高等学校化学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 3493.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20210458

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基于核酸适体的外泌体分子识别研究进展

黄玲, 庄梓健, 李翔, 石沐玲(), 刘高强()   

  1. 中南林业科技大学林业生物技术湖南省重点实验室, 森林资源生物技术湖南省国际科技创新合作基地, 长沙 410004
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-01 出版日期:2021-11-10 发布日期:2021-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 石沐玲,刘高强 E-mail:mulingshi@hnu.edu.cn;gaoliuedu@csuft.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省教育厅科学研究项目优秀青年项目(18B179);湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ5976)

Advances in Molecular Recognition of Exosomes Based on Aptamers

HUANG Ling, ZHUANG Zijian, LI Xiang, SHI Muling(), LIU Gaoqiang()   

  1. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology,International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province,Central South University of Forestry & Technology,Changsha 410004,China
  • Received:2021-07-01 Online:2021-11-10 Published:2021-08-18
  • Contact: SHI Muling,LIU Gaoqiang E-mail:mulingshi@hnu.edu.cn;gaoliuedu@csuft.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province for Distinguished Young Scholars, China(18B179);the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China(2020JJ5976)

摘要:

自研究者证实外泌体承担了细胞外RNA等物质的运输功能以来, 关于外泌体来源与功能的研究一直备受关注. 近年来外泌体被发现具有作为疾病生物标志物的潜力, 使得拥有特定表面蛋白以及特定装载物的外泌体成为分析化学领域有价值的检测对象. 从化学本质角度来说, 外泌体的获取与分析需要依赖特异性的分子识别过程. 核酸适体作为分子识别单元, 因其特异性强、 亲和力高、 生物活性稳定、 易于合成和保存、 而且其序列和结构上具有可编程性, 易于设计和修饰, 已成功地用在外泌体相关的生物传感体系中. 本文从外泌体的化学组成及其具有生理、 病理意义的组分出发, 从外泌体通用生物标志物识别、癌细胞来源外泌体的检测及外泌体蛋白谱的分析这3个方面综述了以核酸适体作为分子识别单元在外泌体分析领域的代表性工作, 总结了现有的靶向外泌体的核酸适体序列信息以及应用场景, 阐述了利用化学合成与修饰以及DNA自组装等化学调控手段增强核酸适体分子识别性能的最新进展, 并从适用于外泌体分子识别的核酸适体的筛选以及化学修饰的角度, 对未来的研究方向进行了展望.

关键词: 外泌体, 核酸适体, 分子识别, 化学调控

Abstract:

Exosomes are globular bodies with lipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by living cells. Since researchers have confirmed that the exosomes undertake the function of extracellular RNA transportation, the research on the origin and function of exosomes is in the ascendant. In recent years, exosomes have been found to have the potential to be disease biomarkers, which makes exosomes with specific surface proteins and specific carriers become valuable detection objects in biomedical science. From the perspective of chemical essence, the acquisition and analysis of exosomes need to rely on specific molecular recognition process. Aptamers, as molecular recognition units, are characterized by high specificity, high affinity, steady bioactivity, easy synthesis and preservation, as well as facile design and modification. Aptamers have been successfully applied in biosensors for exosomes. In this review, based on the chemical composition of exosomes and their components with physiological and pathological significance, we introduce representative work in the field of extracellular vesicle analysis using aptamers as molecular recognition units, and summarize the existing apta-mer sequence information and application scenarios targeting exosomes. In particular, the latest progress of chemical regulation methods to enhance the recognition performance of aptamers is surveyed. We expect that the future progress in the selection and modification of aptamers will open up new and exciting avenues for molecular recognition of exosomes.

Key words: Exosome, Aptamer, Molecular recognition, Chemical regulation

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