高等学校化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 20260142.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20260142
收稿日期:2026-04-05
出版日期:2026-09-10
发布日期:2026-05-20
通讯作者:
林鲲
E-mail:kunlin@ustb.edu.cn
基金资助:
CHEN Junjie, XU Hankun, LI Qiang, DENG Jinxia, LIN Kun(
)
Received:2026-04-05
Online:2026-09-10
Published:2026-05-20
Contact:
LIN Kun
E-mail:kunlin@ustb.edu.cn
Supported by:摘要:
非晶金属氧化物因其长程无序而短程有序的结构特征, 在磁性研究中展现出区别于晶态体系的独特物理行为. 本文综合评述了非晶金属氧化物的结构特点、 主要磁性类型及其物理机制, 并重点讨论了超顺磁、 自旋玻璃、 簇玻璃及随机交换磁态等典型磁行为的起源及其内在联系. 同时, 总结了熔融急冷、 溶胶-凝胶、 模板法及机械非晶化等主要制备方法, 分析了不同制备策略对材料结构与性能的影响, 旨在为理解非晶金属氧化物中结构无序与磁性之间的关系提供参考.
中图分类号:
TrendMD:
陈君杰, 许翰坤, 李强, 邓金侠, 林鲲. 磁性金属氧化物的新视角: 非晶化的挑战. 高等学校化学学报, 2026, 47(9): 20260142.
CHEN Junjie, XU Hankun, LI Qiang, DENG Jinxia, LIN Kun. New Perspective on Magnetic Metal Oxides: the Challenges of Amorphization. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2026, 47(9): 20260142.
Fig.2 Structures of TiO2 obtained from AIMD simulations[21](A) Liquid TiO2; (B) amorphous TiO2; (C) plot of Ti-O bond strength vs. bond length.Copyright 2018, ACS Publishing.
Fig.4 Schematic illustration of superparamagnetism classified by spins(A—C)[32], conventional spin glass(D) and cluster glass(E)[37](A) Isolated; (B) forming a dipole glass; (C)forming a chain with aligned dipole moments.(A—C) Copyright 2010, Beilstein-Institut; (D—E) Copyrigh 2020, IOP Publishing.
Fig.5 Schematic illustration of magnetism(A) and random exchange magnetism(B—D)[56](B) Speromagnetism; (C) asperomagnetism; (D) sperimagnetism.Copyright 2002, Springer.
| Method | Strategy | Advantage | Disadvantage | Applicable system |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melt⁃quenching | Subtraction | Mature technique | Requires high glass⁃forming ability and thermal stability | Bulk amorphous particles with strong glass⁃forming ability |
| Sol⁃gel | Addition | Low⁃temperature synthesis | Easy crystallization; precise heat⁃treatment control | Micron⁃ and nanoscale multicomponent amorphous powders |
| Template | Addition | Low⁃temperature synthesis, morphology control | Limited template selection; difficult to remove templates | Micron⁃/nanoscale and mesoporous amorphous powders |
Mechanical amorphization | Subtraction | Direct transformation from solid⁃state | Requires certain glass⁃forming ability | Nanoscale amorphous powders |
| Pressure⁃induced amorphization | Subtraction | Enables metastable structures under ambient conditions | Complex equipment; difficult for mass production | Systems exhibiting amorphization under high pressure |
Magnetron sputtering | Addition | High cooling rate, easy property tuning | Sensitive to processing parameters | Amorphous oxide thin films and composite multilayer films |
| Laser⁃induced ultrafast quenching | Subtraction | Extremely high cooling rate | Complex process; difficult for mass production | Nanoparticles difficult to amorphize |
Table 1 Comparison of synthesis methods for amorphous metal oxides
| Method | Strategy | Advantage | Disadvantage | Applicable system |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melt⁃quenching | Subtraction | Mature technique | Requires high glass⁃forming ability and thermal stability | Bulk amorphous particles with strong glass⁃forming ability |
| Sol⁃gel | Addition | Low⁃temperature synthesis | Easy crystallization; precise heat⁃treatment control | Micron⁃ and nanoscale multicomponent amorphous powders |
| Template | Addition | Low⁃temperature synthesis, morphology control | Limited template selection; difficult to remove templates | Micron⁃/nanoscale and mesoporous amorphous powders |
Mechanical amorphization | Subtraction | Direct transformation from solid⁃state | Requires certain glass⁃forming ability | Nanoscale amorphous powders |
| Pressure⁃induced amorphization | Subtraction | Enables metastable structures under ambient conditions | Complex equipment; difficult for mass production | Systems exhibiting amorphization under high pressure |
Magnetron sputtering | Addition | High cooling rate, easy property tuning | Sensitive to processing parameters | Amorphous oxide thin films and composite multilayer films |
| Laser⁃induced ultrafast quenching | Subtraction | Extremely high cooling rate | Complex process; difficult for mass production | Nanoparticles difficult to amorphize |
Fig.7 Magnetoelectric spintronics with amorphous FDTO thin films[112](A) HRTEM image of the interface between amorphous FDTO on crystalline BFO; (B) magnetic moment at room temperature; (C) schematic of GMR heterostructure used to study ME switching capabilities of FDTO; (D) GMR signal as a function of applied magnetic field at room temperature; (E) schematic of FDTO/BFO capacitor; (F) ferroelectric hysteresis loop of the capacitor; (G) fatigue test of the capacitor.Copyright(2020), Springer Nature.
Fig.8 Schematic illusion of the amorphization process of WO3 and the amorphous⁃induced room⁃temperature ferromagnetism[113]Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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