高等学校化学学报

高等学校化学学报

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

新型人参多糖的发现：发酵产物的结构表征、体外发酵特性及其通过Nrf2/HO-1途径对A β诱导的PC12细胞的抗氧化机制

董彬彬1,2, 后宗1, 郑重1, 邢俊鹏1, 刘志强1, 2, 刘舒1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 电分析化学国家重点实验室&吉林省中药化学与质谱重点实验室 2. 中国科学技术大学应用化学与工程学院

  • 收稿日期:2025-10-27 修回日期:2025-11-21 网络首发:2025-11-24 发布日期:2025-11-24
  • 通讯作者: 刘志强 E-mail:liuzq@ciac.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项（2023YFC3504000）、吉林省科技发展计划项目(No. 20240404043ZP)和长春市“市院科技创新合作专项(23SH14)资助

Discovery of a novel ginseng polysaccharide: structure characterization, in vitro fermentability and anti-oxidative mechanism of fermented product via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway on Aβ-induced-PC12 cells

DONG Binbin1,2,HOU Zong1, ZHENG Zhong1, Xing Junpeng1, LIU Zhiqiang1,2, LIU Shu1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2. School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China

  • Received:2025-10-27 Revised:2025-11-21 Online First:2025-11-24 Published:2025-11-24
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization Project (2023YFC3504000), the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province (No. 20240404043ZP) and the Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project of Changchun Science and Technology Bureau and Chinese Academy of Sciences (23SH14)

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摘要： 人参多糖作为一种天然的高分子碳水化合物，因其潜在的生物活性而受到广泛关注。然而，由于宿主自身缺乏代谢多糖的酶，限制了其生物活性的利用效率。本研究从人参中分离出一种新型多糖GPA-G2-H，并对其结构特性、体外酵解特性以及发酵产物FGPA-G2-H对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞的抗氧化机制进行了系统研究。通过ζ电位分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）、X射线衍射（XRD）、气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和核磁共振（NMR）等多种分析技术对其结构进行了全面表征。结果表明，GPA-G2-H的主链主要由(1→4)-α-D-Glcp构成，且支链主要连接于主链的O-3位。体外实验结果表明，GPA-G2-H能够被肠道菌群降解，这一过程伴随着总糖含量和pH值的降低，以及短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）含量的增加。此外，GPA-G2-H显著促进了Lactobacillus，Muribaculaceae和Weissella的增殖，对肠道菌群的群落组成产生了积极影响。进一步研究发现，GPA-G2-H的发酵产物FGPA-G2-H能够激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路，显著增强HO-1、NQO1、SOD和GSH-Px的活性，同时抑制Keap1、MDA和LDH的表达，从而有效缓解Aβ诱导的PC12细胞氧化应激损伤。这些发现为人参多糖作为功能性食品和抗氧化药物的进一步开发奠定了坚实的理论基础。

关键词: 人参多糖, 结构表征, 肠道菌群, 发酵性, 氧化应激

Abstract: Polysaccharides from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer have attracted much attention for their potential health benefits. However, due to the lack of enzymes for metabolizing polysaccharides in the host, their activity utilization is insufficient. In this study, a novel polysaccharide GPA-G2-H was derived from ginseng. Furthermore, the coherent study of its structural characteristics, fermented characteristics in vitro, as well as antioxidant mechanism of fermented product FGPA-G2-H on Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells were explored. The structure of GPA-G2-H was determined by zeta potential analysis, FT-IR, HPLC, XRD, GC–MS, and NMR. The backbone of GPA-G2-H was mainly composed of (1→4)-α-D-Glcp with branches substituted at O-3. Notably, GPA-G2-H was degraded by intestinal microbiota in vitro with total sugar content and pH value decreasing, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increasing. Moreover, GPA-G2-H significantly promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae and Weissella, thereby making positive alterations in intestinal microbiota composition. Additionally, FGPA-G2-H activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, enhanced HO-1, NQO1, SOD and GSH-Px, while inhabited Keap1, MDA and LDH, which alleviated Aβ-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. These provide a solid theoretical basis for the further development of ginseng polysaccharides as functional food and antioxidant drugs.

Key words: Ginseng polysaccharide; structural characterization, intestinal microbiota, fermentability, oxidative stress

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