高等学校化学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 20220263.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20220263

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

富锂正极材料结构设计和表面调控的研究进展

赵霄朗1,2, 杨梅2, 王江艳2,3(), 王丹1,2,3()   

  1. 1.青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院, 青岛 266001
    2.中国科学院过程工程研究所, 生化工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100190
    3.中国科学院大学化学工程学院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-19 出版日期:2023-01-10 发布日期:2022-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 王江艳,王丹 E-mail:jywang@ipe.ac.cn;danwang@ipe.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21820102002);中国科学院洁净能源创新研究院合作基金(DNL202020);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2902500┫赞助)

Progress in the Structure Design and Surface Manipulation of Lithium-rich Cathode Materials

ZHAO Xiaolang1,2, YANG Mei2, WANG Jiangyan2,3(), WANG Dan1,2,3()   

  1. 1.College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
    3.School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2022-04-19 Online:2023-01-10 Published:2022-05-10
  • Contact: WANG Jiangyan, WANG Dan E-mail:jywang@ipe.ac.cn;danwang@ipe.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21820102002);the Cooperation Fund of the Institute of Clean Energy Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences(DNL202020);the National Key Research and Development Program, China(2021YFC2902500)

摘要:

富锂正极材料因具有较高的理论能量密度, 被视为极具发展潜能的新一代正极材料, 但该材料在循环过程中容量和电压衰减显著, 导致其实际商业应用受阻. 本文综合评述了通过结构设计和表面调控提高富锂正极材料储锂性能的研究进展, 介绍了富锂正极材料的充放电工作机制, 及导致其比容量和电压衰减的原因, 讨论了近年来通过新型结构设计(如构筑蛋黄-蛋壳中空结构、 中空多壳层结构等)和表面调控(如尺寸控制、 暴露晶面控制、 表面尖晶石化、 表面包覆、 表面掺杂等)策略, 抑制富锂正极材料表面氧析出和晶型转变并稳定材料结构, 从而抑制电压和比容量衰减, 有效提高电池的循环寿命和库伦效率的相关研究成果, 最后, 提出了通过结构设计和表面调控提高富锂正极材料电化学性能面临的挑战, 并对未来发展方向进行了展望.

关键词: 富锂正极材料, 能量密度, 结构设计, 中空多壳层结构, 表面调控

Abstract:

Lithium-rich cathode materials are regarded as promising cathode candidates for next-generation lithium-ion battery, due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the rapid capacity and voltage decay during cycling hinders their practical commercial application. In this review, the research progress of improving the lithium storage performance of lithium-rich cathode materials through structure design and surface manipulation was summarized in detail. Firstly, the working mechanism of charge and discharge of lithium-rich cathode materials as well as the reasons for their specific capacity and voltage decay were introduced. Subsequently, we discussed the recent progress in improving the performance of lithium-rich cathode materials through novel structural design and surface manipulation strategies. By constructing novel structure such as yolk-shell and hollow multishelled structure, and by controlling the particle size, exposing beneficial surface, surface spinelization, surface coating, surface doping, etc., the surficial oxygen loss and crystal form transformation of the lithium-rich cathode materials could be effectively inhibited, and the geometric structure could be stabilized. As a result, the decay of voltage and specific capacity could be suppressed, and the cycle life and Coulomb efficiency of the battery could be improved. Finally, the remained challenges of improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich cathode materials are discussed and the future development directions are prospected.

Key words: Li-rich cathode material, Energy density, Structure design, Hollow multishelled structure, Surface manipulation

中图分类号: 

TrendMD: