Fabrication of Cellulose/Nano Lamellar ZnO Composite Antibacterial Fibers Using Ionic Liquid†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20170206

Abstract

Abstract:

Lamellar superstructured ZnO was synthesized via an improved template method in which sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS), Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and NaOH were used as supramolecular template, Zn source and precipitant, respectively. Cellulose/nano lamellar ZnO composite fibers with ZnO 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% loading were processed from wood pulp and nano lamellar ZnO in the solution of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Amim]Cl) by blending method via dry-jet wet spinning. The lamellar ZnO and its nanocomposites with cellulose were examined by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscope(TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis(TG). The influence of ZnO on the rheological property of composite systems was discussed. Besides, the strength and antibacterial activity of the composite fibers were tested. The results indicated that the as-synthesized ZnO presented a pure and well crystallized hexagonal wurtzite phase ZnO, as well as a periodic of 3.58 nm lamellar superstructure. Due to the addition of nano lamellar ZnO, the cellulose/ZnO nanocompo-sites exhibit better thermal stability and mechanical properties than original cellulose. Furthermore, antimicrobial assessment show that the composite fiber possess excellent antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. ZnO was exfoliated by cellulose chains. The ZnO platelets were homogeneously dispersed in cellulose/ZnO compounds. Besides, the rheology results showed that the presence of nano ZnO increased the viscosity of cellulose solution. When the ZnO content was 5% or above, in the whole frequency range, elasticity modulus was greater than the loss modulus, which inferred that nanoparticles could suspend steadily.

Key words: Cellulose, Ionic liquid, Nano lamellar ZnO, Nanocomposite fiber, Antibacterial activity

CLC Number:

TrendMD:

FU Ranran, JI Xiujie, LIU Chao, REN Yanfei, WANG Gang, CHENG Bowen. Fabrication of Cellulose/Nano Lamellar ZnO Composite Antibacterial Fibers Using Ionic Liquid^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2017, 38(12): 2344.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Small(A) and wide(B) angle XRD patterns of Lα-ZnO(a) and TF-ZnO(b)

Fig.2 TEM images of Lα-ZnO viewed through perpendicular direction(A) and parallel direction(B)

Fig.3 SEM image(A) and the size distribution histogram(B) of Lα-ZnO

Fig.4 Digital photograph of inhibition zone for Lα-ZnO samples against E. coli(A—C) and S. aureus(D—E)(A) Control to E. coli; (B) TF-ZnO against E. coli; (C) Lα-ZnO against E. coli; (D) control to S. aureus;(E) TF-ZnO against S. aureus; (F) Lα-ZnO against S. aureus.

Fig.5 Steady shear flow curves for the cellulose solutions with different content of Lα-ZnO at 40 ℃

Fig.6 Changes of storage(G') and loss moduli(G″) as a function of angular frequency for the cellulose solutions with different content of nano-ZnO at 40 ℃

Fig.7 Tensile strength of cellulose fibers as a function of Lα-ZnO content

Fig.8 WAXD patterns of raw cellulose(a), regenerated cellulose fiber(b) and cellulose/ZnO composite fiber containing 7% ZnO(c)

Fig.9 XPS spectra of cellulose/ZnO composite fiber containing 7% nano-ZnO (A) Survey; (B) Zn2p.

Fig.10 TGA curves of cellulose fiber(a) and cellulose composite fiber containing 7% Lα-ZnO(b) The inset displays differential thermogravimetric analysis(DTG) curves.

Fig.11 SEM images of side surface sections(A, C) and cross sections(B, D) of cellulose fiber(A, B) and cellulose/Lα-ZnO composite fiber(C, D)(E) Magnified image of cellulose/Lα-ZnO composite fiber; (F) digital photograph of cellulose/Lα-ZnO composite fiber.

Table 1 Antibacterial properties of composite fibers with different nano-ZnO content against E. coli and S. aureus

Sample	E. coli		S. aureus
Sample	10^-7 Microbial concentration/ (cfu·mL^-1)^*	Reduction in viability(%)	10^-3 Microbial concentration/ (cfu·mL^-1)	Reduction in viability(%)
ZnO	8.5		69
ZnO/3%	4.2	50.6	9	87.0
ZnO/5%	3.2	62.4	7	89.9
ZnO/7%	2.4	71.8	5	92.8
ZnO/9%	2.1	75.3	4	94.2

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