高等学校化学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 20230241.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20230241
收稿日期:
2023-05-18
出版日期:
2023-10-10
发布日期:
2023-08-14
通讯作者:
杨柏
E-mail:byangchem@jlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
TAO Songyuan, XIA Chunlei, YANG Bai()
Received:
2023-05-18
Online:
2023-10-10
Published:
2023-08-14
Contact:
YANG Bai
E-mail:byangchem@jlu.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
作为环境友好、 性能优异的发光纳米材料, 碳点在光电器件、 生物诊疗及能源催化等前沿领域均表现出良好的应用潜力, 近年来备受关注. 由于原料和合成方法的巨大差异, 碳点通常具有复杂的光学性质. 以本课题组的前期研究工作为基础, 结合对粒子生长过程分析, 本文介绍了碳点的主要发光机理, 包括共轭π域的碳核态、 表面-边缘态、 类有机荧光团的分子态和交联增强发射效应, 综合评述了碳点领域关于粒子结构与发光起源的争议性问题, 并展望了未来的发展趋势.
中图分类号:
TrendMD:
陶淞源, 夏春雷, 杨柏. 碳点的结构与发光起源. 高等学校化学学报, 2023, 44(10): 20230241.
TAO Songyuan, XIA Chunlei, YANG Bai. Structure and Photoluminescence Origin of Carbon Dots. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2023, 44(10): 20230241.
Fig.2 Schematic of a possible growth mechanism(A), TEM images of the corresponding CDs(B)[32] and optical properties of CDs(C)[12](A, B) Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH; (C) Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.6 Absorption spectra(A) and normalized PL spectra(B) of PAHs dispersed in a PMMA matrix, normalized PL spectra of pyrene in PMMA films(C), scheme of the exciton self⁃trapping process(D)[36] and calculated UV⁃Vis absorption spectra(in the range of 200—600 nm) for the low⁃energy nitrogen⁃doped models(NP1, NP2, NP3, NP4) and nitrogen⁃free system P0 of the same size(E)[38](E) Carbon: green; hydrogen: white; oxygen: red; nitrogen: blue.(A—D) Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society; (E) Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.
Fig.7 Proposal for the chemical nature of free edge sites in sp2⁃hybridized carbons including armchair and zigzag edges[39]Copyright 2005, American Chemical Society.
Fig.10 A solvent⁃engineered strategy for synthesis of multicolor fluorescent CDs(A), normalized PL emission spectra(B), Raman spectra(C) and FTIR spectra(D) of multicolor fluorescent CDs[43]Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.11 Emission characteristics of the thermal treatment of CA and EA mixture(A)[50], the excitation⁃dependent PL for CD1—CD4(B)[6], the PL intensity(C) and PL lifetime(D) of CDs as a function of UV exposure time[51], the suggested product of CA and EDA at different temperatures(E) and the determined molecule structure of the fluorophore(F)[48](A) Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society; (B) Copyright 2013, Wiley-VCH; (C, D) Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry; (E, F) Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig.12 Schematic illustration of forming process and structure about CPDs(A)[53] and 13C NMR shift of five carbon sites in IPCA(B)[55](A) Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society; (B) Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.13 A schematic of the red emission CDs building⁃up process in the solvent⁃free method system of o⁃phenylenediamine and catechol[45]Copyright 2022, Springer Nature.
Fig.14 Schematic illustration of original CEE effect(A)[61] and updated CEE effect(B)[62](A) Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH; (B) Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.15 Synthetic route to linear and hyperbranched PAMAMs(A), the emission mechanism of PAMAMs(B)[64] and the synthetic route to PMV and structure of PMV, P1, P2(C)[65](A, B) Copyright 2015, Chinese Chemical Society; (C) Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.
Fig.16 Absorption and fluorescence spectra of crosslinking PDs(A), the temperature⁃dependent PL of PDs(B) and representation for the PL mechanism(CEE effect) of bare PEI and PDs1—PDs4(C)[60]Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig.17 Schematic structure of crosslinking sites(A)[18] and schematic illustration of the FL and RTP mechanisms for the F⁃CDs and P⁃CDs(B)[67](A) Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH; (B) Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.
Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the nucleation and reaction process(A)[68], “addition⁃condensation polymerization” strategy(B) and PL mechanism for CPDs exerting different degrees of confined⁃domain CEE effect(C)[69](A) Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH; (B, C) Copyright 2022, Springer Nature.
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