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Hydrogel-based Bioinspired Ion Channels： Fabrication and Controllable Ion Transport CHEN Weipeng, KONG Xiangyu, WEN Liping Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (6): 20220772-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220772 Abstract （580）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （14959KB）（775）       Knowledge map    Save The controllable ion transport is the basis of most physiological activities， such as the transmission of neural signals， the perception of external stimuli， etc. The key to realize the controllable ion transport is the various protein ion channels in life system. Inspiring researchers endeavor to develop artificial ion channels to subtly tune the ion transportation. Among the developed ion channels， hydrogel-based system exhibits the advantages of high ion selectivity and high ion conductance due to its three-dimensional（3D） charged networks induced space charges and 3D interconnection channels. As hydrogel-based ion channels hold the biocompatibility， deformability， and stable ion storage properties， it has been the focus in intelligence ion transport field and shows great potential in ion electronic circuits， medical health， energy conversion and storage， resources， and environment. To summarize the latest development of the hydrogel-based ion channels， we firstly overview on the construction methods of hydrogel-based intelligent ion channels. Thereafter， the ion transport mechanisms in the hydrogel-based ion channels are summarized， and the applications of such ion channels are categorized. At last， we discuss the existed issues and give the perspective on future development of hydrogel-based ion channels. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electrocatalytic Oxidative Cleavage of Lignin： Facile and Efficient Biomass Valorization Strategy XU Jianing, BAI Wenjing, LOU Yuhan, YU Haipeng, DOU Shuo Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (5): 20220749-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220749 Abstract （475）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （5356KB）（295）       Knowledge map    Save Lignin， as an intriguing native renewable aromatic polymer， can be depolymerized into aromatic platform chemicals by catalysis procedures， and its high-value conversion is of great significance for realizing the green and sustainable production of biofuels， fine chemicals， and bulk chemicals. With this regard， catalytic oxidation of lignin through electrochemistry offers an economized energy nature with tunable potential or current to determine the products selectivity and conversion rate. However， to realize the controllable degradation of lignin， the electrocatalytic system， including the catalysts， electrolyte， reaction cell， etc.， should be rationally designed based on the well-understanding of the depolymerization mechanism. In this review， we focused on the bond cleavage mechanism of C—C bond and C—O bond， respectively， in the depolymerization of lignin. Research works based on the different bond cleavage mechanisms in the electrochemical oxidation of lignin and its model compounds to aromatic monomers in recent years were reviewed here， including the different types of catalytic systems， electrocatalysts， and free radical initiators. Of which the free radical intermediates play decisive role in the highly selective cleavage of C—O and C—C bonds. Finally， the challenges and development perspectives in the future of electrocatalytic lignin depolymerization are also provided. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Water Flooding at Different Positions of Cathode Side on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell CHEN Yafeng, ZENG Liuli, GUO Wei Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (6): 20230003-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230003 Abstract （463）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1452KB）（249）       Knowledge map    Save The discharge of the water generated by the cathode of the fuel cell is mainly related to the catalytic layer， carbon paper， microporous layer and flow channel. The accumulation of generated water in these four parts will cause flooding. However， it is difficult to distinguish which part of the water flooding is caused by the accumulation during the operation of the fuel cell. In this paper， hydrophilic and hydrophobic treatment was carried out on different parts of the cathode side（catalytic layer， carbon paper， microporous layer， flow passage） to obtain local flooding in different parts. Then， the flooding situation of fuel cells was analyzed under different stoich， humidity， back pressure and other conditions. The test results show that with the decrease of stoich， the performance of the battery without hydrophobic treatment in carbon paper is the most serious decline， and the impedance arc radius of the battery is increased by 1.5 times. When the cathode was humidified at 10%， the performance of the cells without hydrophobic treatment in carbon paper and flow passage was poor， and the impedance are radius of the two cells was 50% larger than that of the cathode humidified at 60%； when the cathode is 100% humidified， the performance of the cell without hydrophobic treatment in carbon paper is the best， while that of the cell without hydrophobic treatment in the catalytic layer is the worst， and the impedance arc radius of the cell without hydrophobic treatment in the catalytic layer is twice as large as that of the cell with 10% humidification. With the decrease of back pressure， the performance of the cell without hydrophobic treatment of carbon paper decreased the most seriously， and the impedance arc radius of the cell under high back pressure was 50% smaller than that under low back compression. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapid Grafting of Phenylboronic Acid with Hydroxypropyl Chitosan Mediated by HATU LI Aoqi, HU Chuanzhi, SHI Han, DENG Mingyu, XIAO Bo, JIANG Bo Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (6): 20220698-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220698 Abstract （446）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （1100KB）（206）       Knowledge map    Save Phenylboronic acid（PBA） can form reversible covalent bonds with cis-1，2-diol or 1，3-diol in an aqueous solution， which makes it useful as the glucose-responsive units or dynamic cross-linking groups in nano/hydrogels. In this paper， PBA was efficiently grafted on hydroxypropyl chitosan（HPCS） by employing 2-（7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl）- N，N，N'，N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate（HATU） as a coupling reagent in dimethyl sulfoxide（DMSO）. The resulting carboxyphenylboronic acid-grafted hydroxypropyl chitosan（CPBA-HPCS） was soluble when pH>8.5， and the structure was characterized and confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR）. In addition， the kinetics of the reaction were studied and a series of CPBA-HPCS with different substitution degrees（up to 0.78） was prepared. This novel chitosan derivative has good application prospects in the preparation of smart hydrogels and drug carriers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ion Adsorption at Water/Graphene Interface： Force Field Parameter Optimization and Adsorption Mechanism LIAO Shouwei, LIU Yanchang, SHI Zenan, ZHAO Daohui, WEI Yanying, LI Libo Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (10): 20230155-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230155 Abstract （445）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （5971KB）（178）       Knowledge map    Save The researches of salt solution confined in two-dimensional nanochannels are of great significance in a wide range of fields such as ion transport and sieving， supercapacitor， etc.， and molecular dynamics（MD） simulations in these research have become an important tool. However， it is difficult for common MD force fields（FFs） to accurately describe the ion-π interactions between two-dimensional materials（e.g.， graphene） and ions. In addition， the role of solvent effects on regulating ion adsorption on the solution/material interface also lacks in-depth studies. In this work， we have developed the FF parameters for the interactions between Li+， Na+， K+， Mg2+， Ca2+， Cl‒ ions and graphene based on the potentials of mean force（PMFs）. The ion adsorption free energies on the graphene surface（in solution） simulated using the as-developed FF coincided with the quantum chemical calculations， which verified the accuracy of the as-developed FF. Furthermore， significant correlations were found between the ion hydration radius， the inflection point of the hydration number as the ion approaches the graphene， the position of the PMFwat（the contributions of water to the PMFs of ion adsorption on graphene surface） minima and the position of the water layer on the graphene surface， elucidating the effects of ion dehydration and the water layers on graphene surface on PMFwat. In addition， the salt solution（concentration of 1 mol/L）/graphene interface systems were simulated. For the above systems， ions simulated by common MD FFs hardly absorb on graphene surface， which indicates that ion-π interactions are indispensable for accurately simulating the salt solution-graphene systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Progress in Non-fused Ring Small-molecule Acceptor Materials SUN Heng, ZHANG Pengyu, ZHANG Yingnan, ZHAN Chuanlang Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (7): 20230076-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230076 Abstract （442）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （10367KB）（355）       Knowledge map    Save The invention of non-fullerene acceptors with rigid and fused ring structures has pushed a rapid progress in the field of organic solar cells. The power conversion efficiencies（PCEs） have exceeded 19%. Compared with the fused ring structures， the non-fused ring acceptors have recently received increasing attention due to their relatively simple structures and synthesis. Since 2017， the molecular library of non-fused ring acceptors has extended up to more than 100 molecules and the PCEs have rapidly increased from the initial 4% to the recent 16%. In this review， we classified these molecules into fully non-fused ring acceptors and A-D-C n -D-A type non-fused ring acceptors， according to the non-fused ring backbone structural features. We correlate the molecular structures and the optical， electrochemical and photovoltaic properties from the aspects of non-fused ring backbone structures and side chain engineering. In particular， we focus on that the non-fused ring backbone structures， intramolecular non-covalent interactions and side chain engineering finely tune the materials’ energy levels and bandgaps and photovoltaic performance. We also give suggestions to overcome the factors that limit the increase of solar cell performance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advances in Transport Mechanism of Lithium Ions in Solid Electrolytes FU Zhongheng, CHEN Xiang, YAO Nan, YU Legeng, SHEN Xin, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Qiang Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (5): 20220703-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220703 Abstract （437）   HTML （42）    PDF（pc） （9332KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save Global challenges have promoted the rapid development of rechargeable lithium battery technology. Solid-state electrolytes are less flammable than liquid electrolytes. If the ion transport behavior in solid electrolytes is well understood， the lithium dynamic stability and rate performance of solid state batteries can be accurately regulated. With the rapid development of calculation technology， atomic scale simulation technology has become an important method to understand the ion transport of materials. To solve the above problems， this review firstly summarizes the common diffusion mechanisms in solid materials. Then the transport mechanism of lithium ions in solid electrolytes is introduced， and the important factors（crystal structure， electronic structure， external factors， grain boundaries） affecting the transport of lithium ions in solid electrolytes are emphatically included. Finally， the transport mechanism of lithium ion in solid electrolytes is summarized and prospected. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Enhancement of Solubility， Stability and Permeation of Skin-care Ingredients by Amphiphilic Sulfonated Calix［8］arene YU Hongmei, LI Shihui, TIAN Hanwen, LIN Yilin, ZHANG Shuxin, GENG Wenchao, LI Huabin, WANG Honglei, LIU Juan, GUO Dongsheng Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (10): 20230143-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230143 Abstract （416）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （1181KB）（121）       Knowledge map    Save The sulfonated calix［8］arene modified with dodecyl at the lower-rim（SC8A-12C） was synthesized to improve the solubility and stability of vitamin A（Va） in aqueous solution， and promote the percutaneous permeability of Va. Lipophilic Va is almost insoluble in water， SC8A-12C could improve solubility of Va to 1.1 mg/mL and prolong the half-life of Va in aqueous solution from 5 h to 35 h. In vitro transdermal test showed that SC8A-12C increased the transdermal amount of Va by 16.9 times. SC8A-12C also increased the solubility of various skin-care ingredients， such as phenoethylresorcinol， salicylic acid， quercetin and azelaic acid， and increased the transdermal amount of salicylic acid by 3.8 times. SC8A-12C improved the efficacy of Va through improving solubility， stability and skin permeability， and was expected to develop oil-free skin-care products of Va. In view of the SC8A-12C improving solubility of a variety of skin-care ingredients， it is expected to contribute to the development of multi-functional skin-care products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cross-linking PEDOT∶F Hole-transporting Layer to Enhance Photovoltaic Performance of Flexible Organic Solar Cells WEI Wanxia, ZHOU Xianmin, DONG Xinyun, LIU Tiefeng, XIE Cong, CHENG Jingyu, CHEN Jianping, LU Xin, FENG Kai, ZHOU Yinhua Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (7): 20230069-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230069 Abstract （396）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （1855KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save Silver nanowires（AgNWs） are important printable top electrodes in flexible organic solar cells（OSCs）. However， when fabricating AgNWs from ethanol solution， it could cause damage on the hole-transporting layer below due to washing out. In this work， we propose a cross-linking strategy on the hole-transporting layer of poly（3，4-ethylenedioxythiophene）∶perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer（PEDOT∶F） to improve its alcohol resistance. By introducing a cross-linker of poly（ethylene glycol）diglycidyl ether（PEGDE）， PEDOT：F was successfully cross-linked. Based on the cross-linked PEDOT∶F hole-transporting layer， small-area flexible OSCs（0.041 cm2） showed power conversion efficiency of 14.86%. Flexible organic solar module（21.18 cm2） was then fabricated and an efficiency of 12.38% was achieved. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structure and Photoluminescence Origin of Carbon Dots TAO Songyuan, XIA Chunlei, YANG Bai Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (10): 20230241-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230241 Abstract （389）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （18972KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save As environmentally friendly and high-performance nanomaterials， carbon dots（CDs） have shown good application potential in many cutting-edge fields， e.g. optoelectronic devices， biological diagnosis and treatment， and energy catalysis， which has attracted much attention in recent years. Due to the significant differences in raw materials and synthesis methods， CDs always show complex optical properties. Based on the previous research work of our research group and the analysis of the particle growth process， this article introduces the main photoluminescence（PL） mechanisms of CDs， including the carbon core state of conjugated π-domain， surface-edge state， organic fluorophores-like molecular state， and crosslink enhanced emission effect. This paper comprehensively reviewed controversial scientific issues on particle structure and PL origin in the field of CDs， and prospected the future trends. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Progress of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries YANG Cuiyun, YANG Chenghao Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (5): 20220728-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220728 Abstract （382）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （16813KB）（237）       Knowledge map    Save Sodium ion batteries（SIBs） have been regarded as the compatible and complementary to lithium ion batteries for energy storage due to abundant sodium resources， low cost and excellent low temperature performance. Therefore， accelerating the commercialization of SIBs can reduce the risk of lithium supply to ensure the long-term stable development of the new energy industry. As the host material for intercalation of large-radius sodium ions， the related design and development requirements of anode material are more demanding. Currently， hard carbon（HC） has been considered one of the most suitable anode materials for sodium ion batteries and large-scale commercialization. This paper reviews the bottleneck of high performance SIBs development， the materials characteristics， sodium storage mechanism and functionalized design strategies of hard carbon materials. Moreover， the advantages and disadvantages of various optimization strategies are discussed. Finally， future developments and challenges relating to ideal HCs are also proposed on the basis of recent progress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Understanding the Water Structures in Deep Eutectic Solvents by Near-infrared Spectroscopy WANG Yan, CAI Wengsheng, SHAO Xueguang Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (6): 20230017-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230017 Abstract （375）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （2122KB）（282）       Knowledge map    Save The hydrogen bond network structure of choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvents（DESs）-water mixtures was studied in the range of 5%—95% water content by near infrared spectroscopy. Through the analysis of the near-infrared spectra after choline chloride and urea mixing， the spectral feature of the interaction between urea —NH group and choline chloride Cl- was found， indicating that the formation of NH···Cl- was the reason for the decrease of DESs melting point. Through the near-infrared spectrum analysis of DESs-water mixtures with different water contents， the spectral information of the interaction between water molecules and between water molecules and the —NH and C=O groups in urea was found. Water mainly exists in three kinds of structures， including the bulk water， the hydrated water with urea C=O and the bridge water connect —NH groups. The bulk water destroyed NH···Cl- in DESs， reducing the stability of the system， while the bridge water between urea —NH molecules and the hydrated water with urea C=O increase the stability of the system. The relative content of the three water structures in DESs is related to the water content. The water content of 40%—80% can not only effectively reduce the viscosity of the system， but also maintain the properties of DESs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Advances in Green C-N Coupling for Urea Synthesis ZHANG Xiaoran, ZHENG Jianyun, LYU Yanhong, WANG Shuangyin Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (5): 20220717-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220717 Abstract （367）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （6788KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Save The industrial synthesis of chemicals usually operates under harsh conditions with high energy consumption， aggravating energy crisis and environmental concerns. Driven by renewable electricity or/and solar energy， the energy barrier of the reaction could be reduced to achieve the efficient and green synthesis of chemicals under milder conditions. As the main small molecules， carbon dioxide and nitrogen can be used to synthesize various carbon and nitrogen-containing fuels through electrocatalysis， which can alleviate environmental problems while reducing the pressure of energy depletion and achieve the purpose of efficient energy storage. This paper briefly summarizes the recent advances in electrochemical conversion of N2 and CO2， focusing on the improvement of reaction conditions， the adjustment of reaction route， and the investigation of catalytic mechanism. The current challenges and future development for electrocatalytic coupling of C-N are prospected. This mini-review provides a useful guidance for further developing electrochemical conversion of N2 and CO2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Split Intein： a Versatile Tool for Traceless Peptide Segment Ligation HAN Dongyang, REN Yuxiang, YANG Ziyi, HUANG He, ZHENG Jishen Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (10): 20230188-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230188 Abstract （350）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （5394KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Save Split intein can efficiently ligate peptide segments via a splicing reaction in a traceless manner and therefore has attracted great attention. Based on the structural characteristics and splicing reaction process of split intein， this paper comprehensively reviewed the recent progresses on the performance optimization and expanded applications of split intein， and revealed its great potential in the field of chemical protein synthesis as an increasingly sophisticated protein engineering technology. Finally， the challenges presented in the split intein- mediated protein trans-splicing and potential solutions in the future research were briefly discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Process of Carbon-based Catalysts for the Production of H2O2 by Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction： Strategies， Calculation and Practical Applications ZHANG Xiaoyu, QU Gan, XUE Dongping, YAN Wenfu, ZHANG Jianan Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (5): 20220775-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20220775 Abstract （345）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （12402KB）（148）       Knowledge map    Save Hydrogen peroxide（H2O2） as a multifunctional and environmentally friendly oxidizer， plays a crucial role in industrial production， bleaching， disinfection， and wastewater treatment， etc. The traditional anthraquinone process is not the ideal choice for batch H2O2 production due to the disadvantages of environmental pollution， insecurity， and complicated process. Typically， H2O2 can be synthesized by the 2-electron（2e‒） oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） process， which process is a promising alternative to produce the H2O2 at a large scale. Carbon-based materials are considered as one kind of the best catalysts for 2e‒ ORR due to their abundant reserves， low cost， adjustable structure， and good conductivity. Therefore， this paper reviews the research progress of carbon-based catalysts in 2e‒ ORR for H2O2. Firstly， the basic principle of 2e‒ ORR is introduced， and the key factors affecting the ORR path are revealed. Then， density functional theory（DFT） employed to reveal the essence of catalytic active sites is introduced. After that， several effective strategies on catalysts for promoting the production of H2O2 are summarized in detail， including optimized single atom catalysts（SACs）， defect engineering on catalyst surface， pyrrole nitrogen doping， oxygen-containing functional groups doping， and other heteroatoms（e.g. S， P， F） doping. At last， the deve-lopment of the practical applications in the devices for mass production of H2O2 are discussed. Finally， the potential opportunities and challenges in the future development of electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 are proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Breakthrough Progresses in the Fundamental Research of Zeolites in China QI Ganggang, MENG Xiangju Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (10): 20230227-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230227 Abstract （334）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （17508KB）（243）       Knowledge map    Save Zeolites have been widely used in ion-exchange， sorption and separation as well as catalysis fields due to their large surface area， high adsorption capacity， uniform and intricate channels， high thermal and hydrothermal stabilities， and well-defined micropores with excellent shape-selectivity in catalysis. In recent years， a series of breakthrough achievements has been made in the fundamental research of zeolites in China. This manuscript will briefly summarize these progresses including the accelerated crystallization of zeolites via hydroxyl free radicals， construction of stable aluminosilicate zeolite with extra-large pores， in-situ imaging of topological flexibility of a rigid zeolite framework as well as atomic imaging of zeolite-confined single molecules by electron microscopy， excellent performance in adsorption-separation and catalytic transformation of small hydrocarbon molecules， and flexible zeolite electrolyte solid-state Li-air battery. Prospective and challenges in the fundamental research of zeolites will also be conveyed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visualization of Protein-specific Glycosylation and Photodynamic Therapy via an Enzyme-free Amplification Strategy of Catalytic Hairpin Assembly and Hybridization Chain Reaction LI Ting, XING Simin, LIU Yang Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (8): 20230140-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230140 Abstract （330）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （5050KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save Herein， a highly sensitive， enzyme-free signal amplification strategy based on the proximity-induced catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction（CHA-HCR） was developed for protein-specific glycosy-lation fluorescence imaging of cancer cells in situ and highly efficient photodynamic therapy. Two DNA probes were designed for the specific labeling of target proteins and glycans， respectively， where the protein probe（PP） identified the MUC1 protein by aptamer and the glycan probe（GP） specifically bound to sialic acid via bioorthogonal reaction. Due to the proximity effect， the CHA initiation sequence in the PP hybridized with the adjacent GPs and triggered a subsequent CHA-HCR cascade reaction. An extended double-stranded DNA strand with multiple fluorescent molecules or photosensitizers formed on specific glycosylation of the target protein， which provided a universal avenue for the multiple glycosylation imaging on the cancer cell surface with high sensitivity and a valuable way for photodynamic therapy with enhanced cytotoxic effect by targeting the specific glycoproteins. This strategy supplies the reference for uncovering the mechanism of glycosylation， screening glycan-related biomarkers and developing targeted therapies. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of PLGA-Curcumin Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Anti-inflammatory Properties in vitro LI Zhen, HAO Kai, HE Chaoliang, TIAN Huayu Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (10): 20230154-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230154 Abstract （321）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （5239KB）（140）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper， we used polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） aqueous solution as the aqueous phase， poly lactic- co-glycolic acid（PLGA） and curcumin（Cur） dichloromethane solution as the oil phase to prepare curcumin-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles（PLGA@Cur NPs） by a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion method. PLGA@Cur improved the dispersion of curcumin and enhanced its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The results of dynamic light scattering（DLS） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） showed that PLGA@Cur NPs was homogeneous and spherical with an average size of （340.1±14.9） nm， a polydispersity index（PDI） of （0.22±0.01） and a potential of （-20.20±4.17） mV， and had good stability. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of Cur in PLGA@Cur NPs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the encapsulation rate was 15.1% and the drug loading rate was 34.9%. The results at the cellular level showed that PLGA@Cur NPs had good biocompatibility and could scavenge a variety of reactive oxygen species（ROS）， and effectively reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by RAW 264.7 macrophages and alleviate inflammation at the cellular level. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Benzotriazole-based Polymer Acceptors with Precise Structures for All-polymer Solar Cells ZHANG Yue, WU Baoqi, TIAN Shizeng, HUANG Xuelong, LI Junyu, PAN Langheng, HUANG Fei, CAO Yong, DUAN Chunhui Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (7): 20230129-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230129 Abstract （310）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （6344KB）（131）       Knowledge map    Save In this contribution， two polymer acceptors（PT1-γ and PT1-δ） based on benzotriazole（BTz） were designed and synthesized by regulating the polymerization sites. The effects of polymerization sites on the optical absorption， electrochemical energy levels， charge carrier mobility， and device performance of all-polymer solar cells （all-PSCs） were comprehensively investigated. Compared to PT1-δ， the polymer PT1-γ exhibited narrower optical bandgap and higher electron mobility. As a result， the PT1-γ-based all-PSC achieved a promising power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 11.92% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.89 V， a high short-circuit current density of 21.25 mA/cm2， and a fill factor of 0.63 when blended with PBDB-T， which is higher than 9.68% of the all-PSC based on PT1-δ. This work demonstrates that the polymerization site has a very significant effect on the optoelectronic properties of benzotriazole-based polymer acceptors. Therefore， regulating the polymerization sites of monomers is an effective design strategy for the development of high-performance polymer acceptors. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the Efficiency Regulation of Organic Solar Cells by Volatile Solid Additives SONG Xin, GAO Shenzheng, XU Shanlei, XU Hao, ZHOU Xinjie, ZHU Mengbing, HAO Rulin, ZHU Weiguo Chem. J. Chinese Universities    2023, 44 (9): 20230151-.   DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20230151 Abstract （308）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （18507KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save Bulk heterojunction（BHJ） organic solar cells（OSCs） are considered a promising photovoltaic technology due to their solution-processability， eco-friendliness， non-toxicity， and flexibility. The nanoscale morphology of the active layer is a key factor that determines device performance and stability. Researchers have developed various morphology optimization methods， such as thermal annealing， solvent annealing， and solvent additives. However， these treatment methods are incompatible with large-area printing processes and may compromise the internal morphology and device performance stability. Consequently， it is essential to screen a simple yet efficient approach for morphology control in OSC area. In recent years， volatile solid additives have emerged as a feasible direction to improve the energy conversion efficiency（PCE） and stability of OSCs due to their unique molecular properties， which can form strong interaction forces with donor/acceptor molecules. This article systematically summarized the research status of non-halogenated and halogenated volatile solid additives in regulating the morphology and photovoltaic performance of OSCs. We deeply discussed the different mechanisms of optimizing active layer morphology by volatile solid additives， including molecular adsorption energy， interaction between donor and acceptor， crystal nucleation， and growth. Finally， this article analyzed the challenges and future development trends of volatile solid additive. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics