Lamellar superstructured ZnO was synthesized via an improved template method in which sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS), Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and NaOH were used as supramolecular template, Zn source and precipitant, respectively. Cellulose/nano lamellar ZnO composite fibers with ZnO 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% loading were processed from wood pulp and nano lamellar ZnO in the solution of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Amim]Cl) by blending method via dry-jet wet spinning. The lamellar ZnO and its nanocomposites with cellulose were examined by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscope(TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis(TG). The influence of ZnO on the rheological property of composite systems was discussed. Besides, the strength and antibacterial activity of the composite fibers were tested. The results indicated that the as-synthesized ZnO presented a pure and well crystallized hexagonal wurtzite phase ZnO, as well as a periodic of 3.58 nm lamellar superstructure. Due to the addition of nano lamellar ZnO, the cellulose/ZnO nanocompo-sites exhibit better thermal stability and mechanical properties than original cellulose. Furthermore, antimicrobial assessment show that the composite fiber possess excellent antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. ZnO was exfoliated by cellulose chains. The ZnO platelets were homogeneously dispersed in cellulose/ZnO compounds. Besides, the rheology results showed that the presence of nano ZnO increased the viscosity of cellulose solution. When the ZnO content was 5% or above, in the whole frequency range, elasticity modulus was greater than the loss modulus, which inferred that nanoparticles could suspend steadily.
