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Visible Light-driven Carboxylation with CO2 ZHANG Zhen, DENG Yu, ZHANG Qinfang, YU Dagang Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (7): 20220255-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220255 Abstract （1999）   HTML （105）    PDF（pc） （11197KB）（1307）       Knowledge map    Save Carbon dioxide（CO2） is not only a well-known greenhouse gas but also one important C1 resource. It is very important to realize organic transformations with CO2 to generate high value-added compounds. Given the importance of carboxylic acid and derivatives which are widely found in natural products， medicines， daily chemicals and industrial raw materials， the synthesis of carboxylic acids with CO2 has become an important research direction. On the other hand， high temperature and other harsh conditions are always required in this field due to the low reactivity of CO2. To solve such problems， visible light is used as an clean energy source to drive the effective transformations of CO2， which has been developed significantly in last few years. This review mainly introduced and summarized the visible light-driven carboxylation with CO2 in recent years， and classified them according to types of important chemical raw materials， such as alkenes， alkynes， aldehydes and ketones， imines organo（pseudo）halides and others. The characteristics and mechanisms of each reaction were discussed. In addition， this review also provided perspective to this emerging field. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bio-chemical Synthesis of Melanin Precursor—— 5，6-Dihydroxyindole（DHI） JIN Ruiming, MU Xiaoqing, XU Yan Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (8): 20220134-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220134 Abstract （1681）   HTML （47）    PDF（pc） （1746KB）（907）       Knowledge map    Save In this study， the biological oxidation step for the synthesis of dopachrome（DC） from L-3，4-dihydroxyphenylalanine（L-Dopa） catalyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741/pYX212-TYR and the chemical step for the reductive synthesis of 5，6-dihydroxyindole（DHI） from DC were coupled， realizing the bio-chemical synthesis of DHI. By optimizing the reaction conditions and the oxygen supply strategy of the biological oxidation step， the conversion rate of L-Dopa increased to 94.75%； by optimizing the reaction conditions and chemical additives of the chemical reduction step， the yield of DHI increased to 90.03%. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectroscopy（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） identification for the products showed that DHI-soluble oligomers existed in the reaction system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Performance of Paraffin/Expanded Graphite/Graphene Composite Phase Change Heat Storage Material YAN Jiasen, HAN Xianying, DANG Zhaohan, LI Jiangang, HE Xiangming Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (6): 20220054-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220054 Abstract （1489）   HTML （48）    PDF（pc） （3231KB）（711）       Knowledge map    Save The paraffin/expanded graphite/graphene aerogel composite phase change material was prepared by using paraffin（PA） as the phase change heat storage material， expanded graphite（EG） as the main thermal conductive material and support material， and graphene aerogel（GA） as the thermal conductivity enhancement material and auxiliary support material. The effects of the amount of GA added on the phase transition temperature， latent heat of phase transition， thermal conductivity and cycling stability of the composite material were investigated. The results show that the phase change material with composition of 80%PA-17%EG-3%GA has good thermal conductivity and excellent cycling stability. Compared with 80%PA-20%EG composite material， it exhibits almost the same phase transition temperature， latent heat of phase transition and cycling stability， but increased thermal conductivity from 4.089 W/（m·K） to 5.336 W/（m·K）， showing good application prospects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of CO2 Electroreduction to Oxalic Acid SONG Dewen, WANG Mingwang, WANG Yani, JIAO Zhenmei, NING Hui, WU Mingbo Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (7): 20220248-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220248 Abstract （1484）   HTML （107）    PDF（pc） （4807KB）（1267）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years， climate issues such as global warming caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions have attracted wide attention around the world. And carbon emission reduction has become a common challenge to the sustainable development of human society. The conversion of carbon dioxide into high value-added chemicals by electrochemical methods is one of the ideal ways to achieve emission reduction and high value-added utilization of carbon dioxide. However， there are still many problems such as high energy consumption， low carbon dioxide conversion， poor product selectivity and difficult separation. In this paper， we take the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to oxalic acid as an example， comprehensively introduce the research progress from the aspects of reaction mechanism， catalysts， electrolyte， electrode and reactor. The key problems in the production of oxalic acid by carbon dioxide electroreduction are discussed and some valuable suggestions are put forward for the future research of carbon dioxide electroreduction to oxalic acid. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol ZHOU Zixuan, YANG Haiyan, SUN Yuhan, GAO Peng Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (7): 20220235-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220235 Abstract （1421）   HTML （102）    PDF（pc） （12477KB）（1050）       Knowledge map    Save The utilization of fossil fuels has enabled an unprecedented era of prosperity and advancement of well- being for human society. However， the associated increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions can negatively affect global temperatures and ocean acidity. Moreover， as a limited resource， the depletion of fossil fuels will ultimately force one to seek alternative carbon sources to maintain a sustainable development. Using green hydrogen obtained from the water electrolysis process carried out using electricity generated from renewable sources， the hydrogenation of captured CO2 to methanol not only efficiently utilizes the excess effluent CO2 from industrial gaseous waste， but also produces a clean and renewable chemical feedstock of methanol， the core of which is to develop highly efficient and stable catalysts for methanol formation. In this review， we discuss the reaction mechanism and structure-activity relationship of common heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol which has attracted great attention in the past decades. We also review the latest development in the design and synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts（Cu-based catalyst， noble metal catalyst and bimetallic catalysts， oxide catalyst and other novel catalysts） for methanol synthesis through the direct hydrogenation of CO2. Moreover， the opportunities and challenges in this field are also prospected. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Research Progress on Platinum Single-atom Catalysts REN Shijie, QIAO Sicong, LIU Chongjing, ZHANG Wenhua, SONG Li Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (9): 20220466-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220466 Abstract （1358）   HTML （49）    PDF（pc） （18155KB）（549）       Knowledge map    Save As comparison with bulk materials， platinum single-atom catalysts（Pt SACs） that possess almost 100% noble-metal utilization， superior catalytic activity and homogeneous reactive sites， generally emerge as a promising frontier. The interfacial interactions between highly dispersed Pt atoms and supports largely determine their chemical and physical properties. Hence， constructing the real correlation between metal-support interactions and catalytic performances is essential to guide the optimization design of Pt SACs. Thanks to high flux， high collimation and wide-range wavelengths from synchrotron radiation light source， X-ray absorption spectroscopy（XAS） exhibits unparalleled capacity in the identification of electronic structure and local coordination of SACs. In this prospection， we aim to briefly discuss the synchrotron-radiation XAS research progress on Pt SACs. The unique interaction between Pt and multiply supports， such as metal oxides， metals， nanocarbons and porous organic frameworks， is highlighted in order to give better understanding on the influence mechanism. Ultimately， high-resolution characterizations on Pt SACs based on new synchrotron radiation techniques are prospective and recommended. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ordered Mesoporous Materials： History， Progress and Perspective GUO Cheng, ZHANG Wei, TANG Yun Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (8): 20220167-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220167 Abstract （1296）   HTML （56）    PDF（pc） （21747KB）（864）       Knowledge map    Save Ordered mesoporous materials with pore diameters ranged from 2 nm to 50 nm possess ordered mesostructures， high surface areas， large pore volumes and tunable compositions， which have received great research interests in many fields. In the past decades， the precise synthesis， rational design， and controllable functionalization of ordered mesoporous materials have made great progresses， thereby laying a solid foundation for the practical applications， including energy storage and conversion， catalysis， biomedicine， and sensing. This review first summarizes the development history of ordered mesoporous materials comprehensively， and the milestones in this field are reviewed in detail. After that， based on the structure-property relationship， the latest progresses of ordered mesoporous materials in emerging fields， such as energy， catalysis and biomedicine are overviewed. In the last， the research challenges in this field are presented and the future perspectives are outlined. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modified Quasichemical Model for Manifold Short-range Orders in Binary Solutions： Unity of Opposites for the Ordered Pairs WANG Kun, ZOU Xingli, CAO Zhanmin, LI Chonghe, LU Xionggang Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (11): 20220391-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220391 Abstract （1292）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1164KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save Within the framework of the quasichemical model， assuming all ordered pairs of atoms to be distingui-shable， a modified quasichemical model for twofold short-range orders（SROs） was firstly constructed， and then several theoretical limits that the model can reach were discussed. These discussions were summarized and enhanced to establish the theory of unity of opposites for ordered pairs. Based on this theory， the modified quasichemical model for twofold SROs were further generalized， which leads to the successful development of the modified quasichemical model for manifold SROs. The model can efficiently describe the thermodynamic behavior of binary melts containing manifold short-range ordering configurations. The Bi-K melt with at least two observed SROs were selected to test the rationality and reliability of the model. The results show that， apart from the coordination numbers， only four model parameters are needed to reasonably reproduce all the thermochemical data of the binary melt. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Near-infrared-Ⅱ Fluorescence Imaging for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy WANG Shiqi, LUO Bowen, YU Jicheng, GU Zhen Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (12): 20220577-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220577 Abstract （1290）   HTML （81）    PDF（pc） （13891KB）（631）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the distinct advantages of deep tissue penetration and high spatial-temporal resolution， near- infrared-Ⅱ（NIR-Ⅱ， 1000—1700 nm） fluorescence imaging technology that developed rapidly in the last decade has attracted extensive attentions for its great potential in tumor diagnosis and therapy. In this review， we first illustrated the mechanism and advantages of fluorescence imaging in the NIR-Ⅱ window. Afterward， the current fluorophores were categorized according to chemical structures， and their properties were introduced respectively. We also highlighted the advances in the development of fluorescence probes and their applications in tumor detection， surgery resection and phototherapy. Finally， we discussed the limitations of current NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence probes and the challenges during clinical translation as well as prospects for future biomedical applications. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides CAO Shujie, LI Hongjun, GUAN Wenli, REN Mengtian, ZHOU Chuanzheng Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (3): 20220304-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220304 Abstract （1219）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （3881KB）（782）       Knowledge map    Save Phosphorothioate（PS） oligonucleotides have found a wide range of applications in biochemical mechanism studies， biomedicine， materials and related fields. The stereo configuration of PS has a remarkable effect on the biochemical properties of PS nucleic acids， which has aroused wide interest in developing methods for efficient and stereoselective synthesis of PS oligonucleotides in the past 30 years. This review summarized the methods for stereocontrolled synthesis of PS oligonucleotides， with a focus on the research progress in the past decade. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods were comparatively analyzed. Finally， the prospect of stereocontrolled synthesis of PS oligonucleotides was briefly discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction over Pyrrole Nitrogen-coordinated Single-atom Copper Catalysts ZHAO Runyao, JI Guipeng, LIU Zhimin Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (7): 20220272-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220272 Abstract （1210）   HTML （51）    PDF（pc） （4149KB）（411）       Knowledge map    Save A series of carbon nanotube supported copper single-atom catalysts（SACu/CNT-x） was synthesized by a temperature-controlled impregnation-pyrolysis method. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure（EXAFS） analysis indicates that the single-atom copper sites were coordinated with pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N， respectively， in the catalysts. The catalysts were applied in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. It was indicated that the catalyst with pyrrole N-coordinated copper single-atom sites showed high activity for CO2 electroreduction， affording a high CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.3% at -0.70 V（vs.RHE）. Electrochemical experiments show that the pyrrole N-coordinated copper single-atom center has a good inhibitory effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electrocatalytic Oxidative Cleavage of Lignin： Facile and Efficient Biomass Valorization Strategy XU Jianing, BAI Wenjing, LOU Yuhan, YU Haipeng, DOU Shuo Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (5): 20220749-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220749 Abstract （1159）   HTML （43）    PDF（pc） （5356KB）（990）       Knowledge map    Save Lignin， as an intriguing native renewable aromatic polymer， can be depolymerized into aromatic platform chemicals by catalysis procedures， and its high-value conversion is of great significance for realizing the green and sustainable production of biofuels， fine chemicals， and bulk chemicals. With this regard， catalytic oxidation of lignin through electrochemistry offers an economized energy nature with tunable potential or current to determine the products selectivity and conversion rate. However， to realize the controllable degradation of lignin， the electrocatalytic system， including the catalysts， electrolyte， reaction cell， etc.， should be rationally designed based on the well-understanding of the depolymerization mechanism. In this review， we focused on the bond cleavage mechanism of C—C bond and C—O bond， respectively， in the depolymerization of lignin. Research works based on the different bond cleavage mechanisms in the electrochemical oxidation of lignin and its model compounds to aromatic monomers in recent years were reviewed here， including the different types of catalytic systems， electrocatalysts， and free radical initiators. Of which the free radical intermediates play decisive role in the highly selective cleavage of C—O and C—C bonds. Finally， the challenges and development perspectives in the future of electrocatalytic lignin depolymerization are also provided. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Dataset Representativeness Metric and A Slicing Sampling Strategy for the Kennard-Stone Algorithm WU Qingying, ZHU Zhenyu, WU Jianming, XU Xin Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (10): 20220397-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220397 Abstract （1138）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （1847KB）（516）       Knowledge map    Save In machine learning with big data， it is essential to prepare a representative dataset for training a model. The Kennard-Stone（KS） algorithm and its derivatives are a large class of excellent dataset splitting methods. But it rely heavily on empirical selection or modeling results to determine the sampling ratio and sampling number. In addition， its computational complexity is \mathrm{O}\left(K^{\mathrm{3}}\right)\text{?} according to the original literature， making it difficult to apply to massive data. In this paper， we design a metric based on dataset completeness to quantify the representativeness degree of an extracted subset to the whole dataset. An amendment using dynamic programming algorithm is put to reduce the algorithm complexity to {\mathrm{O}}^{\text{'}}\left(K^{\mathrm{2}}\right). And a slicing sampling strategy is proposed to divide the whole dataset into several subset and implement KS sampling respectively， which can further improve the algorithm efficiency to {\mathrm{O}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}\left(K\right). The partial least squares regression test results show that the method can improve the sampling efficiency while still ensuring the representativeness of the finally extracted dataset. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of DNA Silver Nanoclusters in the Fluorescence Biosensors based on Functional Nucleic Acids WANG Junyang, LIU Zheng, ZHANG Qian, SUN Chunyan, LI Hongxia Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (6): 20220010-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220010 Abstract （1131）   HTML （422）    PDF（pc） （10068KB）（1054）       Knowledge map    Save DNA silver nanoclusters（DNA-AgNCs） are a kind of fluorescent nanoprobes obtained by reducing Ag+ with NaBH4 using DNA as template， because the N atoms on the base heterocyclic are combined with Ag+. Due to the advantages of simple synthesis method， good biocompatibility and adjustable fluorescence emission wavelength， DNA-AgNCs have been widely used in the fields of analysis and detection. In this paper， the application of DNA-AgNCs as label-free fluorescent probes in functional nucleic acids biosensing detection is classified and summarized. In addition， conclusive views on the deficiencies and application potential are put forward， which provide references for future research and application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visible-light-driven Selective Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Earth-abundant Metalloporphyrin Complexes QIU Liqi, YAO Xiangyang, HE Liangnian Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (7): 20220064-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220064 Abstract （1125）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （8391KB）（1402）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing energy shortage and environmental problems， the search for clean and renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels is one of the most urgent tasks facing scientists in this century. In order to achieve our "carbon neutrality" strategic goal， the conversion of carbon dioxide（CO2） into clean fuels and chemicals using solar energy is one of the ways to achieve the sustainable development of our society. The catalyst is the core component of CO2 photoreduction technology， which can adsorb gaseous CO2 molecules and reduce them to small energy molecules such as carbon monoxide（CO）， formic acid（HCOOH）， methanol（CH3OH） and methane（CH4） under visible light irradiation. Currently， promising progress has been made in the development of novel CO2 reduction photocatalytic systems. This review summarizes the recent progress of homogeneous and heterogeneous earth-abundant metalloporphyrin-based catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction， and introduces the reaction mechanism of CO2 photoreduction to CO or CH4 by homogeneous metalporphyrin catalysts， respectively， and also discusses the important applications of metalloporphyrin-based porous organic polymers with porphyrin organometallic frameworks for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally， the prospect of visible-light-driven metalloporphyrin complex-catalyzed CO2 reduction is presented. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydrogel-based Bioinspired Ion Channels： Fabrication and Controllable Ion Transport CHEN Weipeng, KONG Xiangyu, WEN Liping Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (6): 20220772-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220772 Abstract （1108）   HTML （58）    PDF（pc） （14959KB）（946）       Knowledge map    Save The controllable ion transport is the basis of most physiological activities， such as the transmission of neural signals， the perception of external stimuli， etc. The key to realize the controllable ion transport is the various protein ion channels in life system. Inspiring researchers endeavor to develop artificial ion channels to subtly tune the ion transportation. Among the developed ion channels， hydrogel-based system exhibits the advantages of high ion selectivity and high ion conductance due to its three-dimensional（3D） charged networks induced space charges and 3D interconnection channels. As hydrogel-based ion channels hold the biocompatibility， deformability， and stable ion storage properties， it has been the focus in intelligence ion transport field and shows great potential in ion electronic circuits， medical health， energy conversion and storage， resources， and environment. To summarize the latest development of the hydrogel-based ion channels， we firstly overview on the construction methods of hydrogel-based intelligent ion channels. Thereafter， the ion transport mechanisms in the hydrogel-based ion channels are summarized， and the applications of such ion channels are categorized. At last， we discuss the existed issues and give the perspective on future development of hydrogel-based ion channels. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Single-atom and Cluster Photocatalysis： Competition and Cooperation LIN Zhi, PENG Zhiming, HE Weiqing, SHEN Shaohua Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2022, 43 (9): 20220312-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220312 Abstract （1102）   HTML （50）    PDF（pc） （7157KB）（432）       Knowledge map    Save Photocatalytic technology has been considered as a promising and sustainable technology to convert solar energy to storable chemical energy. With active sites（single metal atoms and clusters） atomically dispersed on the semiconductor， the mass and charge transfer in photocatalysis can be significantly promoted， and the photocatalytic performance can be remarkably improved. However， it is still controversial whether clusters or single-atoms are the real active sites in catalysts. In this review， the recent advances in single-atom photocatalysis are briefly introduced， with the competition and synergy of single-atoms and clusters analyzed and discussed. Then， the state-of-the-art technologies in the identification and characterization of single-atoms and clusters as photocatalytic active sites are presented. Finally， the future development of single-atoms/clusters synergistic photocatalysis in solar-chemical energy conversions such as water splitting and CO2 reduction is prospected. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advances in Transport Mechanism of Lithium Ions in Solid Electrolytes FU Zhongheng, CHEN Xiang, YAO Nan, YU Legeng, SHEN Xin, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Qiang Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (5): 20220703-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220703 Abstract （1101）   HTML （89）    PDF（pc） （9332KB）（770）       Knowledge map    Save Global challenges have promoted the rapid development of rechargeable lithium battery technology. Solid-state electrolytes are less flammable than liquid electrolytes. If the ion transport behavior in solid electrolytes is well understood， the lithium dynamic stability and rate performance of solid state batteries can be accurately regulated. With the rapid development of calculation technology， atomic scale simulation technology has become an important method to understand the ion transport of materials. To solve the above problems， this review firstly summarizes the common diffusion mechanisms in solid materials. Then the transport mechanism of lithium ions in solid electrolytes is introduced， and the important factors（crystal structure， electronic structure， external factors， grain boundaries） affecting the transport of lithium ions in solid electrolytes are emphatically included. Finally， the transport mechanism of lithium ion in solid electrolytes is summarized and prospected. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the Recognition， Complex Structure and Intracellular Detection of Nucleic Acid G-quadruplex LIU Wenting, LIU Liuyi, ZHU Bochen, MAO Zongwan Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (3): 20220419-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220419 Abstract （1062）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （7527KB）（646）       Knowledge map    Save DNA or RNA guanine-rich sequences can form non-canonical secondary structures known as G-quadruplexes. The structures of G-quadruplex are rich and diverse， and they exist dynamically in organisms. G-quadruplex is involved in key genomic functions such as transcription， replication， genomic stability and epigenetic regulation and is closely related to cancer biology. The studies on the structural and functional mechanisms of G-quadruplex have promoted G-quadruplex-targeted tumor intervention and treatment. This paper reviews the specific recognition， cell detection and biological functional regulation of G-quadruplex， summarizes the research progress in designing small molecules recognizing and targeting of G-quadruplex and their complex structures. The possibility of G-quadruplex-targeted intervention and disease treatment is discussed. Finally， the challenges and opportunities in the future research of G-quadruplex field are prospected. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Self-assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Spatial Confinement： from Colloidal Liquid Crystals to Functional Materials DUAN Yixiong, YANG Bai, LI Yunfeng Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (2): 20220474-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220474 Abstract （1031）   HTML （76）    PDF（pc） （11645KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save Cellulose nanocrystals（CNCs）， as one of the most promising bioderived materials， have many important applications in the fields of energy， biomedicine and photonic materials because of their abundance， biocompatibility， and ability to form photonic structures. This perspective highlights the recent advances in the self-assembly of CNCs in spatially confined geometry. We review the preparation of CNCs， the cholesteric liquid crystal formed by CNCs， photonic materials derived from CNCs， self-assembly of CNCs in the droplets and cylindrical capillary and functional materials based on the confined assembly of CNCs， and discuss the new research directions in the self- assembly of CNCs in spatial confinement. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics