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Table of Content

    10 September 2009, Volume 30 Issue 9
    Contents
    Content of Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities Vol.30 No.9(2009)
    2009, 30(9):  0. 
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    下期目次预览
    2009, 30(9):  0. 
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    Articles
    Structure Phase Transition and Magnetic Property of Halide-bridged Copper(Ⅱ) Complexes
    CUI Ai-Li, SATO Osamu, KOU Hui-Zhong
    2009, 30(9):  1687-1690. 
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    Halide-bridged one-dimensional Cu(Ⅱ) halide complexes [(CH3)2CHNH3]CuBr3-xClx(x=0—3) have been synthesized and magnetically studied. Magnetic measurements show that χmT value decreases with the decrease of the temperature, revealing the presence of overall antiferromagnetic interaction in the complexes. Above certain temperature, χmT value shows abrupt increase, originating from the occurrence of structure phase transition at the temperature(Tc=341 K). The Cu(Ⅱ) ion adopts enlarged octahedral structure, different from the square pyramidal structure in the low-temperature phase. The Tc value for complexes [(CH3)2CHNH3]CuBr3-xClx(x=1, 2) is lower than that of [(CH3)2CHNH3]CuCl3, which is due to the presence of comparatively weak Cu—Br bonds in former compounds. Possible structures of [(CH3)2CHNH3]CuBr3-xClx(x=1, 2) have been proposed by comparing the magnetic properties of [(CH3)2CHNH3]CuX3(X-=Br- or Cl-) with [(CH3)2CHNH3]CuBr3-xClx(x=1, 2).

    Mixed Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Two Copper Coordination Polymers: Cu3(2,2′-bipy)2(C8H4O4)2(C8H5O4)2 and Cu(Ⅰ)Cu(Ⅱ)(4,4′-bipy)1.5(C8H4O4)(C8H5O4)
    GAO Lu, LI Guang-Hua, BI Ming-Hui, HU Ya-Wei, LIU Xiao-Min, SHI Zhan*, ......
    2009, 30(9):  1691-1695. 
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    Two copper coordination polymers, Cu3(2,2′-bipy)2(C8H4O4)2(C8H5O4)2(1) and Cu(Ⅰ)Cu(Ⅱ)(4,4′-bipy)1.5(C8H4O4)(C8H5O4) were hydrothermally synthesized in mixed solvothermal and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Cu3(2,2′-bipy)2(C8H4O4)2(C8H5O4)2(1) crystallizes in a triclinic system with space group P1 and cell parameters, a=1.03314(4) nm, b=1.08350(3) nm, c=1.15826(4) nm, α=83.104(2)°, β=84.609(2)°, γ=66.125(2)°, and Z=1. Cu(Ⅰ)Cu(Ⅱ)(4,4′-bipy)1.5(C8H4O4)(C8H5O4)(2) crystallizes also in a triclinic system with space group P1 and cell parameters, a=1.06979(3) nm, b=1.09209(3) nm, c=1.47887(3) nm, α=91.795(2)°, β=93.2460(10)°, γ=118.6170(10)°, and Z=2. Their syntheses were performed under the similar conditions from different organic alkali ligands 2,2′-bipy and 4,4′-bipy at different concentrations. These changes gave rise to the corresponding change in final crystal structure of products. Both compounds are thermally stable up to 300 ℃.

    Preparation and Size-dependent Upconversion Luminescence Mechanism of Y2O2S∶Yb, Ho Nanoparticles
    XING Ming-Ming, CAO Wang-He*, FENG Wei, PANG Tao, LING Xiao-Qiao
    2009, 30(9):  1696-1702. 
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    A series of Y2O2S∶Yb,Ho upconversion particles were prepared using an improved homogeneous precipitation method combined with a solid-gas sulfuration technology. The structure and morphology of particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and the upconversion luminescence(UCL) properties and mechanisms were studied by UCL spectra and FT-infrared spectra(FTIR). The results of XRD indicated that the prepared samples were pure hexagonal structure. TEM images showed the prepared particles were mono-dispersed with regular sphere shape and exhibited the narrow size distribution with average size of 40, 80 and 200 nm, respectively. According to the ln-ln plots of emission intensity as a function of excitation power, it was found that the blue emissions varied from three-photon absorption process to two-photon absorption process with decreasing particle size. For the green and red emissions, only the two-photon absorption process was observed, but the slope values of the lnIP-lnIUCL plot increased with decreasing particle size. The mechanism of the effects of particle size on the UCL properties was discussed.

    Research on Self-assembly MWNTs-clindamycin Molecularly Imprinted Sol-gel Electrochemical Sensor
    HU Yu-Fang, ZHANG Zhao-Hui*, ZHANG Hua-Bin, YU Xiao-Xiao, YAO Shou-Zhuo
    2009, 30(9):  1703-1708. 
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    A novel electrochemical sol-gel imprinted sensor was developed via molecular imprinting technique, sol-gel technology and self-assembled membrane method, and thin film of molecularly imprinted sol-gel polymers with the specific binding sites for clindamycin was cast on MWNTs modified gold electrode by electropolymerization. The electrochemical performance and morphology of imprinted sol-gel film were charecterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV), differential pulse voltammetry(DPV), amperometric I-t curve and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results show that the sensor has good selectivity and sensitivity, and the response to clindamycin on the MWNTs modified sol-gel imprinted sensor increases clearly. The linear range is over the range from 5.0×10-7— 8.0×10-5 mol/L, and the limit of detection is 2.44×10-8 mol/L. The sensor has been successfully employed to detect clindamycin in human urine.

    Studies on the Detection of Genotype of Lyme Disease Borrelia Burgdorferi by SPR
    YU Dong-Dong, LIU Yan, ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Jian-Guang*
    2009, 30(9):  1709-1712. 
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    The genotypes(B.afzelii and B.garinii) of Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi were detected successfully by surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensor. The genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi were confirmed by the dissociation constant(KD), which calculated from the kinetic curves of immuoreaction between Ag and Ab at different concentrations. This method was simple, less time consumption and accurate to identify genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi in serum of patients.

    Separation of 20(S)-Protopanaxdiol Type Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng Extract by Dynamic Foam Flotation
    WANG Yu-Tang*, LIU Xue-Bo, YUE Tian-Li, LIU Lin-Wei, ZHANG Han-Qi
    2009, 30(9):  1713-1716. 
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    In this study dynamic foam flotation was applied for the separation and enrichment of 20(S)-protopanaxdiol type ginsenosides in Panax ginseng extract and high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC) was applied to determine ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. The effects of pH of the solution, concentration of electrolyte NaCl, the flow rate of carrier gas, initial concentration and the flow rate of the extract on the dynamic foam flotation were investigated. The optimal condition was selected. Dynamic foam flotation was compared with solvent extraction, solvent flotation and foam flotation. The experimental results show that the enrichment efficiency of 20(S)-protopanaxdiol type ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd by dynamic foam flotation is the highest, the recoveries are 93.3%, 98.6%, 96.9% and 98.3%, respectively. But the enrichment efficiency of 20(S)-protopanaxtriol type ginsenoside Rg1 and Re is very low, the recoveries are 4.8% and 4.2%, respectively. This method for separation and purification of 20(S)-protopanaxdiol type ginsenosides is convenient and effective.

    Preparation of a N,O-Bismethacryloyl Ethanolamine-based Tribenuron-methly Imprinted Polymeric Membrane over a Nylon-6 Support and Its Transport Selectivity
    LIU Xu-Fei, ZHOU Jie*, CHEN Chang-Bao
    2009, 30(9):  1717-1723. 
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    Using tribenuron-methly as a template molecule and N,O-bismethacryloyl ethanolamine as a functional linked monomer, a molecularly imprinted membrane over a Nylon-6 support was prepared by UV irradiation. The surface of the molecularly imprinted membrane was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The interaction between the template molecule and the functional linked monomer was evaluated by UV spectrophotometric method. The permeation experiments throughout the imprinted membrane and non-imprinted one were carried out with the mixed solution containing template and its competitive analogues. The imprinting factors were also determined. These results show that the molecularly imprinted membrane exhibit higher transport selectivity for the template molecule tribenuron-methly than those of its analogues chlorimuron-ethyl and thlfensulfuron-methy. But the non-imprinted membrane has no permselectivity for the three substrates.

    Synthesis of Cytidine-bonded Porphyrins and Their Interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin
    JIANG Guo-Fang*, GAO Feng, ZHANG Man-Sheng, LIU Chang, GUO Can-Cheng
    2009, 30(9):  1724-1728. 
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    Cytidine-bonded porphyrins 6 and 8 were designed and synthesized on the basis of porphyrin′s photosensitivity, special affinity for tumor cells, nucleosides′ antitumor and anticancer activities. Molecular structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis, MS and elemental analysis. The interaction between cytidine-bonded porphyrins 6, 8 and bovine serum albumin(BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectrum. The results show that the novel cytidine-bonded porphyrins 6 and 8 own a powerful ability of quenching the fluorescence of BSA via static quenching.

    Screening and Cluster of Differentially Expressed Gene of MSCs Induced by Shuanglong Prescription Components
    FAN Xue-Mei, LI Xue, LIANG Qiong-Lin, HU Ping, WANG Yi-Ming, LUO Guo-An*
    2009, 30(9):  1729-1732. 
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    To investigate the effects of Shuanglong prescription components and the differential genes on the stem cells differentiation into cardiomyocytes via cDNA microarray, the differentially expressed genes were recorded by cluster analysis. We divided and separately cultured the Rat BMSCs, collected the cell samples on 10, 20, 30 and 40 d, then distilled total RNA. Microarray was used to detect the differentially expressed genes between each group. The differential expressed genes were screened and analysed by cluster. We got 179 differentially expressed genes during the differentiation. By bioinformal analysis, these genes were associated with metabolism, signal transduction etc. Using hierarchical method, we found that 10 and 20 d samples were clustered in one class, 30 and 40 d samples were clustered in another class. It illuminated that BMSCs after induced may generated distinctly change between 20 and 30 d. Shuanglong prescription components may induced BMSCs differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells.

    Interaction Between Water-soluble Hydroxylated Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes and Human Serum Albumin
    LIU Shu-Fang, YIN Jun-Fa, SONG Mao-Yong, WANG Hai-Lin*
    2009, 30(9):  1733-1738. 
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    The interaction between water-soluble hydroxylated single-wall carbon nanotube and human serum albumin and other related effects were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) methods. Fluorescence quenching of human serum albumin by a hydroxylated single-wall carbon nanotube was observed, indicating the interaction between them occurs. TEM images show the hydroxylated carbon nanotubes system can be stabilized and dispersed by the absorption of human serum albumin on the surface of the hydroxylated single-wall carbon nanotubes. The synchronous fluorescence spectra of human serum albumin indicate the slight change of HSA conformation and the microenvironment of tryptophan residues in human serum albumin. The experimental results may provide us some important information for the understanding of transportation of hydroxylated single-wall carbon nanotubes and other related biological effects.

    NMR Analysis of Polysaccharide ASP3 from Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels and It′s Hydrolysis Products
    SUN Yuan-Lin*, SHAN Fang, CUI Wu-Wei, TANG Jian, GU Xiao-Hong
    2009, 30(9):  1739-1743. 
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    The structural features of polysaccharide ASP3 were studied. ASP3 was hydrolyzed with 0.2 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid and was enzymic hydrolyzed with endo-α-(1→4)-polygalacturonases. NMR analysis method was conducted on the samples. The results indicated that ASP3 was a kind of pectic polysaccharide which contained the main part of homogalacturonan fragments as “smooth regions” with α-(1→4)-GalpA, and rhamnogalacturonan segments as “hairy regions” backbone. Gal and Ara, which were the mainly constitution of the branch, substituted at O4 position of Rhap residues in the backbone. Man and Glc were linked as arabinogalactan, galactan and arabinan. Terminal, β-(1→3)-, β-(1→3,6)-, β-(1→4)-, and β-(1→4,6)-Galp as well as residues of terminal, α-(1→5)-, and α-(1→3,5)-Araf were linked to form β-(1→6)- or β-(1→4)-galactans bearing 3,6- or 4,6-substituted β-Galp residues as branched points respectively, and short α-(1→5)-arabinan possessing 3,5-substituted α-Ara residues as branched points. In addition, arabinogalactan was found to contain branched sugar chains of α-(1→5)-arabinan attached to the linear chains of β-(1→6)-galactan by 1,3-linkages.

    Chiral Recognition of Mandelic Acid by Temperature Induced Double Aqueous Phases System
    XING Jian-Min, LI Fen-Fang*
    2009, 30(9):  1744-1747. 
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    The partitioning behavior of mandelic acid was studied on the isopropyl alcohol/salt and TritonX-114 temperature induced system. The results show that the mandelic acid tends to exist in the isopropyl alcohol phase of the isopropyl alcohol/salt system, and in the water phase of the TritonX-114 temperature induced system, so the TritonX-114 temperature induced system was used as chiral recognition system. The chiral recognition of mandelic acid was investigated in the TritonX-114/n-amyl-L-tartrate/teasaponin and TritonX-114/β-CD system. Several factors were studied such as content of teasaponin, temperature. The results show that the TritonX-114/n-amyl-L-tartrate/teasaponin system is better than the TritonX-114/β-CD system. The separation factor increased with the teasaponin and temperature increased, and the optimal chiral recognition condition of double aqueous phases system was obtained, the content of teasaponin was 0.51 mmol, the n-amyl-L-tartrate was 1.4 mmol, temperature was 55 ℃. The largest separation factor was 1.29.

    Autoxidation of Monoterpenes with Oxygen Catalyzed by Co(acac)2 Supported on Silica Functionalized Imidazole
    FANG Zhao, TANG Rui-Ren*, HUANG Ke-Long, ZHANG Rui-Rong
    2009, 30(9):  1748-1753. 
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    Selective oxyfunctionalization of monoterpenes is an interesting route to utilize these inexpensive natural products for a number of applications, such as pharmaceutical, flavor and perfumery industry as well as useful synthetic intermediates. The use of solid materials in catalytic oxidations in the liquid-phase has recently been extensively investigated because of their easy recovery and the possibility of regeneration which results in a reduction of the environmental impact. In this work, a new heterogeneous catalyst Co(acac)2/SiIm was prepared with supporting Co(acac)2 on silica gel modified with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and imidazole, and the structure of catalyst was characterized by IR, UV-Vis and ICP-AES. Oxidation reactions of limonene, α-pinene and β-pinene with dioxygen in acetonitrile solutions containing catalytic amounts of Co(acac)2/SiIm were studied. The results show that the higher conversion and products chemoselectivities were obtained. Limonene and α-pinene gave epoxides as predominant products with chemoselectivities 62% and 79% at 58% and 72% conversion, respectively. On the other hand, β-pinene gave allylic oxides as major products with chemoselectivity 85% at a 55% conversion rate. In addition, the reaction mechanism and competition were simply discussed.

    Upgrading of Bio-oil via Esterification Catalysted with Acidic Ion-exchange Resin
    XIONG Wan-Ming, FU Yao*, LAI Da-Ming, GUO Qing-Xiang*
    2009, 30(9):  1754-1758. 
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    The corrosiveness of bio-oils is derived from organic acids, and it has limited the applications of bio-oil for current vehicles. But these acids can react with alcohol and convert into esters under mild condition with proper catalysts. The super-acid ion-exchange resin was applied to upgrade bio-oil and its light distillation fraction. The esterifiaction of bio-oils were preformed at 60 ℃ for 4 h, and the conversion of acetic acid approached 88%. Furthermore, the properties of bio-oils after esterification were improved significantly: the higher heating value approached 20.08 and 18.33 MJ/kg, which improved 19.5% and 43.6%, respectively. The viscosity was decreased from 11.8 and 1.42 mm2/s to 3.77 and 1.12 mm2/s, respectively; and the moisture is about 23.7% and 28.4%(mass fraction). The results of GC-MS show that organic acids in both bio-oils were successfully transformed into esters, primary ethyl acetate. Furthermore, the ion-exchanged resin could be convenient separated and reused, and would be a promising catalyst for upgrading of bio-oil.

    Influence of Sphingomyelin Synthase Knockdown on Cell Apoptosis
    SHI Yuan-Yuan*, LI Zhi-Qiang, GU Jing-Li, WANG Yu-Lan
    2009, 30(9):  1759-1762. 
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    HEK293 cells were uesd to investigate the relationship between sphingomyelin synthase(SMS) activity and cell apoptosis. SMS1siRNA and SMS2siRNA were transfected HEK293 cells, respectively, or simultaneously. SMS activity was monitored by thin layer chromatographic assay. Sphingomyelin, ceramide, and phosphatidylcholine levels were determined by an established method. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytomertry. The results show that SMS1 and SMS2 knockdown reduces SMS activity(17%, 20%, 49%, respectively), sphingomyelin levels were significantly reduced(P<0.05), ceramide was significantly increased(P<0.05), compared with control group. We then performed cell apoptosis, and found that SMS1, SMS2, and SMS1/SMS2 knockdown significantly induced by TNF-α mediated apoptosis[58%(P<0.01), 24%(P<0.05), 77%(P<0.01), respectively], suggesting monitoring SMS activity plays an important role on cell apoptosis, thus may have impact on the development of atherosclerosis.

    Proteome Study of Differential Protein Expression in HBV-related Primary Hepatic Carcinoma
    LIU Chi-Bo, LIANG Yong*, PAN Chun-Qin, WANG Hai-Bao, MOU Si-Hua
    2009, 30(9):  1763-1766. 
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    To detect and identify differentially expressed proteins in the sera of patients with HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma. The surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy(SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to screen for the differentially expressed serum proteins in patients with HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma and healthy adults. CM10(weak cation exchange)chip found 44 differentially expressed protein peaks(P<0.05) in HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma group compared with those in the healthy adult group, 21 proteins in patients with HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma are up-regulated, 23 proteins are down-regulated. Then the most differential protein sample was isolated and purified by high perfomance liquid chromatographic and was subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. They were listed as follows: Serum amyloid A and Serum amyloid A1. Identified in the study could be associated with the pathogenesis of HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma.

    Analysis of Differential Protein Expression Patterns on Interaction Between Arabidopsis thaliana and Spodoptera exigua
    LIU Lin-Lin, XI Jing-Hui*, LIAN Jie, TANG Xin-Long, AN Shao-Li, SUN Li-Wen, ....
    2009, 30(9):  1767-1772. 
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    A differential analysis of expression proteins on the interaction between Spodoptera exigua(genera-list) and Arabidopsis thaliana was studied via 2-DE combined with high-throughput MS. On the basis of the abundance of expression proteins in the model plant Arabidopsis fed by the insect, the intensities of 28 spots in more than 1100 protein spots detected on each 2D gel were significantly changed. Among them, 17 protein spots were up-regulated, and 11 were down-regulated under the insect feeding for 8 h. In addition, six responsive proteins of them were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis and in turn, the homogeneous comparison of protein sequences. These proteins were generally found in organism metabolism, such as transketolase, S-adenosylmethionine synthase, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 2, β-ureidopropionase, and fatty-acid synthase, etc. Although the proteome for the interaction between the insect and Arabidopsis is complex enough, the important thing for us is how to elucidate the inducible defense mechanism of plants. Therefore, the above data may provide a new insight to the biotic stress response.

    Effect of Metal Ions on the Biological Activity and Structural Information of Snake Venom Proteins
    LIU Shu-Qing*, GUO Chun-Mei, XU Yue-Fei, SUN Ming-Zhong*, XIN Yi, TANG Jian-Wu
    2009, 30(9):  1773-1778. 
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    Three bioactive proteins of the snake venom of Gloydius blomhoffii brevicaudus(GBB) were for the first time purified to be homogenous, as determined by both SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. HPLC-nESI-MS/MS approach was carried out to get the amino acid sequences of the tryptic-digested peptides. On the basis of the sequencing comparisons of the three proteins with other known snake venom protein homologue, those proteins are identified as three novel basic phospholipase A2(bPLA2), metalloproteinase(MP) and thrombin-like enzyme(TLE), which are named as GBB-bPLA2, GBB-MP and GBB-TLE, respectively. Results from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) indicate that GBB-bPLA2 and GBB-MP are Ca2+ containing proteins with the calcium stoichiometry of 1∶1([Ca2+]/[protein]), and GBB-TLE is a Zn2+ protein with a molar ratio of 2∶1([Zn2+]/[protein]). Ca2+ is critical for the enzymatic activities of GBB-bPLA2 and GBB-MP. Ca2+ ion induced 2.0 nm blue-shift and 1.6 nm blue-shift for the intrinsic fluorescences of GBB-bPLA2 and GBB-MP, respectively. The existence of Ca2+ also increased the maximum emission fluorescence intensities of GBB-bPLA2 and GBB-MP by 14.0% and 11.0%, respectively. Ca2+ could raise the denaturing temperature of GBB-bPLA2 and GBB-MP by 1.5 and 2.0 ℃, which resulted in higher thermal stabilities for them. Zn2+ ion could enhance the fluorescence intensity of GBB-TLE by 4.3%, however it did not show apparent influence on its esterase hydrolytic activity. Zn2+ only showed slight effect on the emission fluorescence wavelength and thermal stability of GBB-TLE. The existence of metal ions apparently affects the structure-related thermal stabilities of the metal-containing proteins of snake venom to different extents, meanwhile, the metal ions exhibit diverse influences on their enzymatic activities.

    Coordination Mechanism of V(Ⅴ) and a Model Molecule of Plant Polyphenol
    ZHANG Wei-Dong, KONG Jia-Chao, WANG Ru*, LI Juan-Qin, LI Xiang-Yuan*
    2009, 30(9):  1779-1783. 
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    EGCG was used as the model molecule to study the coordination mechanism and the spectra of plant polyphenol to vanadium(Ⅴ). Based on the analysis of UV-Vis spectrum, it was identified that the doubly-coordinated complex between the center metal V(Ⅴ) and the ligand EGCG is dominant. Two absorption peaks were measured at 588 and 710 nm for the solution containing EGCG and V(Ⅴ). The absorption spectrum calcualtion using TDDFT predicts that the maximium absorption value is very close to the experimentally observation. The molecular orbital analysis attributes the peaks at 588 and 710 nm to the electron transitions from one-side and two-side ligands respectively to the d orbital of the center metal V(Ⅴ). DFT-B3LYP method was employed to optimize the geometries of reactants, intermediates, transition states and coordination products along the reaction pathway. The energy barriers for the elemetary steps were calcualted. A four-member transition state was checked in the formation of the doubly-coordinated complex. Both experiment and theoretical calcualtion confirm that the doubly-coordinated product is prior to the singly-coordinated one.

    Morphology of Linear Diblock Copolymer Micelle Under Lid-driven Flow
    YOU Li-Yan, ZHAO Ying, WANG Shuai, Lü Zhong-Yuan*
    2009, 30(9):  1784-1788. 
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    The morphology variations of the micelles under lid-driven flow were studied via dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The morphologies of the micelles under flow are different from that in equilibrium. The weak lid-driven flow has hardly changed the morphologies of micelles. We find the worm-like micelles under moderate lid-driven flow. In the strong lid-driven flow, smaller micelles are observed. The properties of the walls are also a dominant factor influencing the micelle morphologies.

    Structure Transition and Luminescence Properties of CdTe/CdS Quantum Dots
    AN Li-Min*, ZENG Qing-Hui, ZHAO Jia-Long, SONG Wei-Si, SU Wen-Hui*
    2009, 30(9):  1789-1792. 
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    Water-soluble CdTe/CdS core-shell quantum dots(QDs) with the different shell thickness capped with 3-mercaptopropionic acid were synthesized following the synthetic method of successive ion layer adsorption and reaction. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and time-resolved luminescence were employed to analyze optical characters of QDs. The CdTe/CdS QDs exhibited a significant red shift of emission peak, FWHM increasing and PL lifetime lengthening when the shell layer grew. The experiments revealed that the CdTe/CdS QDs evolve from type-Ⅰ to type-Ⅱ core-shell structure with the increase of the shell thickness. The lack of PL lifetime lengthening and quantum yield increasing was ascribed to the surface influence of the shell.

    Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy Study on NaA Zeolite in the Process of Ion Exchange
    ZHOU Wei, ZHAO Kong-Shuang*
    2009, 30(9):  1793-1797. 
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    The dielectric properties of NaA zeolite with different ion exchange degree were measured by DRS in the frequency range from 40 Hz to 110 MHz, and Cole-Cole equation and Hanai method were used to attain the dielectric and phase parameters. The results indicate that the dielectric increment, relaxation time, relaxation time distribution parameter and conductivity of particle decrease with ion exchange degree increasing. At the same time, the dielectric constant of particle is independent on the ion exchange degree. By meaning of comprehensive dielectric analysis, the crystal lattice located by Ca2+ is infered to six-ring site, Ca2+ at six-ring site and Na+ at eight-ring site are equivalent on the contribution to the polarization of zeolite particle, and the electric field becomes various with Ca2+ exchange.

    Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate from the Transesterification Catalyzed by Dibutyltin Sulfonates
    DU Zhi-Ping* , XIAO Yan-Hua, WANG Gong-Ying
    2009, 30(9):  1798-1803. 
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    Effect of different types of acid catalysts on the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate with phenol to diphenyl carbonate was investigated. The results show that the transesterification is the reaction of soft base(phenoxy) binding to hard acid(the carbonyl carbon in dimethyl carbonate), and hard Lewis acids exhibit higher transesterification selectivity than soft Lewis acids, border Lewis acids and Brönsted acids. When n-Bu2SnO was modified by different sulfonic acids, a series of hard Lewis acid catalysts [n-Bu2Sn(OH)OS•(O)2R(H2O)]2[R=p-NH2C6H4(Ⅰ), p-CH3C6H4(Ⅱ), C6H5(Ⅲ), p-ClC6H4(Ⅳ), Me(Ⅴ), CF3(Ⅵ)] were prepared. When they were used as the transesterification catalysts, their catalytic activities were higher than that of n-Bu2SnO because of the strong electron-withdrawing effect of sulfonic groups. And the stronger the electron-withdrawing effect of the substituent on the sulfonic group was, the greater the Lewis acidity of Sn in [n-Bu2Sn(OH)OS(O)2R(H2O)]2 was, the higher the catalytic activity was, but the excess electron-withdrawing effect of the substituent could decrease its transesterification selectivity.

    Effect of Cholesterol on the Stability of Lecithin Vesicle
    LAN Qin, XU Xiao-Ming, HUANG Bei-Bei, HAN Guo-Bin*
    2009, 30(9):  1804-1808. 
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    The mechanism of structure transformation of vesicle was explored through TEM. The mixed monolayer at the air/water interface of lecithin and cholesterol was investigated using Langmuir balance technique. We also studied the effect of cholesterol on the structure transformation of lecithin vesicle by the method of kinetic and dynamic light-scattering. The results show that positively charged Gemini surfactant intercalates into the bilayer of negatively charged lecithin vesicle and reduces the thickness of bilayer of lecithin vesicle. The asymmetric distributing of the surfactant molecular in the vesicle led to the asymmetric thickness of the bilayer, thus resulted in the vesicle breakdown. The excess area of the mixed monolayer and kinetic results show that the mutual attraction between lecithin and cholesterol made it hard to break the lecithin vesicle by adding cholesterol.

    Synthesis of a Novel Amphiphile Containing Both Phenylboronic Acid and Naphthalene and Preparation of the Fluorescent Vesicular Sensor
    LI Guang-Quan, ZHANG Yu-Jian, ZHANG Xiao, HE Zhen-Feng, CHEN Yun-Xia,LI Guo-Wen*
    2009, 30(9):  1809-1813. 
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    A novel amphiphile containing two functional groups of both naphthalene and phenylboronic acid, p-[(5-dodecyloxy-1-oxy) naphthalene] methyl-phenylboronic acid(DNMPBA), was synthesized. The amphiphile was self-organized into vesicles in the selective solution of THF/water(φ=0.6) buffered at pH=6.86. The Tc of the vesicles from crystal to liquid crystal is 56.8 ℃. Addition of saccharides to the vesicular solution, the fluorescent intensities of naphthalene in DNMPBA vesicles centered at 345 nm increase dramatically with increasing concentration of saccharides. The changed tendency for fluorescent intensities of the DNMPAB vesicles with saccharides is similar to the other systems reported in literature to favor the binding with fructose over glucose and maltose. The increase of fluorescence intensity is ascribed to boronic ester formation which might diminish the photoinduced electron transfer(PET) progress to induce fluorescence retrieval and, therefore, increase the fluorescence intensity. The vesicular sensor through the interactions between boronic acid and saccharides displayed at a biomimetic membrane interface can be detected by means of fluorescence intensities. The results suggest that the fluorescent vesicles might be used as biosensors to determine saccharides.

    Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability of Ionic Liquid 1-sec-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexfluorophosphate
    ZHAO Ya-Mei, HU Xiao-Ling*, GUAN Ping, LI Da-Peng
    2009, 30(9):  1814-1818. 
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    In this paper, 1-sec-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexfluorophosphate([s-bmim][PF6]) was synthesized with the aid of microwave. Large single crystals were formed in the water-ethanol-toluene system[V(water)∶V(ethanol)∶V(toluene)=0.16∶2.84∶7]. The large single crystals are stable under the air and moisture, with the maximum length of 11 mm. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. [s-bmim][PF6] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m, with unit-cell parameters a=0.9042(4) nm, b=0.8213(3) nm, c=0.9775(4) nm, γ=116.618°(6), Z=2, V=64.909(4) nm3, Dc=1.454 g/cm3, μ=0.265 mm-1, F(000)=292, the final R=0.0998, wR=0.2656. In the structure, the cations and anions can not form neutral ion pairs owing to the interionic interactions such as the dominant Coulombic attraction, the weak hydrogen bonds and the non-chemical-bond tension of cation-cation. Moreover, it was found that introducing the sec-butyl chain could change the asymmetry of cations and inhibit the rotation of the alky chains of [s-bmim][PF6]. The branched structure leads to the void space filling in the crystal stacking and high lattice energy. Finally, the thermal stability of [s-bmim][PF6] was discussed.

    Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Catalytic Performances of PtRu/C Catalysts for Methanol Electro-Oxidation
    WANG Xiao-Gang, SU Yi, LIU Chang-Peng, LIAO Jian-Hui, XING Wei*, LU Tian-Hong
    2009, 30(9):  1819-1823. 
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    Non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 was used as a stabilizer to prepare PtRu/C catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction(MOR). The cyclic voltammogram was used to investigate the catalytic activity for MOR of different PtRu/C catalysts. TG-DTA, EDX, XRD, XPS and TEM were used to characterize the composition, structure and morphology of the as-prepared PtRu/C catalysts. It is found that the heat treatment plays a crucial role in the particles size, particles distribution of the PtRu/C catalysts and the oxidation state of platinum. The results show that 350 ℃ is an optimum heat treatment temperature. The as-synthesized catalyst heat-treated at this temperature exhibits the best catalytic performance for MOR.

    Electrochemical Assembly of [Ru(bpy)2tatp]3+/2+ Prompted by DHP and SWCNTs on an ITO Electrode
    GUO Qing-Yu, HONG Wei, XU Juan, LI Hong*
    2009, 30(9):  1824-1829. 
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    The electrochemical assembly of [Ru(bpy)2tatp]3+/2+(bpy=2,2′-bipypyridine, tatp=1,4,8,9-tetra-aza-triphenylene) on an ITO electrode with the participation of dihexadecyl phosphate(DHP) and single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. It is found that a well-defined peak appears at the formal potential of 1.075 V(vs. Ag/AgCl) controlled by the diffusion process. And another adsorption-controlled peak appears gradually on the ITO electrode with increasing progressively voltammetric sweeping numbers. DHP in the absence or presence of SWCNTs can enhance the diffusion coefficient of [Ru(bpy)2tatp]2+ in buffer solution and prompt its electrochemical assembly on the ITO electrode in the DHP concentration range from 0.05 to 0.22 mmol/L. However, SWCNTs dispersed with DHP can weaken the DHP-enhanced assembly. In addition, the assembled mechanism of [Ru(bpy)2tatp]3+/2+ mediated by DHP and SWCNTs on the ITO surface is discussed in detail. The results provide a novel way for better fabricating redox molecule devices.

    Organized Assemblies of Cationic Surfactant on Bentonites in Water and Their Thermodynamics
    CHEN Bao-Liang*, MAO Jie-Fei, Lü Shao-Fang
    2009, 30(9):  1830-1834. 
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    Sorption of myristylpyridinium bromide(MPB) on a model mineral, bentonite, was investigated under different temperatures(278, 283, 298, 308, 318 and 328 K). The sorption thermodynamics and interaction mechanisms are discussed. The resultant complexes of MPB-mineral were characterized with XRD, FTIR and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra to probe the organized assemblies of adsorbed-MPB. The thermodynamics, mechanism and organized process are dominated by the MPB-loadings. For the whole isotherms, the molar standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption(ΔGm0) is negative, suggesting that adsorption is a spontaneous process, but the assembled process divided into three stages: sorption was driven by cationic exchanged firstly, then controlled by hydrophobic interaction after cationic exchanged reach maximum level. At low MPB-loadings(<0.8 cmc), the principal contribution to the ΔGm0 of negative value(-25—-30 kJ/mol) is the maximum positive value of molar standard adsorption entropy(ΔSm0 is about 110 J·K-1·mol-1), whereas the molar standard adsorption enthalpy(ΔHm0) is negative(-7.92 kJ/mol). At high loadings, the main contribution to the ΔGm0 of negative value(-30—-20 kJ/mol) is the maximun negative value of ΔHm0(-34.41 kJ/mol), whereas the ΔSm0 is negative(about -50 J·K-1·mol-1). The saturated amount of MPB decreased from about 2.8CEC at 278 K to about 1.5CEC at 328 K, and the corresponding ΔHm0=-9.74 kJ/mol. With the increase of loading, the adsorbed-MPB transited from a disordered liquid-like state to an ordered solid-like state, and the spontaneous adsorption evolved from an entropy-driven process(ΔSm0>0) to an enthalpy-driven process(ΔHm0<0). These observations provide a theoretical base to further understanding the adsorption behavior of cationic surfactant to mineral and an engineered reference to synthesize surfactant-mineral complexes for environmental applications.

    Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Interaction Between Arabidopsis TIR1 and Auxin IAA
    WANG Teng, SUN Hong-Wei*, CHEN Lan, SHEN Rong-Xin, LAI Cheng-Ming
    2009, 30(9):  1835-1838. 
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    On the basis of the complex crystal structure of transport inhibitor response 1(TIR1) and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) obtained recently, systematic docking and molecular dynamics studies of interaction between auxin IAA and TIR1 have been performed using autodock 3.0 and NAMD 2.5 packages. The docking results indicate that the co-factor InsP6 and central water molecule play important roles in binding to the TIR1 pocket for auxin IAA correctly. The complex of TIR1 and auxin IAA was stable during the MD simulation, and stable hydrogen bond interaction had been formed between two water molecules which acted as central water molecule one after the other with auxin IAA. The interaction between auxin IAA and active residues around binding site was a little different from that in crystal structure.

    Theoretical Investigation on Halocyanocarbene XCCN(X=F, Cl, Br)
    ZHAO Zeng-Xia, HOU Chun-Yuan, ZHANG Hong-Xing*, SUN Chia-Chung
    2009, 30(9):  1839-1843. 
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    Complete the calculations by means of the active space self-consistent field method(CASSCF) with ANO-S basis sets was performed on the ground and low-lying electronic excited states of halocyanocarbene XCCN and their anions, with X=F, Cl and Br. Our results show that XCCN have triplet X 3A″ neutral ground states and the singlet-triplet energy gaps ΔES-T(kJ/mol) follow this order: 7.4(FCCN)<13.4(ClCCN)<16.6(BrCCN). The calculated most intensive vertical excitation energies of X3A″→23A″ transitions for FCCN, ClCCN, and BrCCN at 408.3, 385.4 and 345.2 kJ/mol, respectively, are mainly attributed to the π(a′)→nxy transitions. The adiabatic electron affinities for XCCN are found to be 235.7, 233.0 and 237.2 kJ/mol, respectively. Compared with the results of HCCN, the electron affinities are enhanced.

    Activity Coefficients of CaCl2 in Glycine+Water and Alanine+Water Mixtures at 298.15 K
    ZHANG Xin-Kuan, ZHUO Ke-Lei*, MA Jing-Jing, LIU Hong-Xun, WANG Jian-Ji
    2009, 30(9):  1844-1850. 
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    Activity coefficients of CaCl2 in glycine+water and alanine+water mixtures at 298.15 K were determined by cell potential measurements using ion selective electodes(ISE). The molalities of CaCl2 ranged from 0.01 to 0.20 mol/kg, and those of amino acides ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 mol/kg. The cell potentials were analyzed by the Debye-Hückel extended equation and the Pitzer equation to calculate activity coefficients. The results obtained from the two theoretical models are in good agreement with each other. Standard transfer Gibbs free energy, pair interaction parameters(gEA) and salting constants(ks) were also evaluated. The results are disscussed in terms of the stereo-chemistry of amino acid molecules and structures and electrostatical interaction models. Activity coefficient of CaCl2 increases with increasing of molalities of amino acids. Standard transfer Gibbs free energy decreases with increasing molalities of amino acids, indicating that the interactions of the amino acides with CaCl2 are thermodynamically attractive in aqueous solution. Values of gEA are negative, indicating that the interactions of these two amino acides with CaCl2 result mainly from the electrostatical attraction.

    Ab initio Potential Energy Surface and Microwave Spectra of Ne-CO2
    XIE Chang-Jian, CHEN Rong, ZHU Hua*, XIE Dai-Qian
    2009, 30(9):  1851-1855. 
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    An ab initio potential energy surface for the Ne-CO2 complex was calculated using the coupled-cluster singles and doubles with noniterative inclusion of connected triple [CCSD(T)] with a large basis set. The interaction energies were obtained by supermolecular approach with the full counterpoise correction for the basis set superposition error. The CCSD(T) potential energy surface was found to have two minima corresponding to the T-shaped and the linear structures. The two-dimensional discrete variable representation method was employed to calculate the rovibrational energy levels of Ne-CO2. The calculated transition frequencies of microwave spectra are in good agreement with the experimental values.

    Inducement and Enhancement of Coherence Resonance in Chemical Oscillation System
    SHI Jian-Cheng*, LUO Min, DONG Tao, CHEN Han-Guang
    2009, 30(9):  1856-1860. 
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    The effects of multiplicative noise and additive noise on the coherence resonance(CR) in chemical oscillation system were studied by numerical simulation method. It is shown that, when the system subjets to additive and multiplicative noises simultaneously, its coherence resonance strength is stronger than that for the system induced by one of the two noises. The system can exploit multiplicative noise better than additive noise to enlarge its control parameter range of the oscillation state. Between the control parameter threshold effect and noise effect, the former plays a dominative role for CR occurrence and enhancement. Moreover, when the system is modulated by multiplicative noise and additive noise, respectively, there exists a critical noise intensity for destroying the difference of the dynamical behaviour between two noises.

    Theoretical Studies on the Fe—Hg Interactions and the 31P NMR in [Fe(CO)x(Ph2Ppy)y(HgCl2)z](x=3, 4; y=1, 2; z=0, 1, 2)
    XIE Mei-Xiang, XU Xuan*
    2009, 30(9):  1861-1864. 
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    To study the Fe—Hg interactions and their effects on 31P NMR, [Fe(CO)x(Ph2Ppy)y(HgCl2)z](1: x=4, y=1, z=0; 2: x=3, y=2, z=0; 3: x=4, y=1, z=1; 4: x=3, y=2, z=1; 5: x=4, y=1, z=2; 6: x=3, y=2, z=2) were calculated by DFT PBE0 method. PBE0-GIAO method was employed to calculate the 31P chemical shifts. The conclusions can be drawn: (1) The Fe—Hg interactions in complexes with two Ph2Ppy are slightly stronger than those with one Ph2Ppy, and which in complexes with two HgCl2 are stronger than those with one HgCl2. (2) There is a Fe—Hg σ bond in complexes with two HgCl2. Fe—Hg interactions mainly exhibit the Fe→Hg and Fe←Hg indirect charge-transfer. Contrasted to complex 5, the CO→Fe σ-donation and CO←Fe π-back donation in complex 3 decrease the electron density of Fe. So the Fe—Hg interaction in complex 5 is stronger and acts as Fe→Hg charge-transfer, while that in complex 3 mainly acts as Fe←Hg. (3) Through Fe—Hg interaction, the charge-transfer from Ph and py towards the P, Fe and Hg atoms increases the electron density on P nucleus. So, compared with mononuclear complexes, the 31P chemical shifts in binuclear complexes show some reduction. The 31P chemical shifts in complexes with two HgCl2 or one Ph2Ppy are less than those with one HgCl2 or two Ph2Ppy.

    Theoretical Studies on Bifurcated Blue-shifted Dihydrogen Bonds of NH3BH3
    XU Li-Fang, LI An-Yong*, LUO Hong-Juan, JI Hong-Bo
    2009, 30(9):  1865-1869. 
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    The bifurcated dihydrogen bonds B—H2…H—X(X=C, N) of NH3BH3 with CHF3, H2CO, HCOOH, HCOCl and HNO were theoretically studied. The results show that the dihydrogen H-bond leads to a red shift of the B—H bond and a blue shift of the X—H bond. The blue shift of the X—H bond is caused by the decrease of the intramolecular hyperconjugation, positive repolarization and positive rehybridization of the X—H bond, and the bent configuration of the bifurcated dihydrogen bond; The red shift of the B—H bond is caused mainly by negative replorization and negative rehybridization of the B—H bond.

    Synthesis and Characterization of Short-chain Branched Polyethylene
    XUE Ying-Nan, WANG Yan-Hui, LIU Feng, LI Yang, TANG Tao*
    2009, 30(9):  1870-1875. 
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    Two kinds of ethylene copolymers with controllable structures were synthesized and the molecular parameters were characterized by FTIR, GPC, 1H NMR and 13C NMR systematically. Effects of molecular weight(Mw) and the content of branched short chains on the crystalline properties of the resultant ethylene copolymers were investigated by DSC, respectively. First, polybutadienes with Mw ranging from 20000 to 110000, low polydispersity index(PDI=1.1) and almost the same content of vinyl(molar fraction about 7%) were synthesized by anionic polymerization. After hydrogenation, the melting point and crystallinity of the obtained model ethylene/1-butene copolymers decreased with the increase in Mw of the copolymers. Second, ethylene/1-hexene copolymers with about Mw 100000 and of 0—5.5% 1-hexene were prepared by copolymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene via metallocene catalyst Et[Ind]2ZrCl2. DSC results show that the melting point and crystallinity of the ethylene copolymers decrease with the increase of the content of 1-hexene.

    Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Orderly Tetra-functional Compound Containing Terphenyl Bridge
    GAO Xi-Ping, ZHANG Ping-Ping, ZHANG Yu-Qing*, XIE Ping, ZHANG Rong-Ben*
    2009, 30(9):  1876-1880. 
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    As important monomers for preparation of ladder-like polymers, two new types of structurally ordered ladder-like compounds, 2,5-bis[4′-N-(1,1-dihydroxylmethyl)-propylamidocyanogen-methylacylphenyl]-1,4-bishexyloxybenzen(M1) and 2,5-bis-{4′-N-[1,1-bis(4-isocyanatephenylamidocyanogenformylester)propylamidocyanogen-methylacylphenyl]}-1,4-bishexyloxybenzene(M2), were synthesized by a series of reactions such as Williamson reaction, bromination reaction, Grignard reaction, oxidation reaction, and Suzuki coupling reaction with p-bromotoluene, 1,4-hydroquinone, 1-bromohexane, toluene diisocyanate etc. as starting materials. The compositions and structures of M1 and M2 were characterized via elemental analysis, infrared resonance(IR)spectroscopy, proton nuclear resonance(1H NMR) and mass(MS) spectroscopy.

    Synthesis of Superparamagnetic/Fluorescent Nanocomposites Based on Surface Modification by Polyacrylic Acid
    MO Zhi-Hong*, RAO Tong-De, YANG Xiao-Chao
    2009, 30(9):  1881-1884. 
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    Superparamagnetic/fluorescent nanocomposites were synthesized based on surface modification by polyacrylic acid, in order to improve the dispersity and fluorescence of the nanocomposites. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized via TEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD, VSM and fluorospectroscopy. The results show that the carboxylated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4-fluorescent bifunctional nanocomposites have a typical diameter of 6—10 nm. The Fe3O4-fluorescent bifunctional nanocomposites have a saturated magnetization of 39.2 A?m2/kg at room temperature and high fluorescent signal. The new magneto-fluorescent nanoagent has great potential applications for biological and medical uses.

    Morphology and Property of PVA/SiO2-TiO2 Hybrid Electrospun Fibers
    MA Hai-Hong, SHI Tie-Jun*
    2009, 30(9):  1885-1890. 
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    The spin solutions of PVA/SiO2-TiO2 hybrid materials were prepared by sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), then fiber membranes were obtained by electrospinning. FTIR results show that hydroxyl in PVA condenses with hydroxyl of hydrolyzing TEOS and TBT; the hybrid electrospinning fiber membranes are linked by the form of network configuration. XRD result indicates that the degree of crystallinity of hybrid electrospun fiber membranes decline comparing with pure PVA electrospun fiber membrane. SEM pictures reveal that the diameter of the electrospun fibers increase and some curved fibers exist with the increasing (SiO2-TiO2) contents. UV-Vis measurements show that the ability is improving of shielding to ultraviolet with the adding of TiO2. TGA measurements suggest that the hybrid fiber shows better resistance to heat than pure PVA electrospun fiber. Water resistance and stability testing indicated that the hybrid fiber shows better water resistance and stability than pure PVA and PVA/SiO2 electrospun fiber.

    Photophysical Properties of Poly(2-methoxy-5-octyloxy)-p-phenylene Vinylene/SWNTs Composites
    SUN Jian-Ping*, WENG Jia-Bao, LIN Ting, MA Lin-Pu
    2009, 30(9):  1891-1897. 
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    The photoelectric composites of poly(2-methoxy-5-octyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene/single-walled carbon nanotubes(PMOCOPV/SWNTs) were prepared by dehydrochlorination in-situ polymerization. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicate that PMOCOPV is coated on the surface of SWNTs. The composite dimensions were observed by highly resolution transmission electron microscope, the diameter of PMOCOPV/SWNTs is about 4—7 nm and the thickness of the coated PMOCOPV is about 2—5 nm. The absorption of PMOCOPV/SWNTs is strengthened with the contents of SWNTs increasing, and a blue shift of the absorption peak can be clearly observed in the UV-Vis spectrum. Photoluminescence spectroscopy indicates that the maximum emission wavelength of the PMOCOPV/SWNTs is blue-shifted and intensity of photoluminescence decreases with increasing SWNTs concentration. PMOCOPV/SWNTs shows fluorescence quenching, which involved the inter-molecular photo-induced charge transfer process. The optical band gap of PMOCOPV/SWNTs decreases gradually with the contents of SWNTs increasing. Third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility of PMOCOPV/SWNTs composites was measured by degenerate four wave mixing. The results show that the third-order nonlinear optical responses of PMOCOPV/SWNTs composites are enhanced gradually when SWNTs content increased, which can be attributed to inter-molecular photo-induced electron transfer and π-π electron coupling between PMOCOPV and SWNTs.

    Mechanism of in Situ Compatibilization and Degradation by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction for Polymer Blends
    GUO Zheng-Hong*, FANG Zheng-Ping
    2009, 30(9):  1898-1903. 
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    The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction is common in organic synthesis. However, only a few articles on the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction for in situ compatibilization of PS and polyolefin blends have been published so far. The mechanism of Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction adopted in PS/polyolefin blends keeps unclear, and the concerned study is not sufficient. GPC analysis for PS/POE blends showed that the effects of AlCl3 catalyst laid on in situ compatibilization and degradation. On the basis of detailed analysis on the characteristics of Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction and the deeply understanding of the mechanism of in situ compatibilization for PS/POE/AlCl3 blends, it was found that there was the competition of two factors: the formation of PS-g-POE copolymer and the degradation of the blending components. In the presence of AlCl3 catalyst, there were lots of carbocation appeared in PS/POE/AlCl3 blends. The carbocation attacked polyolefin and caused the chain scission through electron rearrangement, which resulted in the degradation of the blending components.

    Letter
    Template Synthesis of Composite Hollow Spheres
    LI Jian-Jun, ZHANG Cheng-Liang, DING Shu-Jiang, QU Xiao-Zhong, YANG Zhen-Zhong*
    2009, 30(9):  1904-1906. 
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    Composite hollow spheres with IPN structure were synthesized by swelling polymerization against a PS hollow sphere. After modification, carboxyl group was introduced to the shell. The polymeric gel can induce a favorable growth of various components forming composite/polymer hollow spheres without the removal of any template. Various functional composite hollow spheres such as silica/polymer, titania/polymer and palladium/polymer were prepared by this method. After removing polymer, silica and titania hollow spheres can be obtained.