高等学校化学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 349.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20200659
收稿日期:
2020-09-07
出版日期:
2021-02-10
发布日期:
2020-12-28
通讯作者:
杨柏
E-mail:byangchem@jlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
SUN Haizhu1,2, YANG Guoduo2, YANG Bai1()
Received:
2020-09-07
Online:
2021-02-10
Published:
2020-12-28
Contact:
YANG Bai
E-mail:byangchem@jlu.edu.cn
摘要:
碳点是一类环境友好且性能独特的纳米粒子, 在光电转换、 生物医学、 催化及储能等领域的研究日益活跃. 碳点主要分为碳量子点(CQDs)、 石墨烯量子点(GQDs)和碳化聚合物点(CPDs), 其中CPDs作为一种新型碳点, 具有合成原料广泛、 碳化程度及共轭结构可调且材料相容性好等优点. 本文综合评述了近年来碳点尤其是CPDs的合成方法; 阐述了通过选择前驱体分子、 控制反应条件及掺杂原子等手段实现对其碳化和共轭程度、 晶格和能级结构的调控, 从而建立碳点及其杂化与复合材料微纳结构与性能之间的关系; 最后, 介绍了碳点在生物标记与成像、 光(电)催化、 光电转换及储能等领域的应用, 并对碳点领域的发展前景进行了展望.
中图分类号:
TrendMD:
孙海珠, 杨国夺, 杨柏. 碳点的设计合成、 结构调控及应用. 高等学校化学学报, 2021, 42(2): 349.
SUN Haizhu, YANG Guoduo, YANG Bai. Synthesis, Structure Control and Applications of Carbon Dots. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2021, 42(2): 349.
Fig.3 Representation of the covalent?bond, supramolecular?interaction, or/and rigidity?aggregated crosslink?enhanced emission(CEE) effect in non?conjugated polymer dots or polymers[17]Copyright 2015, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the nucleation and reaction process in aqueous addition and polymerization method[12]Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CPDs* | Morphology | PL peak/nm | PLQY |
---|---|---|---|
CPDs100 | Annular polymer dots | 489 | 6.6% |
CPDs200 | Amorphous spherical dots | 437 | 46.7% |
CPDs300 | Graphilic carbongenic dots | 434 | 89.6% |
Table 1 Effect of different reaction temperautures on the properties of CPDs
CPDs* | Morphology | PL peak/nm | PLQY |
---|---|---|---|
CPDs100 | Annular polymer dots | 489 | 6.6% |
CPDs200 | Amorphous spherical dots | 437 | 46.7% |
CPDs300 | Graphilic carbongenic dots | 434 | 89.6% |
Fig.5 High?resolution XPS of N1s(A—C) and Raman spectra(D) of CPDs, field?dependent magnetization(M?H curve) at 5 K(red line) and 300 K(black line) for CPDs300(E) and scheme showing different bonding configurations of nitrogen in N?doped graphene(F)[23](A) CPDs100; (B) CPDs200; (C) CPDs300; (E) the inset is the magnified view of the low?field region.Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig.7 Characterizations of carbonized polymerized dots[13](A) Corresponding photographs at different delay time after UV irradiation; (B) RTP decay spectra; (C) UV?Vis absorption spectra; (D) FTIR spectra; (E) XPS survey spectra. Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig.8 Composition, hybrid and properties of carbon dots[44](A) Schematic illustration of the preparation of N?C@Co NPs electrocatalysts[20]; (B) cross?sectional SEM image of the MAPbI3 solar cell; (C) current density versus voltage of the MAPbI3 solar cells with and without CDs; (D) incident photon?to?current efficiency(IPCE) spectra of MAPbI3 solar cells with(blue symbols) and without(black symbols) the CDs layer.(A) Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society; (B—D) Copyright 2020, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig.9 Bio?imaging applications of CPDs with NIR emissions[8](A) Scheme of the prepraration CPDs; (B—D) TEM, HRTEM and fast Fourier transform image of CPDs, respectively. Copyright 2017, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig.10 Preparation and polymer charaterizaions of CPDs with deep?red emission[50](A) Synthetic route; (B) DSC curves; (C) In vivo imaging of supine nude mice with intravenous injection of CPDs; (D) two?photon bioimaging of CPDs; (E) viscosity analysis.Copyright 2020, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig.12 Application of CPDs in electrocatalyst[53](A) Schematic illustration of the synthesis and structure of the RuCo@CD catalyst; (B—E) theory simulations on the properties.Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig.15 Photocatalysis properties of carbon dots?based materials[21](A) UV?Vis DRS and digital photographs(insets) of CCNS and CNB; (B) Tauc plots of transformed Kubelka?Munk function versus photon energy for the calculation of bandgap; (C, D) Mott?Schottky plots with various frequencies of CCNS(C) and CNB(D); (E) VB?XPS spectra; (F) schematic illustration of band structure alignments.Copyright 2020, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig.16 Efficiency optimization and performance comparison of CA?PASA CPDs with other electron?transfer materials[58](A) Rate of H2 evolution on Pt/MAPbI3/CA?PASA CPDs with different CPD contents; (B) solar?to?hydrogen(STH) conversion efficiencies of previous MHP photocatalysts; (C) rate of H2 evolution on MAPbI3/TiO2?Pt, MAPbI3/graphene, MAPbI3/BP, MAPbI3/Ni3C, and their CA?PASA CPD?hybrid systems.Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig.19 Photographs of graphic security and information encryption made from PCDs, commercial highlighters and reported CDs[13]Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig.20 Electrochemical performance of carbon dots?based materials used in Li?S batteries[64](A, B) The electrochemical impedance spectra of the PEI?CDots@AB/S cathode(A) and the AB/S cathode(B) at different discharge depth; (C) illustration of the promoted Li+ transfer at the cathode/electrolyte interface by the PEI?CDots; (D, E) CV curves of the PEI?CDots@AB/S cathode(D) and the AB/S cathode(E) recorded at the scan rate from 0.1 to 1.1 mV/s between 1.5 and 3 V; (F) Li+ diffusion coefficients comparison between the PEI?CDots@AB/S and AB/S cathodes.Copyright 2019, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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