Preparation of High Oxygen Porous Carbon from Walnut Peel and Its Adsorption Properties for Ni2+

doi:10.7503/cjcu20200449

Abstract

Abstract:

The hierarchical biomass carbon（HBC_x） was obtained from walnut green peel，which was first prepared by hydrothermal method， and then activated at different temperatures. The as-made HBC_xwas characterized by SEM， FTIR， BET and XPS， and its application for adsorption of high or low concentration Ni²⁺ originated from batteries waste water was investigated. The SEM and BET results show that a large number of macropores（about 2 μm） are uniformly distributed on HBC_x. HBC_x has a hierarchical porous structure. When the activation temperature is 800 ℃， the specific surface area of the obtained HBC₈₀₀ is 94 m²/g with the average pore diameter of 4.07 nm. The results of FTIR and XPS show that the surface of carbon materials is rich in oxygen and nitrogen-containing functional groups， and the oxygen content is as high as 21.24%（molar fraction）， which can be ion exchanged or co-precipitated with Ni²⁺. These groups are beneficial to the adsorption process. The prepared porous carbon has a removal rate of close to 100% for low-concentration Ni²⁺ in the waste liquid， showing excellent adsorption performance.The Langmuir model fits well with the adsorption isotherm of Ni²⁺ on HBC_x， which demonstrated the adsorption is monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni²⁺ on HBC₈₀₀ is up to 127.39 mg/g. The quasi-second-order kinetic model can describe the adsorption process better. The adsorption rate is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption. Fixed-bed adsorption result shows that the HBC_x is a promising material which can be used in industry widely.

Key words: Walnut green peel, Porous carbon, High oxygen content, Ni²⁺, Chemical adsorption

CLC Number:

O647.3

TrendMD:

YU Jianxing, YU Moxin, KUAI Le, ZHU Bowen. Preparation of High Oxygen Porous Carbon from Walnut Peel and Its Adsorption Properties for Ni²⁺[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(11): 2464.

Figures/Tables 13

References 36

1	Kondrakov A. O.， Schmidt A.， Xu J.， J. Phys. Chem. C， 2017， 121（6）， 3286—3294
2	Wang J. W.， Kuo Y. M.， J. Appl. Polym. Sci.， 2010， 107（4）， 2333—2342
3	Cheng Y. Y.， Sui G. H.， Chen Z. M.， Wei Q. L.， Wang X. F.， Yang X. M.， Wang Z. C.， Chem. J. Chinese Universities， 2018， 39（6）， 1132—1137（程岩岩，隋光辉，陈志敏，魏庆玲，王晓峰，杨晓敏，王子忱. 高等学校化学学报， 2018， 39（6）， 1132—1137）
4	Roy S. V.， Vanbroekhoven K.， Dejonghe W.， Hydrometallurgy， 2006， 83（1）， 195—203
5	Grebenyuk V. D.， Verbich S. V.， Linkov N. A.， Desalination.， 1998， 115（3）， 239—254
6	Huang J. M.， Jin X. R.， Chem. J. Chinese Universities， 1992， 13（4）， 535—536（黄金明，金鑫荣. 高等学校化学学报，1992， 13（4）， 535—536）
7	Saratale R. G.， Saratale G. D.， Shin H. S.， Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.， 2017， 25（11）， 1—20
8	Suha S.， Carrott P. J. M.， Carrott M. M. L. R.， Bioresour. Technol.， 2007， 98（12）， 2301—2312
9	Huang M. L.， Wang C.， J. Wuhan University Technol.（Mater. Sci.）， 2019， 34（1）， 41—46
10	Balog R.， Manilo M.， Vanyorek L.， RSC Adv.， 2020， 10， 3184—3191
11	Arukkani M.， Desalination Water Treat.， 2018， 122（8）， 176—191
12	Xu J. L.， Zhang F.， Nie M. Q.， Wang H. X.， Li L. W.， Chem. J. Chinese Universities， 2020， 41（1）， 155—161（徐建玲，张頔，聂苗青，王汉席，李龙威. 高等学校化学学报， 2020， 41（1）， 155—161）
13	Kołodyńska D.， Krukowska J.， Thomas P.， Chem. Eng. J.， 2016， 307， 353—363
14	Yang Q. T.， Guo Z. K.， Li J. G.， Guangzhou Chem. Ind.， 2018， 46（6）， 12—15（杨巧婷，郭兆宽，李江瑞. 广州化工， 2018， 46（6）， 12—15）
15	Mustapha S.， Shuaib D. T.， Ndamitso M. M.， Appl. Water Sci.， 2019， 9（6）， 1—11
16	Muthukrishnaraj A.， Desalination Water Treat.， 2015， 56（9）， 2485—2501
17	Pang M. L.， Xu L.， Naoki K.， J. Chem. Eng. Japan， 2014， 47（5）， 386—391
18	Zhang C. Y.， He C. X.， Bioresources， 2018， 13（3）， 5543—5553
19	Soliman N. K.， Environ. Technol. Innov.， 2019， 15， 100365—100384
20	Zheng W. L.， Chen S.， Liu H. E.， RSC Adv.， 2019， 9， 37440—37449
21	Karimnezhad L.， Haghighi M.， Fatehifar E.， Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.， 2014， 8（6）， 835—844
22	Cai Q.， Buts A.， Biggs M. J.， Langmuir.， 2007， 23（16）， 8430—8440
23	Fu F.L.， Wang Q.， J. Environ. Manag.， 2011， 92（4）， 407—418
24	Shi W., Preparation of Walnut Skin Charcoal and Its Adsorption Performance for Metal Ions in Wastewater, Anhui University of Techno⁃ logy, Ma′anshan, 2019(施伟. 核桃皮炭的制备及其对废水中金属离子的吸附性能, 马鞍山: 安徽工业大学, 2019)
25	Saleh T. A.， Gupta V. K.， Al⁃Saadi A. A.， J. Colloid Interf. Sci.， 2013， 396， 264—269
26	Rudrake A.， Karan K.， Horton J. H.， J. Colloid Interf. Sci.， 2009， 332（1）， 22—31
27	Takahagi T.， Ishitani A.， Carbon， 1988， 26（3）， 389—395
28	Barczak M.， Michalak⁃Zwierz K.， Gdula K.， Micropor. Mesopor. Mater.， 2015， 211， 162—173
29	Pejman H., Xu M., Ning C., Carol S., Gordon M., Chem. Eng. J., 2015, 260, 895—906
30	Shaker M. A.， Yakout A. A.， Spectrochimica Acta Part A： Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.， 2016， 154（2）， 145—153
31	Li X.Y.， Wang S. F.， Chen X.， Guangdong Chem. Ind.， 2013， 40（10）， 104—105（李兴云，王三反，陈霞. 广东化工， 2013， 40（10）， 104—105）
32	Wu W. F.， Guo W. L.， Ji Z.， Liu Y.， Hu X.， Liu Z. C.， J. Dispers. Sci. Technol.， 2018， 13， 1—12
33	Le V. T.， Dao M. U.， Le H. S.， Environ. Technol.， 2019， 15， 1—16
34	Ma H. T.， Ho V. T. T.， Pham N B.， Appl. Mech. Mater.， 2018， 876， 11—96
35	Tien D. T.， Vietnam J. Sci. Technol.， 2018， 56（2）， 126—132
36	Starostina I. V.， Stolyarov D. V.， Anichina Y. N.， Iop Conf.， 2018， 107， 1—7

Sample	D_av/nm	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	S_mic/(m²·g^-1)	V_t/(cm³·g^-1)	V_b/(cm³·g^-1)	V_mic/(cm³·g^-1)	Non?V_mic/V_t
HBC₇₀₀	6.66	70.44	44.66	0.1173	0.0738	0.0323	0.562
HBC₇₅₀	4.68	75.12	52.02	0.0878	0.0712	0.0347	0.513
HBC₈₀₀	4.07	94.39	78.03	0.0906	0.0710	0.0446	0.372

Sample	D_av/nm	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	S_mic/(m²·g^-1)	V_t/(cm³·g^-1)	V_b/(cm³·g^-1)	V_mic/(cm³·g^-1)	Non?V_mic/V_t
HBC₇₀₀	6.66	70.44	44.66	0.1173	0.0738	0.0323	0.562
HBC₇₅₀	4.68	75.12	52.02	0.0878	0.0712	0.0347	0.513
HBC₈₀₀	4.07	94.39	78.03	0.0906	0.0710	0.0446	0.372

Sample	Content(%)
Sample	C₁_s	O₁_s	N₁_s	Ni₂_p	—OH	C=O	C—O
HBC₇₀₀	80.93	15.36	3.71	—	22.70	68.08	9.22
HBC₇₅₀	77.83	19.33	2.84	—	23.65	60.85	15.05
HBC₈₀₀	74.98	21.24	3.77	—	26.40	40.60	33.00
HBC₈₀₀?Ni²⁺	57.92	30.10	2.75	9.23	23.95	38.92	37.13

Sample	Content(%)
Sample	C₁_s	O₁_s	N₁_s	Ni₂_p	—OH	C=O	C—O
HBC₇₀₀	80.93	15.36	3.71	—	22.70	68.08	9.22
HBC₇₅₀	77.83	19.33	2.84	—	23.65	60.85	15.05
HBC₈₀₀	74.98	21.24	3.77	—	26.40	40.60	33.00
HBC₈₀₀?Ni²⁺	57.92	30.10	2.75	9.23	23.95	38.92	37.13

Sample	Langmuir			Freundlich
Sample	q_m	K_L/(L·mg^-1)	R²	1/n	K_F	R²
HBC₇₀₀	99.01	0.1235	0.9976	0.0728	63.48	0.9216
HBC₇₅₀	111.23	0.0897	0.9956	0.0816	66.10	0.9347
HBC₈₀₀	127.39	0.0865	0.9960	0.0948	70.06	0.9542

Preparation of High Oxygen Porous Carbon from Walnut Peel and Its Adsorption Properties for Ni²⁺

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 36

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Sample	Pseudo?first?order			Pseudo?second?order
Sample	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	k₁/min^-1	R²	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	k₂/(g·mg^-1·min^-1)	R²
HBC₇₀₀	31.74	0.0026	0.7068	86.06	0.0005	0.9990
HBC₇₅₀	35.16	0.0025	0.7373	91.41	0.0004	0.9988
HBC₈₀₀	38.13	0.0024	0.6887	99.30	0.0004	0.9985

Adsorbent	pH	Q_e/(mg·g^-1)	Ref.	Adsorbent	pH	Q_e/(mg·g^-1)	Ref.
SBA?15?NN	5	32.67	[32]	RHAC(modified by HNO₃)	6	17.23	[34]
SBA	5	17.73	[32]	Coffee husk based activated carbon	9	1.97	[35]
MACCS	6	108.70	[33]	HNO₃modify coffee husk based activated carbon	9	21.14	[35]
Commercial activated carbon	6	35.39	[9]	PAC	6	68.10	[11]
Pristine N?CNTs	6	25.80	[10]	Carbonaceous sorbent	6	17.00	[36]
Oxidized N?CNTs	6	29.20	[10]	HBC₈₀₀	6	127.39	This study

[1]	HAO Honglei, MENG Fanyu, LI Ruoyu, LI Yingqiu, JIA Mingjun, ZHANG Wenxiang, YUAN Xiaoling. Biomass Derived Nitrogen Doped Porous Carbon Materials as Adsorbents for Removal of Methylene Blue in Water [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2022, 43(6): 20220055.
[2]	LUO Bian, ZHOU Fen, PAN Mu. Study on Preparation and Accessibility of Hierarchical Porous Carbon Supported Platinum Catalyst [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2022, 43(4): 20210853.
[3]	FANG Jiyong, JIANG Zhenhua, YUE Xigui. Preparation and Properties of Polyaryletherketones-based Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Composite Material [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2021, 42(6): 1994.
[4]	WANG Changyao, WANG Shuai, DUAN Linlin, ZHU Xiaohang, ZHANG Xingmiao, LI Wei. In situ Confinement Growth Strategy for Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Support Ultrasmall MoO₃ Nanoparticles [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2021, 42(5): 1589.
[5]	LI Bowen,WANG Ruoheng,LI Li,XIAO Yang. Adsorption of Toluene by Alkali Activated Porous Carbons and Activation/Adsorption Mechanism ^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(2): 284.
[6]	LI Ze, WANG Jianjiang, GAO Haitao, ZHAO Fang. Fabrication and Microwave Absorption Mechanism of PCIP/CoFe₂O₄/PANI Composites [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2019, 40(8): 1784.
[7]	GUAN Yibiao,LI Wanlong,XIE Xiaoyi,QU Wei,SHEN Jinran,FU Kai,GUO Cuijing,ZHOU Shuqin,FAN Hongjia,CHU Yongjin,CHEN Renjie. Preparation of TiO₂/CNTs Composite Coated Separator and Its Application in Li-S Battery^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2019, 40(3): 536.
[8]	WEI Junyi, GAO Zhihua, HUANG Wei, AI Peipei, YAN Feifei, YOU Xiangxuan. Effect of Structural Ordering on the Performance of Mesoporous Carbon Supported CuCoCe Catalyst in the Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from Syngas^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2018, 39(8): 1741.
[9]	WANG Xiuli, HE Xingquan. Electrocatalytic Performance of Fe₉S₁₀ Nanoparticles Loaded Nitrogen and Sulphur Codoped Porous Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2018, 39(7): 1524.
[10]	CHENG Yanyan, SUI Guanghui, CHEN Zhimin, LIU Huan, DUAN Yajun, WANG Xiaofeng, YANG Xiaomin, WANG Zichen. Highly Efficient Utilization of Rice Husk Char to Prepare Carbon Adsorbent and Calcium Silicate^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2018, 39(6): 1132.
[11]	ZHANG Baohai, LUO Min, YANG Shun, FU Rongrong, MA Jinfu. Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Hierarchically Porous Carbon Microspheres Derived from Metal Phenolic Precursor^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2018, 39(2): 310.
[12]	GAO Ye, PANG Liyun, CAO Liyuan, WANG Wei, GUO Yupeng, ZHAO Chun. Application in Electric Double Layer Capacitor of Porous Carbon Derived from Potassium Carbonate Activated Molasses^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2017, 38(3): 341.
[13]	HAN Xue, ZOU Bo, GU Xiaoxue, PANG Liyun, CAO Liyuan, LIU Qi, GUO Yupeng. Preparation and Application of Molasses-based Porous Carbon Spheres for Supercapacitor Electrodes^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2016, 37(6): 1135.
[14]	SUO Lulu, LI Shengjuan, LI Yingtao, ZHANG Li, ZHANG Xi. Kinetic Studies of All-carbon Porous Structure on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2016, 37(11): 2043.
[15]	WANG Huichun, WANG Fachun, LI Baolin. Preparation of Cyclodextrin-based Mesoporous Carbon and Its Catalytic Performance^† [J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2016, 37(11): 2076.