直接乙醇燃料电池PtSn/C电催化剂的合成表征和性能

高等学校化学学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 1511.

直接乙醇燃料电池PtSn/C电催化剂的合成表征和性能

姜鲁华^1,2, 周振华^1,2, 周卫江^1,2, 王素力^1,2, 汪国雄^1,2, 孙公权¹, 辛勤^1,3

1. 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所直接醇类燃料电池实验室;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京100039;
3. 催化基础国家重点实验室, 大连116023

收稿日期:2003-08-08 出版日期:2004-08-24 发布日期:2004-08-24
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(批准号:20173060);大连化学物理研究所创新基金;美国通用电器公司(GE)资助

Synthesis,Characterization and Performance of PtSn/C Electrocatalyst for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

JIANG Lu-Hua^1,2, ZHOU Zhen-Hua^1,2, ZHOU Wei-Jiang^1,2, WANG Su-Li^1,2, WANG Guo-Xiong^1,2, SUN Gong-Quan¹, XIN Qin^1,3

1. Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Basis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China

Received:2003-08-08 Online:2004-08-24 Published:2004-08-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用多元醇法制备了n(Pt)/n(Sn)比为2:1,3:1,4:1的PtSn/C电催化剂.通过XRD,TEM、循环伏安和氢化学吸附技术对催化剂进行了表征.TEM和XRD结果表明,不同比例的PtSn/C金属粒子的平均粒径均小于4nm,且粒径分布较窄;该系列催化剂中Pt具有fcc结构;PtSn间的相互作用使Pt晶格参数增大.循环伏安和氢化学吸附实验结果表明,加入Sn可抑制Pt对氢的吸附,Pt₃Sn/C对乙醇的氧化电流比Pt₄Sn/C高约1倍.用不同n(Pt)/n(Sn)比的催化剂作为直接醇类燃料电池阳极电催化剂,在相同条件下,随着Sn含量的增加,单电池最大输出功率逐渐增大,当Sn含量继续增大时,单池性能反而下降.导致不同比例PtSn催化剂活性差别的原因可能是由于Sn与Pt间的合金化程度不同和催化剂粒子尺寸效应及Sn含量对电池阻抗等几方面因素所致.对40h寿命测试前后的阳极Pt₃Sn/C催化剂的分析(EnergydispersiveX-rayanalysis,EDX)结果表明,PtSn含量在测试前后均有所降低,PtSn催化剂的寿命尚有待改善.

关键词: 电催化剂, PtSn, 直接乙醇燃料电池

Abstract: PtSn/C electrocatalysts(Pt₂Sn/C,Pt₃Sn/C,Pt₄Sn/C) with differentn(Pt)/n(Sn) ratios were prepared by a modified polyol process and characterized by XRD,TEM and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. TEM_results show that the mean size of metal particles in the catalysts prepared is smaller than 4 nm with a sharp distribution. XRD results show that all the in-house catalysts have fcc crystalline structure. The crystal lattice parameter a_fcc of Pt in Pt₃Sn/C is 0.394 6 nm,which implies that alloying of Pt and Sn could dilate the cell lattice parameter of Pt. CV and H₂ chemisorption results show that the unit activity of PtSn/C increased. CV results also show that Pt₃Sn/C has the highest activity for ethanol oxidation. Single cell tests with PtSn/C as the anode catalysts show that maximum output power increased with increasing Sn molar fraction,and then decreased. The difference of catalytic activity between PtSn/C with various Sn molar fractions may be caused by the particle size effect,alloying degree between Pt and Sn and the cell internal impedance. The EDX analyses of the Pt₃Sn/C catalyst before and after stabilization test show that the content of both Pt and Sn decreased. The life of PtSn/C catalysts needs to be improved further.

Key words: Electrocatalysts, PtSn, Direct ethanol fuel cell

中图分类号:

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姜鲁华, 周振华, 周卫江, 王素力, 汪国雄, 孙公权, 辛勤. 直接乙醇燃料电池PtSn/C电催化剂的合成表征和性能. 高等学校化学学报, 2004, 25(8): 1511.

JIANG Lu-Hua, ZHOU Zhen-Hua, ZHOU Wei-Jiang, WANG Su-Li, WANG Guo-Xiong, SUN Gong-Quan, XIN Qin, . Synthesis,Characterization and Performance of PtSn/C Electrocatalyst for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2004, 25(8): 1511.

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