild type. This framework enables efficient and precise optimization of antigen peptide affinity， substantially reducing screening cost and duration while providing robust theoretical and technical support for personalized melanoma vaccine design.



Ruthenium Single-atom Supported on Iron-nickel Layered Double Hydroxide for Efficient Urea Electrooxidation

YANG Ting, ZHANG Yiyuan, WU Xianhong

2026, 47(11):  20260178.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260178

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Using a one-step electrodeposition method， the iron-nickel bimetallic layered hydroxide loaded with ruthenium single atoms was successfully in-situ grown on nickel foam（denoted as Ru-FeNi-LDH/NF）， which was used for urea oxidation reaction（UOR）. The obtained Ru-FeNi-LDH/NF exhibits a network structure assembled from stacked nanosheets with amorphous characteristics. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy（AC-TEM） further confirms that Ru single atoms are uniformly dispersed on the FeNi-LDH. The loading of Ru single atoms effectively modulates the valence structure of Fe and Ni sites， reduces the charge transfer resistance and increases the exposure of active sites. Consequently， the Ru-FeNi-LDH/NF catalyst exhibits excellent UOR catalytic activity and structural stability， requiring only 1.318 and 1.334 V（vs. RHE） to achieve current densities of 10 and 100 mA/cm²， respectively. Furthermore， in a flow electrolyzer system coupling the urea oxidation reaction with the hydrogen evolution reaction， Ru-FeNi-LDH/NF requires only 1.347 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm² and operates stably for over 50 h at a current density of 50 mA/cm². Besides， the Ru-FeNi-LDH/NF catalyst maintains good structural stability after the UOR.



Preparation and Piezoelectric Performance of Ag/ZnO Nanoparticle-doped P（VDF-TrFE） Porous Composite Films

JIA Yadong, LIN Huang, YANG Yixu, ZHANG Qilong

2026, 47(11):  20260157.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260157

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A Ag/ZnO⁃P（VDF-TrFE） composite piezoelectric film with a uniform porous structure was constructed via non-solvent induced phase separation（NIPS） with silver-loaded zinc oxide nanorods（Ag/ZnO NRs） as fillers. It was found that the NIPS method induces the formation of high-content polar β-phase piezoelectric active crystalline regions in P（VDF-TrFE）. Meanwhile， the Ag/ZnO heterojunction induces unidirectional migration of polarization charges and amplifies the microscale voltage. The as-fabricated piezoelectric nanogenerator exhibits excellent piezoelectric output and force-sensitive characteristics， meeting the demand for efficient conversion of biomechanical energy into electricity. This work provides a simple and scalable strategy for the development of high-performance self-polarized piezoelectric nanogenerators.



Highly Selective Adsorption of ZrP@D001H to Indium（III） Driven by Synergistic Ion-exchange and Coordination

CAO Liwen, MA Zihan, HE Ziqiang, XU Qinghong

2026, 47(11):  20260123.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260123

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A sulfonated polystyrene sphere-supported α-zirconium phosphate composite（ZrP@D001H） was prepared using an in⁃situ growth method and applied for the selective recovery of indium（III） from simulated acid leachates derived from waste liquid crystal displays（LCDs） and sphalerite. The effect of solution pH value on adsorption performance was systematically investigated， and adsorption kinetics， isotherms， and thermodynamics were evaluated， along with the selective adsorption capacity and regeneration performance of the material. The results demonstrated that ZrP@D001H achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 228.46 mg/g for In（III） within the pH value range of 1.0—4.0. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm ^{model， and was characterized as spontaneous， endothermic， and entropy-driven. In the simulated leachate systems of sphalerite and LCDs， the distribution coefficients（K_d） of the material for In（III） reached 8751 mL/g and 6383 mL/g， respectively， significantly higher than those for coexisting metal ions， indicating excellent selective recognition capability. In dynamic adsorption experiments， under conditions of a bed height of 1.5 cm， a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min， and an initial concentration of 50 mg/L， the breakthrough volume reached 2583 bed volumes（BV）. After eight adsorption-desorption cycles， the material retained over 90% of its initial adsorption capacity. Mechanistic studies revealed that the adsorption of In（III） onto ZrP@D001H follows a synergistic ion-exchange and coordination mechanism. This study provides a novel material with both high selectivity and stability， laying a technical foundation for the resource recovery of the critical metal indium.}



Polymer Chemistry

Synthesis of Organic-inorganic Composite Thermosensitive Polyacrylamide Gel and Its Adsorption Performance for Low-concentration Carbon Dioxide

XIE Yangming, LIU Yingxue, YANG Zekai, ZHAO Yifan, SUN Han, CHEN Haijun

2026, 47(11):  20260230.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260230

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Although thermo-responsive polyacrylamide gels possess excellent CO₂ capture and release capabilities at temperatures below 100 ℃， their industrial application is hindered by the difficulties associated with the separation and purification of emulsion-type gels. In this work， silica nanoparticles were introduced during the polymerization of polyacrylamide gels， and a large sized organic-inorganic composite polyacrylamide gel with improved separability and purification characteristics was successfully prepared. The influence of silica nanoparticles introduced into the polymerization system on the adsorption performance of organic-inorganic composite polyacrylamide gels was also systematically investigated. The prepared organic-inorganic composite polyacrylamide gel exhibited a maximum CO₂ adsorption capacity of 2.4 mmol/g toward low-concentration CO₂ and could be effectively regenerated at 80 ℃. No noticeable decline in adsorption performance was observed after ten adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorbent also showed strong resistance to NO gas. Although SO₂ nanoparticles significantly suppressed CO₂ adsorption， its adsorption performance could be restored by alkaline washing. Mechanistic analysis indicated that CO₂ was predominantly captured in the form of bicarbonate（HCO₃^- ） species within the polyacrylamide gel matrix.



Synergistic Enhancement of Crystallization and Toughness of PLLA by Segment-regulated PCL-b-PDLA Block Copolymers

YU Lihua, ZHANG Hao, LIU Chunyu, YANG Tao, LIU Xin, BIAN Xinchao, CHEN Xuesi

2026, 47(11):  20260210.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260210

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The slow crystallization rate and insufficient toughness of polylactic acid（PLA） limit its wide application. In this study， a series of poly（ε-caprolactone-b-D-lactide acid）（PCL-b-PDLA） block copolymers with different segment ratios were designed and synthesized， and then blended with poly（L-lactic acid）（PLLA） as nucleation and toughening agents. The effects of copolymer segment composition and loading content on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PLLA were systematically characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance（^{NMR）， gel permeation chromatography（GPC）， differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）， and tensile testing. The results show that the PDLA hard segments can form stereocomplex crystals with PLLA， significantly promoting heterogeneous nucleation， while the PCL soft segments absorb energy through plastic deformation， enhancing toughness. When the copolymer number-average molecular weight ratio was 5∶5 and the loading content was 5%—10%， the crystallization rate of the blend system was significantly increased， the elongation at break reached approximately 10%， and the tensile strength remained at 55—60 MPa. Imbalanced segment ratios or excessive loading lead to decreased compatibility， weakening the toughening and nucleation effects. Through rational design of the soft/hard segment ratio of the block copolymer， this study achieves synergistic improvement in the crystallization performance and toughness of PLLA， providing a feasible strategy for the development of high-performance PLA materials.}



Preparation of Self-emulsifying Epoxy Resin Sizing Agent and Surface Modification of Carbon Fibers

XU Jinyao, DAI Jingfu, LU Shulai, WANG Changyu, ZHOU Shiran, MA Xiaokun

2026, 47(11):  20260162.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260162

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A self-emulsifying epoxy resin sizing agent（SEERS） was synthesized via the grafting reaction of phthalic anhydride-g-polyethylene glycol（PA-g-PEG） with epoxy resin（EP）. The amphiphilic molecular architecture， bearing hydrophilic hydroxyl terminals and hydrophobic epoxy segments， enables surface functionalization of carbon fibers（CFs） and promotes interfacial chemical bonding with the EP matrix. Under optimized conditions［n（PA-g-PEG）/ n（EP）=1∶1， 110 ℃， 4 h］， the SEERS emulsion attained a minimum particle size of 101.71 nm and favorable colloidal stability. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform sizing layer on CF surfaces， thereby enhancing fiber-matrix interfacial compatibility. Fracture surface analysis of carbon fiber composites（CFCs） further confirmed strong interfacial adhesion between CFs and EP， manifesting in significant improvements in 0° tensile strength（26.09%）， 0° compressive strength（33.84%）， 90° tensile strength（68.45%）， and interlaminar shear strength（16.00%） compared with unsized counterparts.



Regulation of Surface Microstructure of Nanofibrous Membranes for Enhanced Moisture and Air Permeability

JIN Hao, LI Xiang, LIU Zhiyang, ZHANG Yifan, WANG Yan, TU Kunkun, HU Shuda, LI Shihang, XU Huan

2026, 47(11):  20260112.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20260112

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In this work， polylactic acid（PLA）/cellulose acetate（CA）/Ag-doped titanium dioxide（Ag-TiO₂） composite nanofibrous membranes（PCA NFMs） with surface micro-grooved structures were successfully fabricated via one-step electrospinning. The incorporation of CA， together with the differential volatilization rates of the binary solvent system， induced phase separation and formed axially oriented grooves along the fibers， significantly increasing the specific surface area and providing abundant adsorption sites for particulate matter capture. Meanwhile， Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles were uniformly embedded in the polymer matrix as charge traps， synergistically enhancing interfacial polarization and charge physical capture capability， endowing the membranes with excellent electret properties. As a result， PCA NFMs exhibited significantly enhanced electroactivity. The optimized membrane achieved a surface potential of 2.21 kV， a short-circuit current of 78.64 nA， and an open-circuit voltage of 69.52 V， all more than three times those of pure PLA membranes， demonstrating stable charge storage and output capability. Filtration performance tests showed that the filtration efficiency of PCA NFMs for inhalable ultrafine particulate matter（PM_0.3） reached 99.07% with a pressure drop of only 20.5 Pa， achieving a synergistic optimization of high-efficiency filtration and low airflow resistance. In addition， PCA NFMs exhibited excellent breathability and wearing comfort. The membranes possessed high water vapor transmission rate（7875.1 g·m⁻²·d⁻¹）， good air permeability（166.9 mm/s）， and hydrophobic properties， benefiting from the synergistic effect of the interconnected porous network and the nanoscale rough surface structure， providing an efficient and healthy protective interface for long-term wear. Through the synergistic design of micro-groove construction and electroactivity enhancement， this work achieves the integration of high-efficiency low-resistance filtration， strong electrical output performance， and wearing comfort.