Thermodynamic Functions of Nano Zinc Oxide Acquired by Microcalorimetry and Electrochemical Methods†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20140814

Abstract

Abstract:

Nano zinc oxide(ZnO) hierarchical structures with uniform size and morphology were prepared by microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal route. The thermodynamic functions at 298.15 K, such as standard molar enthalpy, standard molar Gibbs free energy, and standard molar entropy of the synthesized nano ZnO were obtained by employing microcalorimetry and electrochemical method, individually. Microcalorimety for acquiring thermodynamic functions of nanomaterial was mainly based on that nano reaction system and its corresponding bulk reaction system possess the same transition state, whereas electrochemical method for acquiring thermodynamic functions of nanomaterial was mainly based on the difference of electrode potential between nanomaterial and its corresponding bulk material. The results reveal that the thermodynamic functions obtained by microcalorimetry and electrochemical method are approximately equal in the range of allowable error. The results also proved that both of the two developed methods to obtain thermodynamic functions of nanomaterials are effective and scientific. Moreover, it further support that the nano ZnO reaction system and its correspon-ding bulk ZnO reaction system experience the same transition state.

Key words: Nano ZnO, Thermodynamic function, Transition state theory, Microcalorimetry, Electrochemical method

CLC Number:

TrendMD:

LIU Xiaolin, WANG Lude, HUANG Zaiyin, LIU Zuojiao, LI Xingxing. Thermodynamic Functions of Nano Zinc Oxide Acquired by Microcalorimetry and Electrochemical Methods^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(3): 539.

Figures/Tables 2

Fig.1 XRD pattern(A), FESEM(B,C) and TEM(D) images of the prepared nano ZnO

Table 1 Standard molar enthalpies and rate constants of the ZnO reaction systems

Reaction system	No.	m/mg	Q/mJ	Δ_r $H m 0 —$ /(kJ·mol^-1)	lnk
Nano ZnO	1	1.220	-1500.95	-100.13	-6.56
	2	1.221	-1505.32	-100.34	-6.58
	3	1.220	-1499.97	-100.07	-6.57
	4	1.220	-1502.16	-100.21	-6.56
	5	1.221	-1504.43	-100.28	-6.58
Average				-100.21	-6.57
Bulk ZnO	1	1.120	-832.08	-60.47	-8.57
	2	1.120	-829.20	-60.26	-8.56
	3	1.119	-832.24	-60.53	-8.58
	4	1.121	-831.71	-60.37	-8.56
	5	1.120	-830.02	-60.32	-8.55
Average				-60.39	-8.56

Table 1 Standard molar enthalpies and rate constants of the ZnO reaction systems

Reaction system	No.	m/mg	Q/mJ	Δ_r $H m 0 —$ /(kJ·mol^-1)	lnk
Nano ZnO	1	1.220	-1500.95	-100.13	-6.56
	2	1.221	-1505.32	-100.34	-6.58
	3	1.220	-1499.97	-100.07	-6.57
	4	1.220	-1502.16	-100.21	-6.56
	5	1.221	-1504.43	-100.28	-6.58
Average				-100.21	-6.57
Bulk ZnO	1	1.120	-832.08	-60.47	-8.57
	2	1.120	-829.20	-60.26	-8.56
	3	1.119	-832.24	-60.53	-8.58
	4	1.121	-831.71	-60.37	-8.56
	5	1.120	-830.02	-60.32	-8.55
Average				-60.39	-8.56

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