高等学校化学学报

高等学校化学学报

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    

碳点发光机制与其结构之间的构效关系

刘翼泽1,2，李鹏飞2，孙再成2   

  1. 1. 北京工业大学环境科学与工程学院
    2. 北京工业大学化学与生命科学学院

  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07 修回日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2025-05-14 发布日期:2025-05-14
  • 通讯作者: 孙再成 E-mail:sunzc@bjut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2023YFB3810800)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 22272003和22301013)资助

Structure-Dependent Photoluminescence Mechanism of Carbon Dots

LIU Yize1,2, LI Pengfei2, SUN Zaicheng2   

  1. 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology

    2. College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology

  • Received:2025-04-07 Revised:2025-05-14 Online:2025-05-14 Published:2025-05-14
  • Contact: SUN Zaicheng E-mail:sunzc@bjut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3810800) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272003 and 22301013)

PDF (PC)

摘要： 碳点（Carbon Dots, CDs）作为一类新型零维碳基纳米材料，因其可调发光性、低毒性和多功能性，在生物成像、光电器件及环境传感等领域展现出广阔应用前景。但是由于制备方法不同、原料来源多样以及组成结构复杂，碳点的发光机制一直是研究重点。模糊的发光机制制约了高荧光性能碳点的设计与应用。本文系统梳理了碳点的结构与发光机制之间的构效关系，重点解析了量子限域效应、有效共轭长度、表面-边缘态、分子态及交联增强发射效应五种核心机制的作用，以期为高荧光性能碳点的可控合成与功能化应用提供理论指导。

关键词: 碳点, 发光机制, 碳纳米材料, 结构组成

Abstract: As a novel class of zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have demonstrated broad application prospects in bioimaging, optoelectronic devices, and environmental sensing due to their tunable luminescence, low toxicity, and versatile functionality. However, the luminescence mechanisms of CDs remain a central research focus owing to diverse synthesis methods, varied raw material sources, and complex composition-structure characteristics. The elusive nature of the luminescence mechanism has hindered the rational design and application of CDs with superior fluorescence performance. This article systematically investigates the correlation between the structural characteristics and luminescence mechanisms of CDs, focusing on the roles of five core mechanisms: quantum confinement effect, effective conjugate length, surface-edge states, molecular states, and cross-link enhanced emission effects. The comprehensive analysis aims to provide theoretical guidance for the controlled synthesis and functional applications of CDs with superior fluorescence performance.

Key words: Carbon dots, Luminescence mechanisms, Carbon-based nanomaterials, Structural composition

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