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Chem. J. Chinese Universities ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 20250331.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20250331

• Physical Chemistry • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Parameter Dependence and Reaction Control in the Hydrophilic Ruthenium/Triphenylphosphine-3,3′, 3″-trisulfonic Acid Trisodium Salt Complex-catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid

YUAN Ning1,2, YU Ruixin2, YANG Yanyan2, YANG Song1,3(), LIU Shoujun1, YU Zhongliang2,4()   

  1. 1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China
    2.College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences,Shangrao Normal University,Shangrao 334001,China
    3.Shanxi Engineering Center of Civil Clean Fuel,Taiyuan 030024,China
    4.Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Black Talc Functional Materials,Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education,Shangrao 334001,China
  • Received:2025-11-04 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2025-12-17
  • Contact: YANG Song, YU Zhongliang E-mail:yangsong@tyut.edu.cn;yzh2401@126.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22169017)

Abstract:

The water-soluble homogeneous catalyst of formic acid dehydrogenation exhibits high efficiency and rapid response. However, these catalysts are more sensitive to changes in reaction parameters. Here, we systematically investigate the influence of reaction parameters, including catalyst concentration, molar ratio of formic acid(FA) to sodium formate(SF) and type of formate cation on the performance of formic acid dehydrogenation, by employing a commercially promising water-soluble ruthenium/triphenylphosphine-3,3′, 3″-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt(Ru/m-TPPTS) catalyst. The results reveal that the activity of the Ru/m-TPPTS catalyst follows a volcano-type dependence on the FA concentration and FA/SF ratio. Its turnover frequency(TOF) reached 2291 h-1(five times that of the commercial catalyst Ru/m-TPPTS) under optimal conditions of 2.4 mol/L FA and an FA/SF ratio of 6/4. By altering the type of formate cation, it was found that solutions containing NH4+ exhibited lower hydrogen production rates compared to those containing Na+ or K+. This behavior is attributed to the ability of NH4+ to maintain the system at a lower pH value, suppressing the dehydrogenation reaction. Furthermore, the dehydrogenation rate did not increase linearly with catalyst concentration. A double-logarithmic fitting of gas production rate(r′) versus catalyst concentration yielded a slope of n=0.76, suggesting that the reaction is not governed by a single active species. Based on the high sensitivity of the catalyst to reaction conditions, the hydrogen release process was effectively regulated by alternately adding sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and FA in the water-soluble homogeneous catalytic system. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the reaction control and industrial application of water-soluble homogeneous catalysts.

Key words: Homogeneous catalysts, Formic acid, Formate, pH value, Reaction control

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