高等学校化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 20250343.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20250343

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

柔性二维高分子: 高分子的新维度

徐嘉琦, 施睿, 朱有亮(), 吕中元()   

  1. 吉林大学化学学院, 超分子结构与材料全国重点实验室, 长春 130012
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-07 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 作者简介:朱有亮, 男, 博士, 教授, 主要从事软物质体系的介观尺度分子模拟方法和软件方面的研究. E-mail: youliangzhu@jlu.edu.cn
    吕中元, 男, 博士, 教授, 主要从事大分子自组装理论模拟方面的研究. E-mail: luzhy@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22133002);国家自然科学基金(22273031);吉林大学计算交叉创新平台项目资助

Flexible Two-dimensional Polymers: a New Dimension in Polymer

XU Jiaqi, SHI Rui, ZHU Youliang(), LU Zhongyuan()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials,College of Chemistry,Jilin University,Changchun 130023,China
  • Received:2025-11-07 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2025-12-01
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22133002);the Jilin University Computing Cross-Innovation Platform Project, China

摘要:

相较于一维和三维高分子, 二维高分子的理论框架还不完备, 特别是柔性二维高分子, 其独特的构象特征及由此产生的物理性质尚缺乏系统的理论解释, 是当前高分子科学中亟待深入研究的核心科学问题之一. 本文综合评述了柔性二维高分子在理论与计算机模拟方面的研究进展, 首先回顾了20世纪80年代关于系连膜的早期理论研究. 这些研究通过分子动力学模拟, 揭示了自回避相互作用将导致二维网络在热力学极限下展现为平坦构象, 而不会发生预期的皱缩转变. 在此基础上, 进一步阐述了21世纪以来该领域的重要突破: 计算机模拟不仅验证了二维高分子平衡构象与输运性质(如特性黏度)的标度关系, 还通过引入可调网格模型, 在理论上统一了长期存在争议的平坦与皱缩构象, 揭示了两者共存的物理机制; 同时, 建立了从平坦、 多级折叠直至塌缩的完整构象演化路径. 最后, 展望了该领域在精准制备有序柔性网络及利用理论指导智能响应材料设计等方面面临的机遇与挑战.

关键词: 二维聚合物, 柔性, 构象, 标度关系

Abstract:

Compared with one-dimensional(1D) and three-dimensional(3D) polymers, the theory framework of two-dimensional(2D) polymers is still incomplete, especially for flexible 2D polymers. Their unique conformation and properties are one of the mysterious questions in the polymer science. This article comprehensively reviews the theoretical and simulation research progress of flexible 2D polymers, aiming to systematically sort out the development of the field of flexible 2D polymers from early theoretical prototypes to recent conformational physics research. First, this article reviews theoretical research on tethered membranes from the 1980s. Early molecular dynamics simulations revealed that self-avoidance causes 2D networks to approach a flat state at the thermodynamic limit, rather than undergoing a crumpled transition. Building on this foundation, this article further elaborates on significant breakthroughs in the field since the 21st century. Computer simulations have not only validated the scaling relationships between the equilibrium conformations of 2D polymers and their transport properties(such as intrinsic viscosity), but also theoretically unified the long-debated flat and crumpled conformations by introducing an adjustable mesh model, thereby revealing the physical mechanism of their coexistence. Furthermore, a complete conformational evolution path-ranging from flat to multi-level folded, and ultimately to collapsed states has been systematically established. Finally, this article provides an outlook on the opportunities and challenges facing the field, particularly regarding the precise preparation of ordered flexible networks and the utilization of theoretical insights to guide the design of intelligent responsive materials.

Key words: Two-dimensional polymer, Flexibility, Conformation, Scaling relation

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