石墨烯掺杂碳气凝胶粉体的制备及电磁干扰性能

doi:10.7503/cjcu20180561

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用溶胶-凝胶、超临界干燥及高温裂解技术制备了不同石墨烯掺杂量的碳气凝胶(G-CA)粉体材料, 通过控制材料的组成和微观结构, 制备了密度仅为0.0093 g/cm³的低密度高导电性气凝胶粉体. 将G-CA粉体布撒在空气中, 测试其对毫米波、可见光和红外光的衰减性能. 结果表明, 相对于纯碳气凝胶和纯石墨烯气凝胶, G-CA粉体对3种波段的电磁波的衰减性能大幅度提高. 其中石墨烯/掺杂量为7%的碳气凝胶(7%G-CA)在布撒初期和布撒20 min后, 对红外光和可见光均具有97%和94%以上的遮蔽率; 对于毫米波, 在布撒初期和布撒10 min以后, 分别具有75%和65%以上的遮蔽率. G-CA粉体具有良好的分等级微纳米结构及高导电性和超低密度, 该微观结构与组成的协同作用使其呈现出优异的多波段、长时有效的电磁干扰性能, 有望扩展和延伸传统烟幕材料的应用范围.

关键词: 烟幕材料, 石墨烯, 碳气凝胶, 电磁干扰, 多频段

Abstract:

The graphene/carbon aerogels material was prepared by sol-gel method. The composite aerogels with different hierarchical micro-nanostructures and high conductivity were prepared. Releasing composite aerogels powder in air, the optic attenuation performance of aerogels was measured at infrared, visible and millimeter waves. The results indicated that the shielding ratio of 7%G-CA powder was above 97% and 94%, correspondingly, at the beginning of release and after 20 min, both in infrared and visible wave band. For millimeter wave band, the shielding ratio of 7%G-CA powder is above 75% and 65%, at the beginning of release and after 10 min, respectively. The study is expected to extend application of smoke jamming.

Key words: Smoke jamming, Graphene, Carbon aerogel, Electromagnetic interference, Multi-frequency band

中图分类号:

O631
O643

TrendMD:

张恩爽, 吕通, 刘韬, 黄红岩, 刘圆圆, 郭慧, 李文静, 赵英民, 杨洁颖. 石墨烯掺杂碳气凝胶粉体的制备及电磁干扰性能. 高等学校化学学报, 2019, 40(3): 567.

ZHANG Enshuang,LÜ Tong,LIU Tao,HUANG Hongyan,LIU Yuanyuan,GUO Hui,LI Wenjing,ZHAO Yingmin,YANG Jieying. Preparation of Graphene/Carbon Aerogel and Its Applied Research in Multi-frequency Band Electromagnetic Interference. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2019, 40(3): 567.

图/表 10

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Sample	Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	Shrinkage rate(%)	Conductivity/(S·m^-1)	D(0.5)/μm
CA	0.154	78	3.89	3.5
2%G-CA	0.092	68	87.6	4.5
4%G-CA	0.030	63	114.2	9.1
5%G-CA	0.014	53	238.5	10.2
7%G-CA	0.009	35	2880	14.8
100%GA	0.126	86	3165	13.8

Sample	Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	Shrinkage rate(%)	Conductivity/(S·m^-1)	D(0.5)/μm
CA	0.154	78	3.89	3.5
2%G-CA	0.092	68	87.6	4.5
4%G-CA	0.030	63	114.2	9.1
5%G-CA	0.014	53	238.5	10.2
7%G-CA	0.009	35	2880	14.8
100%GA	0.126	86	3165	13.8

Sample	Shield ratio(%)
	Infrared band		Visible band	Millimeter wave
	3—5 μm	8—12 μm	Visible band	Millimeter wave
CA	96.4±1.9(5 s)	90.4±0.9(5 s)	92.7±1.9(5 s)	0(5 s)
	90.0±1.8(20 min)	81.6±1.6(20 min)	90.0±1.8(20 min)	0(10 min)
2%G-CA	99.5±2.0(5 s)	97.6±2.0(5 s)	95.5±1.9(5 s)	33.1±0.3(5 s)
	94.2±1.9(20 min)	83.2±1.6(20 min)	88.9±1.8(20 min)	28.3±0.3(10 min)
4%G-CA	95.0±1.9(5 s)	95.4±1.9(5 s)	95.0±1.9(5 s)	78.0±0.8(5 s)
	92.5±1.8(20 min)	88.4±1.7(20 min)	92.5±1.9(20 min)	60.0±0.6(10 min)
5%G-CA	99.8±2.0(5 s)	98.7±2.0(5 s)	95.4±1.9(5 s)	79.3±0.8(5 s)
	96.9±1.9(20 min)	88.4±1.7(20 min)	94.3±1.9(20 min)	61.8±0.6(10 min)
7%G-CA	99.8±2.0(5 s)	97.2±1.9(5 s)	97.2±1.9(5 s)	75.8±0.8(5 s)
	96.6±1.9(20 min)	95.7±1.9(20 min)	94.0±1.9(20 min)	65.2±0.7(10 min)
100%GA	99.9±2.0(5 s)	97.2±1.9(5 s)	97.9±2.0(5 s)	78.4±0.8(5 s)
	97.8±1.9(20 min)	93.9±1.9(20 min)	80.4±1.6(20 min)	48.9±0.5(10 min)

Sample	Shield ratio(%)
	Infrared band		Visible band	Millimeter wave
	3—5 μm	8—12 μm	Visible band	Millimeter wave
CA	96.4±1.9(5 s)	90.4±0.9(5 s)	92.7±1.9(5 s)	0(5 s)
	90.0±1.8(20 min)	81.6±1.6(20 min)	90.0±1.8(20 min)	0(10 min)
2%G-CA	99.5±2.0(5 s)	97.6±2.0(5 s)	95.5±1.9(5 s)	33.1±0.3(5 s)
	94.2±1.9(20 min)	83.2±1.6(20 min)	88.9±1.8(20 min)	28.3±0.3(10 min)
4%G-CA	95.0±1.9(5 s)	95.4±1.9(5 s)	95.0±1.9(5 s)	78.0±0.8(5 s)
	92.5±1.8(20 min)	88.4±1.7(20 min)	92.5±1.9(20 min)	60.0±0.6(10 min)
5%G-CA	99.8±2.0(5 s)	98.7±2.0(5 s)	95.4±1.9(5 s)	79.3±0.8(5 s)
	96.9±1.9(20 min)	88.4±1.7(20 min)	94.3±1.9(20 min)	61.8±0.6(10 min)
7%G-CA	99.8±2.0(5 s)	97.2±1.9(5 s)	97.2±1.9(5 s)	75.8±0.8(5 s)
	96.6±1.9(20 min)	95.7±1.9(20 min)	94.0±1.9(20 min)	65.2±0.7(10 min)
100%GA	99.9±2.0(5 s)	97.2±1.9(5 s)	97.9±2.0(5 s)	78.4±0.8(5 s)
	97.8±1.9(20 min)	93.9±1.9(20 min)	80.4±1.6(20 min)	48.9±0.5(10 min)