高等学校化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 20260112.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20260112

• 高分子化学 • 上一篇    下一篇

高活性纳米纤维膜表面的微结构调控及透气透湿性能强化机理

靳昊1, 李湘2, 刘志扬2, 张一帆2, 王艳2, 屠坤坤1, 户书达1, 李世航1(), 徐欢2   

  1. 1.中国矿业大学碳中和研究院
    2.材料与物理学院, 徐州 221116
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-17 出版日期:2026-11-10 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 李世航 E-mail:shihangli@cumt.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52404265;52474259;52404195;52573054);国家重点研发计划项目(2025YFE0219700;2024YFC3015003);江苏省基础研究计划重点项目(BK20253032)

Regulation of Surface Microstructure of Nanofibrous Membranes for Enhanced Moisture and Air Permeability

JIN Hao1, LI Xiang2, LIU Zhiyang2, ZHANG Yifan2, WANG Yan2, TU Kunkun1, HU Shuda1, LI Shihang1(), XU Huan2   

  1. 1.School of Carbon Neutrality Institute
    2.School of Materials Science and Physics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China
  • Received:2026-03-17 Online:2026-11-10 Published:2026-09-09
  • Contact: LI Shihang E-mail:shihangli@cumt.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52404265;52474259;52404195;52573054);the Key Program of Jiangsu Provincial Research Foundation for Basic Research, China(BK20253032);the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFE0219700)

摘要:

采用一步静电纺丝法构筑了纤维表面具有微沟槽结构的聚乳酸(PLA)/醋酸纤维素(CA)/银掺杂二氧化 钛(Ag-TiO2)纳米颗粒复合纳米纤维膜(PCA NFMs). 通过引入CA并利用二元溶剂挥发速率差异诱导相分离, 在纤维表面形成沿轴向分布的沟槽结构, 显著增大纤维比表面积, 为捕获颗粒物提供丰富的物理吸附位点; 同时, Ag-TiO2纳米颗粒作为电荷陷阱均匀嵌入高分子基体, 协同增强界面极化与电荷捕获能力, 赋予材料 优异的驻极体特性. 得益于此, PCA NFMs展现出显著提升的电活性. 优化后膜表面电位达2.21 kV, 输出短路电流达78.64 nA, 开路电压达69.52 V, 均为纯PLA膜的3倍以上, 表现出稳定的电荷储存与输出能力. 过滤性能测试结果表明, 其在10 L/min流速下对可吸入超细颗粒物(PM0.3)过滤效率达99.07%, 压降仅20.5 Pa, 实现了高效过滤与低气流阻力的协同优化. 此外, PCA NFMs兼具优异的呼吸佩戴舒适性, 其水蒸气透过率高达7875.1 g·m⁻2·d⁻1, 透气率高达166.9 mm/s, 并具有良好的疏水特性, 这源于其贯通性孔隙网络与纤维表面纳米级粗糙结构的协同作用, 为长期佩戴提供了高效且健康的防护界面. 本文通过微沟槽构筑与电活性增强的协同设计, 实现了高效低阻过滤、 强电输出性能与佩戴舒适性的多重功能集成.

关键词: 聚乳酸, 纳米纤维滤膜, 表面微结构, 电活性, 透气透湿性

Abstract:

In this work, polylactic acid(PLA)/cellulose acetate(CA)/Ag-doped titanium dioxide(Ag-TiO2) composite nanofibrous membranes(PCA NFMs) with surface micro-grooved structures were successfully fabricated via one-step electrospinning. The incorporation of CA, together with the differential volatilization rates of the binary solvent system, induced phase separation and formed axially oriented grooves along the fibers, significantly increasing the specific surface area and providing abundant adsorption sites for particulate matter capture. Meanwhile, Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly embedded in the polymer matrix as charge traps, synergistically enhancing interfacial polarization and charge physical capture capability, endowing the membranes with excellent electret properties. As a result, PCA NFMs exhibited significantly enhanced electroactivity. The optimized membrane achieved a surface potential of 2.21 kV, a short-circuit current of 78.64 nA, and an open-circuit voltage of 69.52 V, all more than three times those of pure PLA membranes, demonstrating stable charge storage and output capability. Filtration performance tests showed that the filtration efficiency of PCA NFMs for inhalable ultrafine particulate matter(PM0.3) reached 99.07% with a pressure drop of only 20.5 Pa, achieving a synergistic optimization of high-efficiency filtration and low airflow resistance. In addition, PCA NFMs exhibited excellent breathability and wearing comfort. The membranes possessed high water vapor transmission rate(7875.1 g·m⁻2·d⁻1), good air permeability(166.9 mm/s), and hydrophobic properties, benefiting from the synergistic effect of the interconnected porous network and the nanoscale rough surface structure, providing an efficient and healthy protective interface for long-term wear. Through the synergistic design of micro-groove construction and electroactivity enhancement, this work achieves the integration of high-efficiency low-resistance filtration, strong electrical output performance, and wearing comfort.

Key words: Polylactic acid(PLA), Nanofibrous filtration membrane, Surface microstructure, Electroactivity, Air permeability and moisture permeability

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