Adsorption of Toluene by Alkali Activated Porous Carbons and Activation/Adsorption Mechanism †

doi:10.7503/cjcu20190496

Abstract

Abstract:

The removal of aromatic compounds have attracted more and more attentions recently due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. Accordingly, the applications of paraffin liquid on industries, cosmetics, drugs and food are limited for its high aromatic compounds content. A novel adsorbent was conveniently prepared by chemical activation of pre-carbonation sodium lignin sulfonate(SLS), namely, SLS based porous carbon with NaOH activation(SPCN). For the first time we reported that SPCN as adsorbent removed the aromatic compounds from paraffin liquid, in which we took toluene as an example. In this study, the effect of alkali dosage in the range of 0∶1 to 4∶1(the mass ratio of NaOH to carbon) was investigated. The results showed the specific surface area(SSA) and porous structure could be tuned by adjusting the mass ratio of NaOH to carbon, which suggested the tendency of increasing first and then decreasing. The optimum mass ratio of NaOH to carbon was proved to be 1∶1 and SPCN-1 had a large SSA of 710.4 m ²/g compared to 316.2 m ²/g of 0∶1 and 518.3 m ²/g of 4∶1. Adsorption capacity was proportional to specific surface area and was calculated as 1684.74, 2875.17 and 1729.64 mg/g corresponding to 0∶1, 1∶1 and 4∶1, respectively. SPCN-1 not only had a better adsorption capacity than several commercial adsorbents but also maintained 92.5% adsorption efficiency after five adsorption and desorption cycles. In addition, the activation and adsorption mechanism were deeply discussed. Overall, we proposed a facile and cheap method to remove the toluene from paraffin liquid with high cyclic stability and low pollution firstly, which provided a promising strategy for industrialization.

Key words: Porous carbon, Paraffin liquid, Toluene adsorption, Activation mechanism, Adsorption mechanism

CLC Number:

TrendMD:

LI Bowen,WANG Ruoheng,LI Li,XIAO Yang. Adsorption of Toluene by Alkali Activated Porous Carbons and Activation/Adsorption Mechanism ^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(2): 284.

Figures/Tables 10

Scheme 1 Structure of sodium lignosulfonate

Fig.1 Activation mechanism of NaOH on porous carbon

Fig.2 SEM images of SPCN-0(A, B), SPCN-1(C, D), SPCN-4(E, F) and TEM images of SPCN-4(G) and SPCN-1(H)

Fig.3 XRD patterns(A), Raman(B) and FTIR spectra(C) of SPCN-0(a), SPCN-1(b), SPCN-2(c), SPCN-3(d) and SPCN-4(e)

Fig.4 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms(A) and pore size distributions(B) of SPCN-0, SPCN-1, SPCN-2, SPCN-3 and SPCN-4

Sample	$S a BET$ /(m²·g^-1)	$V b t$ /(cm³·g^-1)	$V c micro$ /(cm³·g^-1)	Microporosity(%)	$D d a$ /nm
SPCN-0	316.17	0.273	0.127	46.52	3.453
SPCN-1	710.44	0.564	0.256	45.39	3.175
SPCN-2	664.70	0.536	0.225	41.92	3.635
SPCN-3	625.23	0.438	0.193	44.09	3.854
SPCN-4	518.29	0.442	0.208	47.06	3.412

Sample	$S a BET$ /(m²·g^-1)	$V b t$ /(cm³·g^-1)	$V c micro$ /(cm³·g^-1)	Microporosity(%)	$D d a$ /nm
SPCN-0	316.17	0.273	0.127	46.52	3.453
SPCN-1	710.44	0.564	0.256	45.39	3.175
SPCN-2	664.70	0.536	0.225	41.92	3.635
SPCN-3	625.23	0.438	0.193	44.09	3.854
SPCN-4	518.29	0.442	0.208	47.06	3.412

Fig.5 Toluene adsorption capacity of samples and adsorption capacity of SPCN-1 compared to silica gel, 10X molecular sieve and activated carbon particles (A) a. SPCN-0; b. SPCN-1; c. SPCN-2; d. SPCN-3; e. SPCN-4. (B) a. Molecular sieve; b. silica gel; c. activated carbon; d. SPCN-1.

Fig.6 Regenerative experiment of SPCN-1 on toluene adsorption from paraffin liquid

Fig.7 Adsorption process of SPCN on toluene from paraffin liquid

Fig.8 Parallel-displaced(A), T-shaped(B) and sandwich configurations of aromatic ring(C)

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