高等学校化学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 3457.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20210442

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

功能化核酸适体的筛选及分子识别应用

吉采灵, 程兴, 谈洁(), 袁荃()   

  1. 湖南大学化学化工学院, 化学生物学与纳米医学研究所, 化学生物传感与 计量学国家重点实验室, 长沙 410082
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-28 出版日期:2021-11-10 发布日期:2021-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 袁荃 E-mail:tanjie0416@hnu.edu.cn;yuanquan@whu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:谈 洁, 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事化学修饰核酸的设计及其生物医学应用研究. E-mail: tanjie0416@hnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21904037);湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ5038)

Selection of Functionalized Aptamers and Their Applications in Molecular Recognition

JI Cailing, CHENG Xing, TAN Jie(), YUAN Quan()   

  1. Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China
  • Received:2021-06-28 Online:2021-11-10 Published:2021-11-10
  • Contact: YUAN Quan E-mail:tanjie0416@hnu.edu.cn;yuanquan@whu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21904037);the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China(2020JJ5038)

摘要:

核酸适体是从寡核苷酸文库中筛选获得的一段单链寡核苷酸. 由于能与多种靶标分子高特异性结合, 核酸适体已发展成为一种新兴的分子识别工具, 广泛应用于生物医学等领域. 天然核酸文库有限的化学组成限制了核酸适体的结构和功能, 进而限制了其在分子识别中的应用. 功能化核酸适体通过引入特定的化学官能团使核酸序列具有更丰富的构象和功能, 增强其分子识别能力. 然而, 功能化核酸很难与核酸扩增方法兼容, 因而难以使用传统筛选方法进行功能化核酸的筛选. 因此, 优化筛选方法对于获得具有优异性能的功能化核酸适体至关重要. 本综述总结了功能化核酸适体的筛选方法, 并介绍了其作为分子识别工具在生物医学领域中的应用.

关键词: 功能化核酸适体, 筛选, 扩增, 分子识别

Abstract:

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides selected from oligonucleotide libraries. Due to their specific molecular binding ability, aptamers have been employed as molecular recognition tools and have been widely used in biomedicine. The finite chemical composition of natural nucleic acid libraries limits the structure and function of aptamers, thus restricting the applications of aptamers in molecular recognition. Functionalized aptamers introduce specific chemical functional groups to endow nucleic acid sequences with rich spatial conformation and new properties, enhancing their molecular recognition capabilities. However, functionalized nucleic acids are difficult to be compatible with nucleic acid amplification methods, making it difficult for traditional selection protocols to screen functionalized nucleic acids. Therefore, optimizing the selection strategies is essential to obtain functionalized aptamers with excellent performance. This review summarizes the selection methods of functionalized aptamers, and introduces the application of functionalized aptamers as molecular recognition tools in the field of biomedicine.

Key words: Functionalized aptamer, Selection, Amplification, Molecular recognition

中图分类号: 

TrendMD: