高等学校化学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 1552.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20200750

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锂离子电池高容量合金基含锂负极材料的研究进展

毛尔洋1, 王莉2, 孙永明1()   

  1. 1.华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心, 武汉 430074
    2.清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-15 出版日期:2021-05-10 发布日期:2021-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 孙永明 E-mail:yongmingsun@hust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(批准号(51802105);武汉光电国家研究中心创新专项基金和中央高校基本科研业务费(批准号: HUST:2019JYCXJJ014)资助

Advances in Alloy-based High-capacity Li-containing Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries

MAO Eryang1, WANG Li2, SUN Yongming1()   

  1. 1.Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China
    2.Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
  • Received:2020-10-15 Online:2021-05-10 Published:2021-01-27
  • Contact: SUN Yongming E-mail:yongmingsun@hust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802105);the Innovation Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, China and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China(No.HUST:2019JYCXJJ014)

摘要:

现有的以石墨为负极的锂离子电池能量密度逐渐接近其理论极限. 基于合金化反应机制的高容量含锂负极材料LixMy(M为能够和锂发生合金化反应的元素)是一类新兴的负极材料, 具有数倍于石墨的储锂比容量, 且可以为电池提供活性锂源. 这些特性使其能够与高容量无锂正极材料(如S, O2, FeF3和V2O5等)相匹配, 构建下一代高比能锂离子电池新体系. 本文综述了近年来高容量合金基含锂负极材料(如LixSi, LixSn, Li3P和LixAl基系列材料)的研究进展, 分析了所面临的挑战, 概述了材料的合成与电极的制备方法, 并介绍了它们在常规锂离子电池、 锂离子-硫电池及锂离子-空气电池等多个全电池体系中的应用实例, 提出并举证了其电化学性能优化与调控的策略, 最后展望了未来的研究方向.

关键词: 含锂负极, 锂合金, 高容量, 高比能, 锂离子电池

Abstract:

The emergent Li-containing alloys(LixMy, M refers to metal or nonmetal element that can react with Li to form alloys) is a class of promising electrode materials for next-generation high energy lithium-ion batteries. They deliver high theoretical specific capacities that are several times that of current graphite and can act as active lithium suppliers that are different from traditional lithium-free alloy anodes(Si, Sn, P, etc.). The LixMy anodes can pare with high-capacity Li-free cathodes(such as Sulfur, O2, FeF3, V2O5, etc.) to develop a new full battery system. In this paper, researches on Li-containing alloy-based high-capacity anodes LixMy(e.g., Li4.4Si, Li4.4Sn, Li3P, Li2.25Al, etc.) were reviewed. Scientific challenges and technical difficulties of LixMy anodes were systematically analyzed and discussed. Various methods for materials synthesis and electrodes fabrication were summarized. Furthermore, various full-cell configurations based on LixMy anodes were introduced, including Li-ion batteries(LIBs), Li-ion-sulfur batteries(LISBs), and Li-ion-oxygen batte-ries(LIOBs). Moreover, research strategies and achievements on addressing the challenges of LixMy anodes and improving their performance were discussed, including composition adjustment, surface coating, material composite, electrode treatment, and electrolyte engineering, etc. Also, perspectives and new insights for the future development of LixMy anodes are proposed.

Key words: Li-containing anode, Li-alloy, High-capacity, High-specific energy, Lithium-ion battery

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