高等学校化学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 20220051.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20220051

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

自支撑单原子膜电极在能源电催化中的应用

吴俊, 何观朝, 费慧龙()   

  1. 湖南大学化学化工学院, 化学生物传感与计量学国家重点实验室, 长沙 410082
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-23 出版日期:2022-05-10 发布日期:2022-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 费慧龙 E-mail:hlfei@hnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51902099)

Self-supported Film Electrodes Decorated with Single Atoms for Energy Electrocatalysis

WU Jun, HE Guanchao, FEI Huilong()   

  1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China
  • Received:2022-01-23 Online:2022-05-10 Published:2022-03-03
  • Contact: FEI Huilong E-mail:hlfei@hnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902099)

摘要:

单原子催化剂的催化活性高, 稳定性强, 原子利用率高, 在能源电催化领域已被广泛研究. 然而, 粉末状(颗粒状)单原子催化材料存在工作电极制备过程复杂、 黏结剂添加降低导电性且占据催化材料的体积、 活性位点易被包埋等问题, 在作为电极材料催化能源转化过程时, 载量通常小于1 mg/cm2, 反应电流密度不高于100 mA/cm2. 与单原子催化剂相比, 自支撑单原子膜电极不仅具有单原子催化剂的诸多优势, 同时展现出整体式电极的特点, 例如无需添加黏结剂、 导电性好、 单原子活性位点暴露率高、 形貌与孔结构可调控等, 在大电流电催化反应、 高能量高功率密度电池等领域拥有应用前景. 本文综合评述了面向能源电催化应用的自支撑单原子膜电极的研究进展, 讨论了自支撑单原子膜电极的优势, 总结了自支撑单原子膜电极的合成方法, 包括自支撑基底上原位制备法、 静电纺丝法、 自组装法、 化学气相沉积与固相扩散法等, 介绍了其在析氢反应、 析氧反应、 电化学制过氧化氢反应、 锌空电池、 二氧化碳还原反应及锂硫电池中的应用, 并对该类电极的发展方向进行了展望.

关键词: 自支撑电极, 单原子催化剂, 能源电催化

Abstract:

Single-atom catalysts(SACs) have been widely studied in energy electrocatalysis due to their high catalytic activity, excellent selectivity and maximized atom utilization efficiency. However, the powdery SACs were mostly evaluated at small current densities(typically<100 mA/cm2) with low electrode loading(typically<1.0 mg/cm2) due to the complex preparation process of the working electrode, the addition of polymeric binder that would decrease the electrical conductivity and bury the active sites. In contrast, self-supported single-atom film electrodes not only possess the merits of SACs, but also have the advantages of monolithic structure, such as the omission of polymeric and conductive additives, improved electrical conductivity, enhanced exposure of single-atom sites and adjustable morphology and porosity, making them highly promising to be applied in high-current-density catalytic reactions and high-energy/power-density batteries. In this review, the recent advances of self-supported film-based SACs in energy electrocatalysis are presented. Firstly, the advantages of self-supported film-based SACs are discussed. Sub- sequently, their synthetic approaches are summarized, including in situ preparation on a self-supported substrate, electrostatic spinning, self-assembly, chemical vapor deposition and solid phase diffusion. Then, the applications of self-supported film-based SACs in various energy-related electrocatalytic processes are introduced, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, H2O2 electrosynthesis, zinc-air batteries, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and lithium sulfur batteries. Finally, the development direction of self-supported film-based SACs is prospected.

Key words: Self-supported electrode, Single-atom catalyst, Energy electrocatalysis

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