中空TiO2微球的制备及对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜性能的影响

doi:10.7503/cjcu20170258

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯微球作为模板, 钛酸四丁酯为钛源, 氨水为催化剂, 制备了中空TiO₂微球. 采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及比表面测定仪对其形貌和结构进行了表征, 并考察了模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量对中空TiO₂微球形貌的影响. 通过物理共混法将其引入至聚丙烯酸酯乳液中并成膜, 研究了复合薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能及力学性能. 结果表明, 锐钛矿相中空TiO₂微球模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量影响中空TiO₂微球的空心尺寸、壁厚及壳层致密性. 中空TiO₂微球可显著提升聚丙烯酸酯薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能和力学性能. 采用不同粒径的模板制备的中空TiO₂微球对复合薄膜的各项性能均有影响, 其中模板粒径为140 nm时复合薄膜性能最优, 光反射率提升63%, 导热系数降低27%, 且在波长小于360 nm范围内, 紫外透过率几乎为0, 抗张强度增加100%, 断裂伸长率提升62%.

关键词: 中空TiO2微球, 聚丙烯酸酯, 保温性能, 抗紫外性能, 力学性能

Abstract:

Hollow TiO₂ spheres were prepared using cationic polystyrene microspheres as templates, tetrabutyl titanate as titanium source and ammonia as catalyst. The morphology and structure were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The influence of template size, titanium source and catalyst dosage on the morphology of hollow TiO₂ spheres were studied. Then, the hollow TiO₂ spheres were introduced into polyacrylate emulsion by physical blending method. The thermal insulation, UV-shielding and mechanical performance of composite films were investigated. As a result, the anatase phase hollow TiO₂ spheres were obtained. The hollow size, thickness and compactness of the shell of hollow TiO₂ spheres were influenced by the template size, titanium source and catalyst dosage. Hollow TiO₂ spheres as filler can enhance the thermal insulation, UV-shielding and mechanical performance of polyacrylate film, significantly. At the same time, it was proved that the hollow TiO₂ spheres prepared with different size templates have effects on the performance of the composite films. In which, the properties of the composite film containing the hollow TiO₂ spheres prepared with template of 140 nm was optimal. The reflectivity was improved about 62.2%, the thermal conductivity was decreased by 17.71%, and the ultraviolet transmittance was almost zero under 390 nm wavelength.

Key words: Hollow TiO2 sphere, Polyacrylate, Thermal insulation property, Anti-ultraviolet property, Mechanical property

中图分类号:

O631
O614.41

TrendMD:

鲍艳, 高敏, 董雨菲, 康巧玲, 高智鹏, 吴国栋, 李妍. 中空TiO₂微球的制备及对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜性能的影响. 高等学校化学学报, 2017, 38(12): 2328.

BAO Yan, GAO Min, DONG Yufei, KANG Qiaoling, GAO Zhipeng, WU Guodong, LI Yan. Fabrication of Hollow TiO₂ Spheres and Effect on Properties of Polyacrylate Film^†. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2017, 38(12): 2328.

图/表 15

Scheme 1 Schematic of the preparation of hollow TiO2 microspheres via template-method

Fig.1 SEM images of PS(A), PS/TiO2(B) and hollow TiO2 spheres(C)

Fig.2 XRD pattern of hollow TiO2 spheres

Fig.3 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm(A) and BJH pore size distribution(B) of hollow TiO2 spheres

Fig.4 SEM images of hollow TiO2 spheres using PS microspheres with different particle sizes as templatesParticle size/nm: (A) 40; (B) 140; (C) 190; (D) 270; (E) 350.

Fig.5 SEM images of hollow TiO2 spheres with different contents of TBT Mass fraction of TBT(%): (A) 0.43; (B) 0.63; (C) 0.83; (D) 1.04; (E) 1.25.

Fig.6 SEM images of hollow TiO2 spheres with different contents of ammonium hydroxide Content of ammonium hydroxide/mmol: (A) 0; (B) 34; (C) 68; (D) 136; (E) 272.

Fig.7 TEM images of pure polyacrylate latex(A) and PA/hollow TiO2 spheres composite latex(B)

Fig.8 SEM images of polyacrylate film(A), polyacrylate/hollow TiO2 spheres composite film of high(B) and low magnification(C)

Fig.9 Light reflectivities of PS spheres, PS/TiO2 spheres and hollow TiO2 spheres(A) and their composite films(B)a. PS spheres; b. PS/TiO2 spheres; c. hollow TiO2 spheres; d. pure polyacrylate film.

Fig.10 Thermal conductivities of PS spheres, PS/TiO2 spheres, hollow TiO2 spheres(A) and their composite films(B)a. PS spheres; b. PS/TiO2 spheres; c. hollow TiO2 spheres; d. pure polyacrylate film.

Fig.11 Light transmittance(A) and mechanical properties(B) of composite films a. PS spheres; b. PS/TiO2 spheres; c. hollow TiO2 spheres; d. pure PA.

Fig.12 Light reflectivities of hollow TiO2 spheres using PS microspheres with different particle sizes as templates(A) and their composite films(B)a—e. hollow TiO2 spheres using PS microspheres of 40 nm, 140 nm, 190 nm, 270 nm, 350 nm as templates and their composite films, respectively; f. pure polyacrylate film.

Fig.13 Thermal conductivities of hollow TiO2 spheres using PS microspheres with different particle sizes as templates(A) and their composite films(B)a—e. Hollow TiO2 spheres using PS microspheres of 40, 140, 190, 270 and 350 nm as templates and their composite films, respectively; f. pure PA.

Fig.14 Light transmittance(A) and mechanical properties(B) of composite films containing hollow TiO2 spheres using PS microspheres with different particle sizes as templatesa—e. Composite films containing hollow TiO2 spheres using PS microspheres of 40, 140, 190, 270 and 350 nm as templates, respectively; f. pure PA.

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中空TiO₂微球的制备及对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜性能的影响

Fabrication of Hollow TiO₂ Spheres and Effect on Properties of Polyacrylate Film^†

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