Preparation of Sulfonated Graphene/Activated Carbon Composite Electrode for Asymmetric Capacitive Deionization†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20131177

Abstract

Abstract:

Sulfonated graphene(GP-SO₃H) was prepared by grafting reaction of sulfonated diazoniun salt. The sulfonated graphene was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. The experimental results indicate that the sulfonic groups have been grafted onto graphene oxide. The sulfonated graphene/activated carbon composite electrode(GP-SO₃H/AC) was prepared by mixing 10%(mass fraction) GP-SO₃H as dopant. Compared with AC electrode, this composite electrode exhibits an ideal double layer capacitive behavior and high conductivity, confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The hybrid capacitor was assembled by the resultant GP-SO₃H/AC as negative electrode and AC as counter electrode for capacitor deionization(CDI). Under the constant current charging-discharging condition, the salt removal amount of 10.87 mg/g in single cycle was obtained, about 2.4 times that of the normal AC capacitor. And the current efficiency was improved dramatically owing to the facile adsorption of sulfonic groups to cations, and the shielding effect of sulfonic groups on the counter-ions. The asymmetric capacitor is expected to be used for actual application in brackish water desalination.

Key words: Graphene oxide, Sulfonation graphene, Activated carbon, Capacitive deionization

CLC Number:

O646

TrendMD:

LU Miao, LIU Jianyun, WANG Shiping, CHENG Jian. Preparation of Sulfonated Graphene/Activated Carbon Composite Electrode for Asymmetric Capacitive Deionization^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2014, 35(7): 1546.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 SEM images of G(A) and GP-SO3H(B)

Fig.2 XRD patterns of G(a), GO(b), GP(c) and P-SO3H(d)

Fig.3 Raman spectra of GP(a) and P-SO3H(b)

Fig.4 FTIR spectra of GO(a) and GP-SO3H(b)

Fig.5 SEM images of GP-SO3H/AC(A) and AC(B) electrodes

Fig.6 CVs of the GP-SO3H/AC(a), GP/AC(b) and C(c) electrodes in 1 mol/L NaCl solution Scan rate: 2 mV/s.

Fig.7 EIS of the GP-SO3H/AC(a), GP/AC(b) and C(c) electrodes in 1 mol/L NaCl solution

Fig.8 Conductivity change with time during charge-discharge process of the GP-SO3H/AC|AC(a), GP/AC|AC(b) and AC|AC(c), respectively

Fig.9 Effect of the doping amount of GP-SO3H on salt removal AC corresponds to the AC|AC cell. Doping amount of GP-SO3H, w(%): a. 5; b. 10; c. 5.

Fig.10 Current efficiency of the GP-SO3H/AC|AC(a), GP /AC|AC(b) and AC|AC(c) capacitors at different current density

Fig.11 Changes of conductivity(a) and voltage(b) of GP-SO3H/AC|AC during charge-discharge cycling

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