Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Porous Carbons Prepared from Binary Ionic Liquids †

doi:10.7503/cjcu20190703

Abstract

Abstract:

Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped porous carbons(PCs) were prepared with a protic ionic liquid 1-hydrogen-3-butylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate(HVImHSO₄) as precursor and 1-butyl-3-methylimi-dazolium hexafurophosphate(BMImPF₆) as assistant through one-step carbonization process at 1000 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere. The PCs were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results showed that the PCs mainly had micro pores and the specific surface area could be up to 1111 m²/g under m(BMImPF₆)/m(HVImHSO₄)=0.4. The amorphous and disordered graphitic layers were dominant in PCs. Nitrogen bonding state was mainly N-Q(N substituted groups of aromatic graphite structure), phosphorus was mainly in O—P type groups, and sulfur was attributed to C—S—C of thiophene-type sulfur. Meanwhile, the capacitance of PC-BMImPF₆-0.5 was 138 F/g at 0.5 A/g and 100 F/g at 10 A/g, the retention ratio was 95.8% after being cycled for 10000 times at 2 A/g in the electrolyte of 6 mol/L KOH. A simple and easy method for preparation of N, P and S co-doped PCs from ionic liquids has been provided, and the PCs have a certain extent application prospect in supercapacitor electrode materials.

Key words: Ionic liquid, One-step carbonization process, N, P, S co-doping, Specific capacitance, Retention ratio

CLC Number:

O646

TrendMD:

CHENG Shifu,HU Hao,CHEN Bihua,WU Haihong,GAO Guohua,HE Mingyuan. Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Porous Carbons Prepared from Binary Ionic Liquids ^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(5): 1048.

Figures/Tables 10

References 32

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Entry	Sample	Yield(%)	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	V_t/(cm³·g^-1)	Averagepore size/nm
1	PC-0	8.43	144	0.13	3.7
2	PC-BMImCl-0.3	8.83	3	0.02	33.7
3	PC-BMImBr-0.3	9.16	22	0.05	9.3
4	PC-BMImPF₆-0.3	13.24	452	0.24	2.2
5	PC-EMImBF₄-0.3	12.11	37	0.03	3.5
6	PC-BMImBF₄-0.3	11.27	151	0.11	2.9
7	PC-OMImBF₄-0.3	13.33	176	0.26	6.0
8	PC-BMImPF₆-0.1	13.42	126	0.09	2.7
9	PC-BMImPF₆-0.4	12.24	1111	0.55	2.0
10	PC-BMImPF₆-0.5	13.53	1018	0.52	2.1
11	PC-BMImPF₆-0.75	12.83	685	0.46	2.7

Entry	Sample	Yield(%)	S_BET/(m²·g^-1)	V_t/(cm³·g^-1)	Averagepore size/nm
1	PC-0	8.43	144	0.13	3.7
2	PC-BMImCl-0.3	8.83	3	0.02	33.7
3	PC-BMImBr-0.3	9.16	22	0.05	9.3
4	PC-BMImPF₆-0.3	13.24	452	0.24	2.2
5	PC-EMImBF₄-0.3	12.11	37	0.03	3.5
6	PC-BMImBF₄-0.3	11.27	151	0.11	2.9
7	PC-OMImBF₄-0.3	13.33	176	0.26	6.0
8	PC-BMImPF₆-0.1	13.42	126	0.09	2.7
9	PC-BMImPF₆-0.4	12.24	1111	0.55	2.0
10	PC-BMImPF₆-0.5	13.53	1018	0.52	2.1
11	PC-BMImPF₆-0.75	12.83	685	0.46	2.7

Sample	CHNS analysis(%)					XPS analysis(%)
Sample	C	H	N	S	Others^*	C	N	S	P	O
PC-0	81.81	0.20	3.81	4.03	10.15	83.74	1.55	2.09	0	12.62
PC-BMImPF₆-0.3	79.02	1.15	2.92	1.91	14.99	74.50	1.66	0.61	2.80	20.43
PC-BMImPF₆-0.4	75.76	1.27	3.08	1.98	17.92	72.22	2.26	0.17	4.81	20.04
PC-BMImPF₆-0.5	60.58	1.47	3.40	1.43	33.13	65.39	1.79	0.10	3.31	29.41

Sample	CHNS analysis(%)					XPS analysis(%)
Sample	C	H	N	S	Others^*	C	N	S	P	O
PC-0	81.81	0.20	3.81	4.03	10.15	83.74	1.55	2.09	0	12.62
PC-BMImPF₆-0.3	79.02	1.15	2.92	1.91	14.99	74.50	1.66	0.61	2.80	20.43
PC-BMImPF₆-0.4	75.76	1.27	3.08	1.98	17.92	72.22	2.26	0.17	4.81	20.04
PC-BMImPF₆-0.5	60.58	1.47	3.40	1.43	33.13	65.39	1.79	0.10	3.31	29.41