Chem. J. Chinese Universities ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 20230030.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20230030
• Polymer Chemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2023-01-24
Online:
2023-08-10
Published:
2023-04-25
Contact:
HAO Jianwei
E-mail:hjw@bit.edu.cn
Supported by:
CLC Number:
TrendMD:
WANG Fang, HAO Jianwei. Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of the Composite of Epoxy Resin with Ammonium Polyphosphate/Ceramic Precursor Modified Bamboo-based Porous Carbon as Synergistic Flame Retardant[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2023, 44(8): 20230030.
Sample | Atomic fraction(%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | N | O | B | Si | |
PCM | 71.89 | — | 27.85 | 0 | 0.26 |
M5PCM | 84.89 | 0.22 | 12.96 | 1.24 | 0.69 |
M6PCM | 75.96 | — | 19.53 | 2.27 | 2.24 |
M7PCM | 79.75 | — | 17.18 | 1.67 | 1.40 |
Table 1 XPS data of surface element composition of PCM and MPCM
Sample | Atomic fraction(%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | N | O | B | Si | |
PCM | 71.89 | — | 27.85 | 0 | 0.26 |
M5PCM | 84.89 | 0.22 | 12.96 | 1.24 | 0.69 |
M6PCM | 75.96 | — | 19.53 | 2.27 | 2.24 |
M7PCM | 79.75 | — | 17.18 | 1.67 | 1.40 |
Sample | w(APP)(%) | w(PCM)(%) | w(MPCM)(%) | LOI(%) | UL 94 vertical burning test(3.2 mm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t1a /s | t2a /s | Dripping | Rate | |||||
EP | — | — | — | 24.6 | BC b | BC b | Yes | NR c |
EP/APP/PCM | 6.2 | 1.6 | — | 29.9 | 3 | 3 | No | V⁃0 |
EP/APP/M5PCM | 6.2 | — | 1.6 | 30.6 | 2 | 3 | No | V⁃0 |
EP/APP/M6PCM | 6.2 | — | 1.6 | 31.1 | 1 | 2 | No | V⁃0 |
EP/APP/M7PCM | 6.2 | — | 1.6 | 30.8 | 2 | 3 | No | V⁃0 |
Table 2 Data of LOI and UL 94 vertical burning test for EP and EP composites
Sample | w(APP)(%) | w(PCM)(%) | w(MPCM)(%) | LOI(%) | UL 94 vertical burning test(3.2 mm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t1a /s | t2a /s | Dripping | Rate | |||||
EP | — | — | — | 24.6 | BC b | BC b | Yes | NR c |
EP/APP/PCM | 6.2 | 1.6 | — | 29.9 | 3 | 3 | No | V⁃0 |
EP/APP/M5PCM | 6.2 | — | 1.6 | 30.6 | 2 | 3 | No | V⁃0 |
EP/APP/M6PCM | 6.2 | — | 1.6 | 31.1 | 1 | 2 | No | V⁃0 |
EP/APP/M7PCM | 6.2 | — | 1.6 | 30.8 | 2 | 3 | No | V⁃0 |
Flame retardant+Synergist | LOI(%) | HRR/(kW∙m-2) | THR/(MJ∙m-2) | Tg/℃ | E' a /MPa | Cost b /(¥∙kg-1) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C60 | 30.0 | 568 | 86.5 | 197 | 2186(25) | 1998000 | [ |
Graphite/DOPO | 31.3 | 370 | — | 148 | 1243(40) | 621500 | [ |
Graphite oxide | 28.8 | 1053 | 69.3 | 174 | 1930(50) | 370000 | [ |
PER/CB | 26.2 | 436 | 86.9 | — | — | 1670 | [ |
DOPO | 33.5 | 510 | 38.8 | 158 | 1800 | 2260 | [ |
Vanillin/DOPO | 30.5 | 805 | 72.0 | 170 | 1700 | 3007 | [ |
Lignin/DOPO | 35.2 | 287 | 64.1 | 91 | 1700 | 2620 | [ |
DDM/DOPO | 27.5 | 595 | 67.6 | — | — | 30000 | [ |
HCTP/Vanillin/TA | 31.5 | 591 | 72.7 | 139 | 1964 | 3000 | [ |
HNT/HCCP/FeCl3⋅6H2O | 30.8 | 332 | 84.1 | 149 | 2422 | 3843 | [ |
APP/M6PCM | 31.1 | 549 | 31.0 | 136 | 3319 | 200 | This work |
Table 3 Performance comparison of flame retardant epoxy resin composites
Flame retardant+Synergist | LOI(%) | HRR/(kW∙m-2) | THR/(MJ∙m-2) | Tg/℃ | E' a /MPa | Cost b /(¥∙kg-1) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C60 | 30.0 | 568 | 86.5 | 197 | 2186(25) | 1998000 | [ |
Graphite/DOPO | 31.3 | 370 | — | 148 | 1243(40) | 621500 | [ |
Graphite oxide | 28.8 | 1053 | 69.3 | 174 | 1930(50) | 370000 | [ |
PER/CB | 26.2 | 436 | 86.9 | — | — | 1670 | [ |
DOPO | 33.5 | 510 | 38.8 | 158 | 1800 | 2260 | [ |
Vanillin/DOPO | 30.5 | 805 | 72.0 | 170 | 1700 | 3007 | [ |
Lignin/DOPO | 35.2 | 287 | 64.1 | 91 | 1700 | 2620 | [ |
DDM/DOPO | 27.5 | 595 | 67.6 | — | — | 30000 | [ |
HCTP/Vanillin/TA | 31.5 | 591 | 72.7 | 139 | 1964 | 3000 | [ |
HNT/HCCP/FeCl3⋅6H2O | 30.8 | 332 | 84.1 | 149 | 2422 | 3843 | [ |
APP/M6PCM | 31.1 | 549 | 31.0 | 136 | 3319 | 200 | This work |
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