Preparation and Application of Molasses-based Porous Carbon Spheres for Supercapacitor Electrodes†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20150874

Abstract

Abstract:

Porous carbon spheres for supercapacitor electrodes employing beet molasses which was a new raw material instead of conventional carbonaceous materials as precursor were produced in different ways. Porous carbons were prepared at various condition variables. The morphology, physical structure and electrochemical properties of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), nitrogen physisorption and electrochemical method. The materials had surface area of 2547 m²/g and specific capacitance of 170.5 F/g, which showed large surface area and well electrical double-layer capacitor. In a word, the problem of the use of molasses on a large scale in sugar industry may be solved. Moreover, a new way of producing porous carbons will be provided.

Key words: Molasse, Porous carbon, Specific capacitance

CLC Number:

O646
O613.71

TrendMD:

HAN Xue, ZOU Bo, GU Xiaoxue, PANG Liyun, CAO Liyuan, LIU Qi, GUO Yupeng. Preparation and Application of Molasses-based Porous Carbon Spheres for Supercapacitor Electrodes^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2016, 37(6): 1135.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Preparation illustration of several porous carbonsa. Hydrothermal carbonization at 180 ℃ for 6 h in high-pressure autoclave; b. beet molasses dried in an oven; c. and g. heat treatment at 500 and 800 ℃ in a tube furnace in N2 atmosphere, respectively; d. hydrochar activated by KOH; e. and f. hydrochar and dried beet molasses were activated by 85% H3PO4 in a muffle furnace, respectively.

Table 1 Reaction conditions of different porous carbons

Sample	Reaction temperature/℃	m(Activator)/ m(carbon)	Time/h	Sample	Reaction temperature/℃	m(Activator)/ m(carbon)	Time/h
KC-1	800	3	1	PC-2	550	4	1
KC-2	800	5	1	PC'-1	600	4	0.5
PC-1	500	3	1	PC'-2	600	2	1

Fig.2 SEM images of molasses(A), hydrochar(B) and different porous carbons(C—H)(C) KC-1; (D) KC-2; (E) PC'-1; (F) PC'-2; (G) PC-1; (H) PC-2.

Fig.3 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms(A) and pore size distributions (B) of several porous carbons■ KC-1; ● KC-2; ▲ PC-1; ▼ PC-2; ◆ PC'-1; ? PC'-2.

Table 2 Textural property of commercial AC and different porous carbons prepared by several processes

Sample	BET surface area/(m²·g^-1)	Total pore volume/(cm³·g^-1)	Micropore volume/ (cm³·g^-1)	Micropore area/(m²·g^-1)	External surface area/(m²·g^-1)	Average pore diameter/nm
KC-1	2547	1.32	0.49	883	1664	2.07
KC-2	2478	1.80		715	3193	2.91
PC-1	340	0.14	0.08	166	173
PC-2	326	0.18	0.05	99	226	2.29
PC'-1	970	0.86	0.04	98	872	3.53
PC'-2	831	0.62	0.01	44	787	2.96
Commercial AC-1	1100	0.90	0.50

Fig.4 Cyclic voltammetry curves(A) and galvanostatic charging/discharging curves of KC-2(B)(A) a—e, ν/(mV·s-1): 10, 20, 30, 40, 50; (B) a—e, j/(mA·cm-2): 10, 20, 30, 40, 50.

Table 3 Specific capacitances of porous carbons in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte at different current densities

Sample	Specific capacitance/(F·g^-1)
Sample	50 mA/cm²	40 mA/cm²	30 mA/cm²	20 mA/cm²	10 mA/cm²
KC-2	100.0	116.5	134.6	150.0	170.5
PC-1	54.7	60.9	68.2	80.6	137.0
PC'-2	91.7	101.2	108.9	121.6	142.2
Commercial AC-2	86.3	91.5	95.6	103.5	118.8

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