高等学校化学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 556.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20200565
收稿日期:
2020-08-16
出版日期:
2021-02-10
发布日期:
2020-11-19
通讯作者:
张如范
E-mail:zhangrufan@tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
JIANG Qinyuan, ZHOU Chenhui, MENG Haibing, HAN Ying, ZHANG Rufan()
Received:
2020-08-16
Online:
2021-02-10
Published:
2020-11-19
Contact:
ZHANG Rufan
E-mail:zhangrufan@tsinghua.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
二维金属有机框架材料(MOFs)由于具备高比表面积、 多孔性以及丰富的活性位点等优异特性而受到广泛关注, 并且在电催化领域展现出巨大的应用潜力. 研究者们已在二维MOFs的可控制备与电催化性能调控方面取得许多突破性进展, 显示出相关研究对开发高性能电催化剂的关键作用. 本文总结了二维MOFs的自上而下和自下而上合成策略以及二维MOFs衍生物的典型合成方法, 概述了二维MOFs在各尺度下的电催化性能调控策略, 并介绍了各种合成方法和调控策略在电催化中的应用. 最后讨论了该领域面临的挑战, 并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.
中图分类号:
TrendMD:
姜沁源, 周晨晖, 蒙海兵, 韩莹, 张如范. 二维金属有机框架材料的合成及电催化应用. 高等学校化学学报, 2021, 42(2): 556.
JIANG Qinyuan, ZHOU Chenhui, MENG Haibing, HAN Ying, ZHANG Rufan. Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Application of Two-dimensional Metal-organic Frameworks. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2021, 42(2): 556.
Fig.1 Sonication exfoliation of MOFs with layered structure[45](A) Schematic illustration of the layered structure of Zn2(bim)4;(B,C) TEM images and the corresponding SAED patterns of Zn2(bim)4 nanosheets;(D) AFM image and the corresponding height profile of Zn2(bim)4 nanosheets. Copyright 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Fig.2 Intercalation synthesis of 2D MOF nanosheets(A) Schematic illustration of the intercalation synthesis of 2D PPF-1 nanosheets[39]; Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society; (B) schematic illustration of the exfoliation of a pillared-layer MOF; SEM images of bulk(C) and exfoliated(D) MOFs; AFM image(E) and the corresponding height profile(F) of exfoliated MOF nanosheets[50]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.3 Micromechanical exfoliation of 2D MOF nanosheets[53](A) Structural model of MAMS-1;(B) schematic illustration of the freeze-thaw exfoliation process. Copyright 2017, Springer Nature.
Fig.4 Direct solvothermal synthesis of 2D MOF nanosheets[61](A) Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of Ni-Fe-MOF;(B, C) TEM images of Ni-Fe-MOF;(D) AFM image and measured thicknesses of Ni-Fe-MOF. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.5 Surfactant? and modulator?assisted synthesis of 2D MOF nanosheets(A) Comparison between traditional synthesis and surfactant-assisted synthesis of PPF nanosheets; (B) TEM image and (C) SAED pattern of PPF nanosheets[31]. Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH; (D) structure of the M6 cores and BTB ligands in Hf6(μ3-O)4· (μ3-OH)4(HCO2)6(BTB)2; (E) formation of 2D lattice from 6-connected cores and 3-connected ligands;(F) TEM image of Hf6· (μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4(HCO2)6(BTB)2 nanosheets; (G) structural representation of the ruffled sheet[71]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.7 Sonochemical synthesis of 2D MOF nanosheets[83](A) Structural illustration; (B, C) TEM(B) and AFM(C) images of NiCo-UMOFNs. Copyright 2016, Springer Nature.
Fig.8 Template?assisted synthesis of 2D MOF nanosheetsTEM images of ONS(A) and ONS-derived(B) MOF-74 nanosheets;(C) AFM image of ONS-derived MOF-74 nanosheets[88]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH. SEM images of LDH arrays(D) and LDH-derived(E) 2D MOF nanosheets;(F) HRTEM image of LDH-derived 2D MOF nanosheets[87]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.9 Pyrolysis carbonization for synthesizing carbon nanosheets and metal/carbon nanosheets(A) Schematic illustration of the synthetic route of ZCN; TEM(B) and HRTEM(C) images of ZCN[92]; Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH; (D) schematic illustration of the synthetic route of Cox-N/C-800; TEM(E) and HRTEM(F) images of Cox-N/C-800[99]; Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig.10 Air calcination for synthesizing metal oxide nanosheets(A) Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of CC@Co3O4; SEM(B), TEM(C) and HRTEM(D) images of CC@Co3O4[102]; Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry;(E) schematic illustration of the synthetic process of M-Co3O4; SEM images of ZIF-67 nanosheets(F) and M-Co3O4 nanosheets(G); TEM images of ZIF-67 nanosheets(H) and M-Co3O4 nanosheets(I)[100]; Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.
Fig.11 Sulfuration, phosphorization and selenization of 2D MOF nanosheets(A) Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of h-Co4S3[104]; Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry;(B) schematic illustration of the synthetic process of Co0.7Fe0.3P/C[93]; Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry; (C) schematic illustration of the synthetic process of NiSe2/NC[105]; Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.
Fig.12 Construction of hierarchical pore structures in MOFs(A) Schematic illustration of the formation process of (Ni2Co1)1-xFex-MOF-NF; SEM(B) and TEM(C, D) images of (Ni2Co1)0.925Fe0.075-MOF-NF[113]; Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH;(E) schematic illustration of the formation process of U-MOF and (U+S)-MOF; SEM(F), TEM(G) and HRTEM(H) images of(U+S)-MOF[114]; Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.
Fig.13 Defect modulation of MOFs(A) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of MOFs with defects and hierarchical pore structure[17]; Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH; (B) schematic illustration of the modulation of electronic structure by introducing missing linkers; (C) crystal structure of CoBDC-Fc; (D) calculated DOS of CoBDC and CoBDC-Fc; (E) ELF of CoBDC-Fc; (F) Co2p3/2 XPS spectra of CoBDC-Fc[117]; Copyright 2019, Springer Nature.
Fig.14 Electron modulation of MOFs(A) Primitive steps of the oxygen evolution reaction process on MOFs;(B) schematic representation of the electronic coupling between Co and Ni[83]; Copyright 2016, Springer Nature; (C) TEM image of Pt-NC/Ni-MOF; (D) structural model of Pt-NC/Ni-MOF; (E) H* adsorption and OH* adsorption energy comparison[121]; Copyright 2019, Elsevier; (F) structure and synthesis of M3(HIB)2(M=Ni, Co); (G) band structures of Ni3(HIB)2 and Cu3(HIB)2 and the corresponding first Brillouin zone[119]; Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.
Fig.15 Applications of 2D MOFs in HER electrocatalysis(A) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of single-layer 2D MOFs; HER polarization curves(B) and Tafel plots(C) of single-layer 2D MOFs[78]; Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH; (D) structural illustration of GMOF; (E) TEM image of GMOF; (F) comparison of the Nyquist plots of GMOF and bulk MOF; HER polarization curves(G) and Tafel plots(H) of GMOF and bulk MOF[128]; Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.
Fig.16 Applications of 2D MOFs in OER electrocatalysis(A) Structural simulation of a UMOFNs surface with rich coordinatively unsaturated sites; (B) atomic models of fully unsaturated(upper) and partially unsaturated(lower) sites on surfaces of UMOFNs; (C) OER polarization curves and (D) Tafel plots of UMOFNs[83]; Copyright 2016, Springer Nature; (E) schematic illustration of the synthetic route of Ni-MOF@Fe-MOF hybrids; TEM images of Ni-MOF(F) and Ni-MOF@Fe-MOF(G); OER polarization curves(H) and Tafel plots(I) of Ni-MOF@Fe-MOF, Ni-MOF, Fe-MOF and IrO2; HRTEM images of Ni-MOF@Fe-MOF(J) and Fe-MOF(K) after CV cycles[133]; Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.17 Applications of 2D MOFs in ORR electrocatalysis(A) Structural model of Ni3(HITP)2; (B) ORR polarization curves of Ni3(HITP)2[135]; Copyright 2016, Springer Nature; structu-ral model(C) and TEM image(D) of PcCu-O8-Co; (E) differential charge density image of PcCu-O8-Co; (F) proposed ORR mechanism on the Co site of PcCu-O8-Co; (G) ORR polarization curves of PcCu-O8-Co/CNT and other samples;(H) ORR polarization curves of PcCu-O8-Co/CNT before and after 5000 CV cycles[63]; Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.18 Applications of 2D MOFs in CO2RR electrocatalysis(A) Structural illustration of Al2(OH)2TCPP-Co; selectivity test(B) and Tafel plot(C) of Al2(OH)2TCPP-Co[89]; Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society; (D) simulated crystal structure of STPyP-Co; (E) TEM image of STPyP-Co; (F) interaction between pyridine and central Co; (G) orbital splitting of Co centers in MTPyP-Co and STPyP-Co; (H) polarization curves of STPyP-Co and other samples; (I) Faradaic efficiency for STPyP-Co at different applied potential[141]; Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.
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