基于自组装技术的纳米功能材料研究进展

doi:10.7503/cjcu20190643

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米自组装技术的迅速发展拓宽了纳米材料的应用领域. 利用自组装合成纳米新材料是一种有效且具有发展前景的方法. 本综述介绍了纳米自组装技术的研究价值及近年来新兴的制备方法, 重点论述了驱动纳米自组装的作用类型, 包括范德华力、静电作用、磁力作用、氢键、熵效应以及疏溶剂相互作用、 DNA碱基互补配对等其它相互作用, 同时也对纳米自组装体的应用情况进行了阐述, 并探讨了利用纳米自组装技术研制新材料所面临的机遇和挑战.

关键词: 自组装, 纳米材料, 制备方法, 相互作用, 应用领域

Abstract:

The rapid development of nanoscale self-assembly technology has broadened the application of nanomaterials. The self-assembly provides an effective and promising way to form new nanomaterials. This review introduces the value of nanoscale self-assembly technology and emerging synthesis methods in recent years. It focuses on the types of interactions driving nanoscopic self-assembly, including van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, magnetic forces, hydrogen bonding, entropy effects, and other interactions(solvophobic interactions, DNA complementary base paring rules, etc.). In addition, the application fields as well as the existing opportunities and challenges of nanoscale self-assembly in developing novel materials are discussed.

Key words: Self-assembly, Nanomaterial, Preparation method, Interaction, Application field

中图分类号:

O611

王军, 王铁. 基于自组装技术的纳米功能材料研究进展[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2020, 41(3): 377-387.

WANG Jun, WANG Tie. Recent Progress in Functional Nanomaterials Based on Self-assembly Technology ^†[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(3): 377-387.

图/表 9

Fig.1 Decisive effect of ligand density and the symmetry of surface patterns on the directional self-assembly between particles[32] (A), (B) Side view and top view of coordination geometry of nanoparticles(NPs) in the crystal lattice; (C) contacting environment among the interparticle ligands; (D) side-by-side stacking of the ligands; (E) point-to-point stacking of the ligands; (F) schematics of the directional NP assembly through matching the symmetry of surface patterns. Copyright 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Fig.2 Gold nanoparticles(GNPs) modified with amphiphilic block copolymers(BCPs) assembly to form spherical vesicles (A) GNPs with high grafting density interact mainly through solvophobic interactions between polymer coatings to form 2D arrays; (B) GNPs with low grafting density interact mainly through van der Waals interactions between particle cores to form 1D stings[38]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH.

Fig.3 Schematic representations of different packing models of self-assembled Ag-MXA superclusters induced by hydrogen bonding interactions[45] (A) The range of packing factor determines the geometry of the assembly: from hexagonal superclusters(i) to lamellar superclusters(ii); (B)—(D) schematic representations of different packing models: (B) hexagonal, (C) lamellar, (D) bi-lamellar; (E) the formation process of self-assembled Ag-MXA superclusters. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.

Fig.4 Schematic illustration(A) and digital photo(B) expressing the assembly properties of Fe3O4@SiO2 driven by magnetic force in a complex magnetic field and schematic illustration(C) and digital photo(D) expressing the adjustable structure and photonic properties controlled by the magnetic field[50] Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society.

Fig.5 Images of Fe3O4 particles, Fe3O4@nSiO2 nanochains, and Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 nanochains prepared by a novel magnetic-field-guided interface coassembly approach[55] (A) TEM image of Fe3O4 particles; (B), (C) SEM and TEM images of Fe3O4@nSiO2 nanochains; (D), (E) SEM images of Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 nanochains in different magnifications; (F) TEM image of Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 nanochains expressing unique pores in the out silica shell. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.

Fig.6 Schematic illustration of the importance of entropic attractions between NPAMs in controlling the lateral phase separation of the two types of amphiphiles in the membranes[60] Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.

Fig.7 Levitation mediated self-assembly of a bilayered nanoassembly[67] (A) Schematic illustration of acoustic levitation self-assembly process; (B)—(F) the temporal evolution of an evaporating droplet collected with a camera; (G)—(J) SEM images of bilayered nanoassemblies assembled from different building blocks; (G) Au NC; (H) Au@Ag NB; (I) Au NBP; (J) Au TOH. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.

Fig.9 Diagrammatic sketch of assembly process of GSP@ZIF-8 core-shell structure(A) and the application of GSP@ZIF-8 in volatile organic compound(VOC) detection via SERS spectroscopy(B)[79] Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.

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