结构强健的Al2O3-SiO2气凝胶的制备及可重复使用性能

doi:10.7503/cjcu20190369

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过纳米晶组装技术, 构筑了Al₂O₃-SiO₂复合气凝胶; 利用不同组分耐温性的差异, 经过热处理过程得到了骨架强健的Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶. 研究了不同配比及热处理温度对材料微观结构和组分的影响, 确定了最佳制备条件, 得到了比表面积为123.9 m ²/g, 密度为 0.25 g/cm ³, 导热系数为0.029 W·m ^-1·K ^-1的气凝胶材料. 在泡水和冰冻等极端环境下, 气凝胶材料未发生结构的破坏, 模拟10次重复隔热应用(800 ℃, 30 min)后导热系数保持不变. 该隔热性气凝胶的开发有望解决未来飞行器隔热材料需重复使用的技术瓶颈, 为开发新型气凝胶隔热材料提供了新思路.

关键词: 空天飞行器, 纳米孔, 气凝胶, 可重复使用性能, 隔热材料

Abstract:

An Al₂O₃-SiO₂ composite aerogel with robust mechanical property was constructed by nanocrystalline assembly. Due to different heat resistance of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, robust Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel can be prepared by controlling treating temperature. The effects of Al/Si molar ratio and treating temperature on microstructure were studied and the best experiment condition was obtained. The aerogel gets densities of 0.25 g/cm ³, specific surface of 123.9 m ²/g, thermal coefficient of 0.029 W·m ^-1·K ^-1 fabricated in the best experiment condition. The test result showed that the microstructures of aerogel unchanged in extreme conditions such as water immersion and freeze. And thermal coefficient of aerogel still remains 0.029 W·m ^-1·K ^-1 after 10 cycles heat treatment(800 ℃, 30 min). The robust Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel is expected to solve the problem that thermal insulation material cannot be used repeatedly in future aerospace vehicles and near space vehicles. This method prove a new idea for new aerogel insulation materials.

Key words: Aerospace vehicle, Nanopores, Aerogel, Reusable property, Thermal insulation material

中图分类号:

O643

TrendMD:

张恩爽,黄红岩,刘韬,贺丽娟,郭慧,李文静,张凡,杨洁颖,张昊,赵英民. 结构强健的Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶的制备及可重复使用性能. 高等学校化学学报, 2019, 40(12): 2566.

Enshuang ZHANG,Hongyan HUANG,Tao LIU,Lijuan HE,Hui GUO,Wenjing LI,Fan ZHANG,Jieying YANG,Hao ZHANG,Yingmin ZHAO. Synthesis and Reusable Properties of Robust Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogel. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2019, 40(12): 2566.

图/表 10

Scheme 1 Schematic fabrication process for Al2O3-SiO2 aerogels

Fig.1 SEM images of aerogels S1(A), S2(B), S3(C) and S4(D)

Fig.2 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of aerogels S1(A), S2(B), S3(C) and S4(D)

Table 1 Textural property data of Al2O3-SiO2 aerogels*

Sample	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	Pore size/nm	Density/(g·cm^-3)
S1	182.4(100.3)	7.3	0.20
S2	180.9(123.9)	8.0	0.22
S3	157.0(128.9)	9.4	0.24
S4	165.1(125.4)	10.2	0.25

Fig.3 TEM images(A—E) and XRD patterns(F) of Al2O3-SiO2 aerogels at different heating temperatures (A) Original; (B) 800 ℃; (C) 1000 ℃; (D) 1200 ℃; (E) 1300 ℃; (F) a. orginal; b. S2-800; c. S2-900;d. S2-1000; e. S2-1200; f. S2-1300.

Table 2 Textural property data of Al2O3-SiO2 aerogels with different heat treatments

Sample	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	Pore size/nm	Density/(g·cm^-3)
Original	180.9	7.6	0.22
S2-800	176.3	7.9	0.21
S2-1000	158.2	11.7	0.21
S2-1200	123.9	14.1	0.25
S2-1300	70.2	15.9	0.32

Fig.4 Optical photograph and microstructure of Al2O3-SiO2 aerogels before and after the experiment (B6) TEM image of the corresponding aerogel microstructure.

Fig.5 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of Al2O3-SiO2 aerogels before(A) and after the experiment(B)

Fig.6 Changing curves of heat conduction coefficient with heat treatment times Inset: (A) sample for the first test; (B) sample for 10 times test.

Fig.7 Schematic of Al2O3-SiO2 aerogels microstructure before and after heat treatment

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结构强健的Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶的制备及可重复使用性能

Synthesis and Reusable Properties of Robust Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogel

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