Preparation of High Oxygen Porous Carbon from Walnut Peel and Its Adsorption Properties for Ni2+

doi:10.7503/cjcu20200449

Abstract

Abstract:

The hierarchical biomass carbon（HBC_x） was obtained from walnut green peel，which was first prepared by hydrothermal method， and then activated at different temperatures. The as-made HBC_xwas characterized by SEM， FTIR， BET and XPS， and its application for adsorption of high or low concentration Ni²⁺ originated from batteries waste water was investigated. The SEM and BET results show that a large number of macropores（about 2 μm） are uniformly distributed on HBC_x. HBC_x has a hierarchical porous structure. When the activation temperature is 800 ℃， the specific surface area of the obtained HBC₈₀₀ is 94 m²/g with the average pore diameter of 4.07 nm. The results of FTIR and XPS show that the surface of carbon materials is rich in oxygen and nitrogen-containing functional groups， and the oxygen content is as high as 21.24%（molar fraction）， which can be ion exchanged or co-precipitated with Ni²⁺. These groups are beneficial to the adsorption process. The prepared porous carbon has a removal rate of close to 100% for low-concentration Ni²⁺ in the waste liquid， showing excellent adsorption performance.The Langmuir model fits well with the adsorption isotherm of Ni²⁺ on HBC_x， which demonstrated the adsorption is monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni²⁺ on HBC₈₀₀ is up to 127.39 mg/g. The quasi-second-order kinetic model can describe the adsorption process better. The adsorption rate is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption. Fixed-bed adsorption result shows that the HBC_x is a promising material which can be used in industry widely.

Key words: Walnut green peel, Porous carbon, High oxygen content, Ni²⁺, Chemical adsorption

CLC Number:

O647.3

YU Jianxing, YU Moxin, KUAI Le, ZHU Bowen. Preparation of High Oxygen Porous Carbon from Walnut Peel and Its Adsorption Properties for Ni²⁺[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(11): 2464-2472.

Figures/Tables 13

References 36

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Sample	D_av/nm	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	S_mic/(m²·g^-1)	V_t/(cm³·g^-1)	V_b/(cm³·g^-1)	V_mic/(cm³·g^-1)	Non?V_mic/V_t
HBC₇₀₀	6.66	70.44	44.66	0.1173	0.0738	0.0323	0.562
HBC₇₅₀	4.68	75.12	52.02	0.0878	0.0712	0.0347	0.513
HBC₈₀₀	4.07	94.39	78.03	0.0906	0.0710	0.0446	0.372

Sample	D_av/nm	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	S_mic/(m²·g^-1)	V_t/(cm³·g^-1)	V_b/(cm³·g^-1)	V_mic/(cm³·g^-1)	Non?V_mic/V_t
HBC₇₀₀	6.66	70.44	44.66	0.1173	0.0738	0.0323	0.562
HBC₇₅₀	4.68	75.12	52.02	0.0878	0.0712	0.0347	0.513
HBC₈₀₀	4.07	94.39	78.03	0.0906	0.0710	0.0446	0.372

Sample	Content(%)
Sample	C₁_s	O₁_s	N₁_s	Ni₂_p	—OH	C=O	C—O
HBC₇₀₀	80.93	15.36	3.71	—	22.70	68.08	9.22
HBC₇₅₀	77.83	19.33	2.84	—	23.65	60.85	15.05
HBC₈₀₀	74.98	21.24	3.77	—	26.40	40.60	33.00
HBC₈₀₀?Ni²⁺	57.92	30.10	2.75	9.23	23.95	38.92	37.13

Sample	Content(%)
Sample	C₁_s	O₁_s	N₁_s	Ni₂_p	—OH	C=O	C—O
HBC₇₀₀	80.93	15.36	3.71	—	22.70	68.08	9.22
HBC₇₅₀	77.83	19.33	2.84	—	23.65	60.85	15.05
HBC₈₀₀	74.98	21.24	3.77	—	26.40	40.60	33.00
HBC₈₀₀?Ni²⁺	57.92	30.10	2.75	9.23	23.95	38.92	37.13

Sample	Langmuir			Freundlich
Sample	q_m	K_L/(L·mg^-1)	R²	1/n	K_F	R²
HBC₇₀₀	99.01	0.1235	0.9976	0.0728	63.48	0.9216
HBC₇₅₀	111.23	0.0897	0.9956	0.0816	66.10	0.9347
HBC₈₀₀	127.39	0.0865	0.9960	0.0948	70.06	0.9542

Preparation of High Oxygen Porous Carbon from Walnut Peel and Its Adsorption Properties for Ni²⁺

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Sample	Pseudo?first?order			Pseudo?second?order
Sample	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	k₁/min^-1	R²	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	k₂/(g·mg^-1·min^-1)	R²
HBC₇₀₀	31.74	0.0026	0.7068	86.06	0.0005	0.9990
HBC₇₅₀	35.16	0.0025	0.7373	91.41	0.0004	0.9988
HBC₈₀₀	38.13	0.0024	0.6887	99.30	0.0004	0.9985

Adsorbent	pH	Q_e/(mg·g^-1)	Ref.	Adsorbent	pH	Q_e/(mg·g^-1)	Ref.
SBA?15?NN	5	32.67	[32]	RHAC(modified by HNO₃)	6	17.23	[34]
SBA	5	17.73	[32]	Coffee husk based activated carbon	9	1.97	[35]
MACCS	6	108.70	[33]	HNO₃modify coffee husk based activated carbon	9	21.14	[35]
Commercial activated carbon	6	35.39	[9]	PAC	6	68.10	[11]
Pristine N?CNTs	6	25.80	[10]	Carbonaceous sorbent	6	17.00	[36]
Oxidized N?CNTs	6	29.20	[10]	HBC₈₀₀	6	127.39	This study

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