Fabrication of Transparent Superhydrophobic Nano-arrays and Self-ejecting Behavior of Dew Drops†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20160198

Abstract

Abstract:

Highly-oriented ZnO nanorod arrays on FTO were fabricated by chemical oxidation of ZnO seed layer deposited by a sol-gel method. We studied the influence and its mechanism of solution concentration for crystal seed layer and thereafter growth time for nanorods on the morphology of nano-arrays, and then further explained the change of wettability and transparency. By precisely controlling the fabrication of the nano-arrays, we obtained a superhydrophobic surface with 95% of average transmittance. Owing to densely growth of nanorod arrays, the surface was mainly covered by micro-drops with the diameter of ca.10 μm under steady condensation. Moreover, the tiny dew drops could self-eject during coalescence together and then easily detach from the surface. The measured results of number density, coverage and average diameter of the drops therefore kept constant, showing excellent performance of anti-condensation.

Key words: Nano-arrays, ZnO, Superhydrophobicity, Transparency, Self-ejection

CLC Number:

O647

TrendMD:

ZHANG Youfa, AN Lijia, HAO Jianxia, YU Xinquan, CHEN Feng. Fabrication of Transparent Superhydrophobic Nano-arrays and Self-ejecting Behavior of Dew Drops^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2016, 37(10): 1882.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 SEM images(A—C) and XRD patterns(D) of as-prepared ZnO nano-rod arrays Spin coating with 0.3 mol/L sol and subsequent 2 h growth in the solution. (A) Low magnification;(B) high magnification; (C) cross-section of nano-rods.

Fig.2 Size parameters of the ZnO nano-rod arrays on FTO(A) Different concentrations of seeds solution; (B) different immersion time in growth solution. a. Height; b. diameter; c. spacing.

Fig.3 Effects of concentration of seeds solution and growth time on water wettability Concentration of seed solution/(mol·L-1): ◆◇ 0.1; ■□ 0.2; ▲△ 0.3; ●○ 0.4.

Fig.4 Effects of concentration of seeds solution and growth time on transmittance(A) Digital image of a transparent superhydrophobic FTO sample fabricated with concentration of seeds solution of 0.1 mol/L and growth time of 0.5 h, inset shows the spherical shape of a drop on the surface. (B) average transmittance of the samples.

Fig.5 Condensation behavior of the transparent superhydrophobic nano-arrays on a 2 ℃ cold stage under ambient conditions(temperature 17 ℃, relative humidity 42%)The sample is prepared with concentration of seeds solution of 0.1 mol/L and growth time of 0.5 h. Time-lapse optical images of dropwise condensation for 5 min(A), 10 min(B), 20 min(C) and 30 min(D), respectively. (E)—(H) Snap shots of self-jumping of a drop during condensation. Time/ms: (E) 0; (F) 1; (G) 5; (H) 48.

Fig.6 Quantification of the condensate drops on the transparent superhydrophobic nano-arrays (A) Measured drop number densities and drop surface coverage on the surface; (B) time evolution of average drop diameter; (C) histogram of drop diameter. a. 1—10 μm; b. 10—20 μm; c. 20—30 μm; d. 30—40 μm;e. 40—50 μm; f. 50—60 μm; g. >60 μm.

Fig.7 Schematic illustration of droplets motion on superhydrophobic nano-arrays(A) Forces of a droplet during moving; (B) self-jumping of a droplet resulted from coalesce.

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