Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Riboflavin Based on Nanocomposite Film of Polydeoxyadenylic Acid/Reduced Graphene Oxide†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20150184

Abstract

Abstract:

A novel electrochemical sensor to detect riboflavin was constructed using 32-mer polydeoxyadenylic acid(A₃₂) as an effective adhesive for binding with the hydrazine hydrate-reduced graphene oxide(RGO) and the gold(Au) electrode. The fabrication process of the sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and its electrochemical behaviour was studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The experimental results showed that compared with the bare Au electrode and the A₃₂/Au electrode, the RGO/A₃₂/Au electrode displayed excellent electrochemical activity towards riboflavin, and the cathodic peak current increased linearly with the increasing concentration of riboflavin from 0.025 μmol/L to 2.75 μmol/L with a low detection limit of 15 nmol/L(S/N=3). The sensor possesses high sensitivity, strong anti-interference ability and good stability, and can be used for the analysis of riboflavin in human urine samples.

Key words: Reduced graphene oxide, Riboflavin, Polydeoxyadenylic acid, Electrochemical sensor

CLC Number:

O657

TrendMD:

ZHUANG Qianfen, WANG Yong, NI Yongnian. Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Riboflavin Based on Nanocomposite Film of Polydeoxyadenylic Acid/Reduced Graphene Oxide^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(9): 1674.

Figures/Tables 11

Scheme 1 Schematic representation of the fabrication procedure of the RGO/A32/Au electrode and its application for the detection of riboflavin

Fig.1 TEM image of RGO

Fig.2 XRD pattern of RGO

Fig.3 CV curves(A) and EIS responses(B) of different electrodes in 5.0 mmol/L [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4-(1∶1) solution containing 0.1 mol/L KCla. Bare Au electrode; b. A32/Au electrode; c. RGO/A32/Au electrode; d. rMoS2-graphene/A32/Au electrode.

Fig.4 CV(A) and DPV(B) curves of different electrodes in the N2-saturated electrochemistry buffer solution containing 2.0 μmol/L riboflavina. Bare Au electrode; b. A32/Au electrode; c. RGO/A32/Au electrode.

Fig.5 CVs curves of RGO/A32/Au electrode with different scan rates in the N2-saturated electrochemistry buffer solution containing 2.0 μmol/L riboflavin(A), and the linear relationship between the anodic peak current and the square root of scan rate(B)Scan rates from inner to outer curves/(V·s-1): 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2.

Fig.6 DPV curves of the RGO/ A32/Au electrode with different concentrations of riboflavin in the N2-saturated electrochemistry buffer solutionConcentrations of riboflavin from a to y/(μmol·L-1): 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0.

Fig.7 Plot of cathodic peak current for the RGO/ A32/Au electrode against riboflavin concentration in the N2-saturated electrochemistry buffer solutionInset: calibration curve of the electrode for riboflavin. The error bar on each datum point represents mean value plus or minus one standard deviation.

Table 1 Comparison of determination of riboflavin using various sensors

Method	Linear range/(μmol·L^-1)	LOD/(μmol·L^-1)	Reference
Electrochemistry	0.1—200	0.05	[30]
Electrochemistry	1.33—186.0	0.903	[31]
Electrochemistry	0.323—40	0.187	[32]
Electrochemistry	0.2—100	0.107	[33]
Electrochemistry	0.009—55.9	0.001	[34]
Electrochemistry	0.3—0.8	0.10	[35]
Electrochemistry	0.025—2.25	0.02	[26]
Fluorescence	0.58—20	0.18	[36]
Fluorescence	0—265.7	1.59	[6]
Electrochemistry	0.025—2.75	0.015	This work

Fig.8 Plot of cathodic peak current for the RGO/ A32/Au electrode against riboflavin(2.0 μmol/L) with and without other bioactive substance(100.0 μmol/L)a. Riboflavin; b. riboflavin+ascorbic acid; c. riboflavin+vitamin B6; d. riboflavin+nicotinamide; e. riboflavin+thiamine; f. riboflavin+glucose; g. riboflavin+lysine; h. riboflavin+folic acid; i. riboflavin+uric acid.

Table 2 Determination of riboflavin spiked in urine samples(n=3)

Sample	Added/(μmol·L^-1)	Found^a/(μmol·L^-1)	Mean recovery^b(%)
1	0.25	0.26±0.02	104
2	1.0	1.07±0.08	107
3	2.0	1.96±0.04	98

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