Effect of Metal Oxide Supported on Active Carbon on Vulcanization, Combustion and Thermal Ageing Properties of Flame Retardant Rubber†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20150583

Abstract

Abstract:

With the excellent catalytic synergistic flame retardancy of metal oxide(MO) and its effect of improving the thermal ageing property as well as the porous and large specific surface area characteristic of bamboo based active carbon(AC), a series of metal oxide(Fe₂O₃, CuO, ZnO) supported on active carbon(AC-MO) synergist was prepared by solvent evaporation method. The vulcanization, combustion, thermostability, and thermal ageing properties for synergistic intumescent flame retardant ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer rubber(EVM) with AC-MO and ammonium polyphosphate/dipentaerythritol was studied. The results showed that AC-MO was the target product and MO dispersed well when supported on AC. AC and AC-MO had a uniform dispersion in the flame retardant EVM. The introduction of AC-MO improved the maximum torque, flame retardancy, and char residue, especially for AC-Fe₂O₃. A Fe₂O₃ supported on AC improved its catalytic charring effect, which improved the integrity and compactness of char residue of flame retardant EVM. As a result, the flame retardancy was improved. After thermal ageing test, the tensile strength of EVM/IFR/AC-MO increased while the elongation at break decreased.

Key words: Active carbon, Metal oxide, Percolation effect, Catalytic flame retardant, Rubber

CLC Number:

O631

TrendMD:

PENG Hui, ZHOU You, HAO Jianwei, LI Zhuoshi, ZOU Hongfei. Effect of Metal Oxide Supported on Active Carbon on Vulcanization, Combustion and Thermal Ageing Properties of Flame Retardant Rubber^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(12): 2569.

Figures/Tables 10

References 25

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Sample	LOI(%)	ΔLOI(%)	UL 94
Sample	LOI(%)	ΔLOI(%)	3.2 mm	1.6 mm
EVM	23.2	—	N. R.	N. R.
EVM/37IFR/3AC	33.6	10.4	V-0	V-0
EVM/37IFR/3AC-Fe₂O₃	34.1	10.9	V-0	V-0
EVM/37IFR/3AC-CuO	34.0	10.8	V-0	V-0
EVM/37IFR/3AC-ZnO	33.9	10.7	V-0	V-0

Sample	LOI(%)	ΔLOI(%)	UL 94
Sample	LOI(%)	ΔLOI(%)	3.2 mm	1.6 mm
EVM	23.2	—	N. R.	N. R.
EVM/37IFR/3AC	33.6	10.4	V-0	V-0
EVM/37IFR/3AC-Fe₂O₃	34.1	10.9	V-0	V-0
EVM/37IFR/3AC-CuO	34.0	10.8	V-0	V-0
EVM/37IFR/3AC-ZnO	33.9	10.7	V-0	V-0

Sample	TTI/s	PHRR / (kW·m^-2)	t_PHRR/s	THR/ (MJ·m^-2)	TSR/ (m²·m^-2)	av-CO/ (kg·kg^-1)	av-CO₂/ (kg·kg^-1)
EVM	45	1281.8	120	114.7	2108	0.092	1.82
EVM/40IFR	52	331.9	115	66.7	2059	0.084	1.85
EVM/37IFR/3AC	59	281.4	100	55.6	1940	0.078	1.77
EVM/37IFR/3AC-Fe₂O₃	56	255.7	215	50.8	1855	0.078	1.78
EVM/37IFR/3AC-CuO	57	253.7	160	57.8	1892	0.069	1.65
EVM/37IFR/3AC-ZnO	57	276.0	215	57.6	1867	0.071	1.55

Sample	TTI/s	PHRR / (kW·m^-2)	t_PHRR/s	THR/ (MJ·m^-2)	TSR/ (m²·m^-2)	av-CO/ (kg·kg^-1)	av-CO₂/ (kg·kg^-1)
EVM	45	1281.8	120	114.7	2108	0.092	1.82
EVM/40IFR	52	331.9	115	66.7	2059	0.084	1.85
EVM/37IFR/3AC	59	281.4	100	55.6	1940	0.078	1.77
EVM/37IFR/3AC-Fe₂O₃	56	255.7	215	50.8	1855	0.078	1.78
EVM/37IFR/3AC-CuO	57	253.7	160	57.8	1892	0.069	1.65
EVM/37IFR/3AC-ZnO	57	276.0	215	57.6	1867	0.071	1.55

Sample	T_5%/℃	[R_max/(%·min^-1)]/[T_max/℃]			CR(%)
Sample	T_5%/℃	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Expt.	Calcd.
EVM/37IFR/3AC	291	15.7/348	14.0/474	—	16.3(1.4^*)	13.7
EVM/37IFR/3AC-Fe₂O₃	286	14.0/348	13.1/471	—	21.9(8.1^*)	13.8
EVM/37IFR/3AC-CuO	282	14.5/348	13.6/471	—	20.0	—
EVM/37IFR/3AC-ZnO	293	15.2/353	13.9/474	—	19.0	—
EVM	311	19.6/343	19.6/469	—	1.6	—
IFR	250	3.5/252	4.4/332	9.2/519	26.9	—
AC	—	—	—	—	93.0	—
EVM/3AC	316	18.2/354	16.9/481	—	5.8(0.6^*)	5.2
EVM/0.6Fe₂O₃	307	17.6/349	18.8/473	—	3.9(1.7^*)	2.2
37IFR/3AC	247	4.2/252	3.7/353	7.4/507	35.3(3.4^*)	31.9
37IFR/0.6Fe₂O₃	246	3.9/254	3.9/335	5.2/561	34.5(6.6^*)	27.9