Chem. J. Chinese Universities ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 20230208.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20230208
• Physical Chemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHAO Chen, TAN Juan(), HAN Jingjing, LIU Rui, FENG Chunshuo, LIU Jing
Received:
2023-04-25
Online:
2023-11-10
Published:
2023-06-07
Contact:
TAN Juan
E-mail:tanjuan@dlut.edu.cn
CLC Number:
TrendMD:
ZHAO Chen, TAN Juan, HAN Jingjing, LIU Rui, FENG Chunshuo, LIU Jing. Morphology Controlled Synthesis of ZSM-22 Molecular Sieves and Their Catalytic Performance on Long-chain Bioalkane to Aviation Kerosene[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2023, 44(11): 20230208.
Sample | Additive/Solvent | Crystal phase | Relative crystallinity (%) | Morphology | Grain length/μm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B⁃1 | — | ZSM⁃22 | 84 | Shot rod | 0.23 |
B⁃2 | PDAC | ZSM⁃22 | 92 | Needle | 2.50 |
B⁃3 | SS | ZSM⁃22+Crs | 76 | Petal | 1.70 |
B⁃4 | EtOH | ZSM⁃22+Crs | 100 | Thick rod | 1.50 |
B⁃5 | AC | ZSM⁃22+Crs | 99 | Thick rod | 1.20 |
B⁃6 | t⁃BuOH | ZSM⁃22 | 95 | Bundle | 0.20 |
B⁃7 | GLY | ZSM⁃22 | 89 | Bundle | 0.30 |
Table 1 Synthesis condition and product analysis of ZSM-22 samples synthesized by adding different additives or solvents with DAH as template
Sample | Additive/Solvent | Crystal phase | Relative crystallinity (%) | Morphology | Grain length/μm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B⁃1 | — | ZSM⁃22 | 84 | Shot rod | 0.23 |
B⁃2 | PDAC | ZSM⁃22 | 92 | Needle | 2.50 |
B⁃3 | SS | ZSM⁃22+Crs | 76 | Petal | 1.70 |
B⁃4 | EtOH | ZSM⁃22+Crs | 100 | Thick rod | 1.50 |
B⁃5 | AC | ZSM⁃22+Crs | 99 | Thick rod | 1.20 |
B⁃6 | t⁃BuOH | ZSM⁃22 | 95 | Bundle | 0.20 |
B⁃7 | GLY | ZSM⁃22 | 89 | Bundle | 0.30 |
Sample | Template | n(TEMP)/n(SiO2) | Crystal phase | Relative crystallinity(%) | Morphology | Grain length/μm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C⁃1 | DAH | 0.3 | ZSM⁃22 | 84 | Short rod | 0.23 |
C⁃2 | DEOA | 0.3 | ZSM⁃22 | 23 | — | — |
C⁃3 | BA | 0.3 | ZSM⁃22 | 85 | Bundle | 0.40 |
C⁃4 | DEA | 1.0 | ZSM⁃22 | 93 | Ellipsoid | 0.12 |
D⁃1 | DEA+DAH | 0.15+0.15 | ZSM⁃22 | 84 | Bundle | 0.30 |
D⁃2 | DEA+DAH | 0.50+0.15 | ZSM⁃22 | 92 | Coarse bundle | 0.14 |
Table 2 Synthesis conditions and product analysis of ZSM-22 samples synthesized by using different template agents
Sample | Template | n(TEMP)/n(SiO2) | Crystal phase | Relative crystallinity(%) | Morphology | Grain length/μm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C⁃1 | DAH | 0.3 | ZSM⁃22 | 84 | Short rod | 0.23 |
C⁃2 | DEOA | 0.3 | ZSM⁃22 | 23 | — | — |
C⁃3 | BA | 0.3 | ZSM⁃22 | 85 | Bundle | 0.40 |
C⁃4 | DEA | 1.0 | ZSM⁃22 | 93 | Ellipsoid | 0.12 |
D⁃1 | DEA+DAH | 0.15+0.15 | ZSM⁃22 | 84 | Bundle | 0.30 |
D⁃2 | DEA+DAH | 0.50+0.15 | ZSM⁃22 | 92 | Coarse bundle | 0.14 |
Sample | Morphology | Stotala /(m2·g‒1) | Smicrob /(m2·g‒1) | Sextb /(m2·g‒1) | Vtotalc /(cm3·g‒1) | Vmicrob /(cm3·g‒1) | Vmesob /(cm3·g‒1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B⁃1 | Short rod | 259 | 215 | 44 | 0.39 | 0.08 | 0.31 |
B⁃2 | Needle | 252 | 230 | 22 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.33 |
B⁃3 | Petal | 261 | 223 | 38 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.27 |
C⁃4 | Ellipsoid | 289 | 259 | 36 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
D⁃2 | Coarse bundle | 268 | 232 | 14 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
Table 3 Textural properties of HZSM-22 catalysts
Sample | Morphology | Stotala /(m2·g‒1) | Smicrob /(m2·g‒1) | Sextb /(m2·g‒1) | Vtotalc /(cm3·g‒1) | Vmicrob /(cm3·g‒1) | Vmesob /(cm3·g‒1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B⁃1 | Short rod | 259 | 215 | 44 | 0.39 | 0.08 | 0.31 |
B⁃2 | Needle | 252 | 230 | 22 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.33 |
B⁃3 | Petal | 261 | 223 | 38 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.27 |
C⁃4 | Ellipsoid | 289 | 259 | 36 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
D⁃2 | Coarse bundle | 268 | 232 | 14 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
Sample | cL/(μmol·g‒1) | cB/(μmol·g‒1) | Fraction of B⁃acid site(%) * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
423 K | 623 K | 423 K | 623 K | ||
B⁃1 | 85 | 48 | 185 | 144 | 69 |
B⁃2 | 90 | 42 | 126 | 97 | 58 |
B⁃3 | 102 | 47 | 188 | 152 | 65 |
C⁃4 | 83 | 57 | 251 | 176 | 74 |
D⁃2 | 87 | 41 | 201 | 163 | 70 |
Table 4 Acid property of HZSM-22 catalysts
Sample | cL/(μmol·g‒1) | cB/(μmol·g‒1) | Fraction of B⁃acid site(%) * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
423 K | 623 K | 423 K | 623 K | ||
B⁃1 | 85 | 48 | 185 | 144 | 69 |
B⁃2 | 90 | 42 | 126 | 97 | 58 |
B⁃3 | 102 | 47 | 188 | 152 | 65 |
C⁃4 | 83 | 57 | 251 | 176 | 74 |
D⁃2 | 87 | 41 | 201 | 163 | 70 |
Sample | C(%) | Product content in liquid phase (%, mass fraction) | R | I | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C5—C8 | C9—C16 | i⁃C17 | Bio⁃jet fuel | ||||
B⁃1 | 80.42 | 34.16 | 31.72 | 4.17 | 35.89 | 0.9 | 1.6 |
B⁃2 | 73.97 | 26.06 | 31.67 | 2.67 | 34.34 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
B⁃3 | 46.99 | 8.12 | 26.19 | 1.46 | 27.65 | 3.4 | 0.7 |
C⁃4 | 94.19 | 54.78 | 32.03 | 1.96 | 33.99 | 0.6 | 2.0 |
D⁃2 | 81.62 | 43.12 | 31.01 | 2.51 | 33.52 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
Table 5 Hydrocracking/isomerization performance and product distribution over HZSM-22 catalysts
Sample | C(%) | Product content in liquid phase (%, mass fraction) | R | I | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C5—C8 | C9—C16 | i⁃C17 | Bio⁃jet fuel | ||||
B⁃1 | 80.42 | 34.16 | 31.72 | 4.17 | 35.89 | 0.9 | 1.6 |
B⁃2 | 73.97 | 26.06 | 31.67 | 2.67 | 34.34 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
B⁃3 | 46.99 | 8.12 | 26.19 | 1.46 | 27.65 | 3.4 | 0.7 |
C⁃4 | 94.19 | 54.78 | 32.03 | 1.96 | 33.99 | 0.6 | 2.0 |
D⁃2 | 81.62 | 43.12 | 31.01 | 2.51 | 33.52 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
Sample | wPta (%) | DPtb (%) | dPtc /nm | Sample | wPta (%) | DPtb (%) | dPtc /nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pt/B⁃1 | 0.267 | 48.9 | 2.3 | Pt/C⁃4 | 0.278 | 82.0 | 1.4 |
Pt/B⁃2 | 0.248 | 44.2 | 2.6 | Pt/D⁃2 | 0.254 | 50.3 | 2.3 |
Pt/B⁃3 | 0.280 | 42.5 | 2.7 |
Table 6 Pt content and dispersion of different Pt/ZSM-22 catalysts
Sample | wPta (%) | DPtb (%) | dPtc /nm | Sample | wPta (%) | DPtb (%) | dPtc /nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pt/B⁃1 | 0.267 | 48.9 | 2.3 | Pt/C⁃4 | 0.278 | 82.0 | 1.4 |
Pt/B⁃2 | 0.248 | 44.2 | 2.6 | Pt/D⁃2 | 0.254 | 50.3 | 2.3 |
Pt/B⁃3 | 0.280 | 42.5 | 2.7 |
Sample | Product content, w(%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C5—C8 | C9—C16 | i⁃C17 | n⁃C17+C18 | Bio⁃jet fuel | |
Pt/B⁃1 | 24.23 | 31.10 | 18.22 | 26.45 | 49.33 |
Pt/B⁃2 | 37.14 | 27.75 | 14.69 | 20.42 | 42.44 |
Pt/B⁃3 | 27.23 | 29.02 | 17.77 | 25.98 | 46.78 |
Pt/C⁃4 | 19.51 | 31.93 | 20.92 | 27.64 | 52.85 |
Pt/D⁃2 | 32.25 | 31.81 | 15.95 | 19.99 | 47.76 |
Table 7 Liquid phase product distribution of different Pt/ZSM-22 catalysts
Sample | Product content, w(%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C5—C8 | C9—C16 | i⁃C17 | n⁃C17+C18 | Bio⁃jet fuel | |
Pt/B⁃1 | 24.23 | 31.10 | 18.22 | 26.45 | 49.33 |
Pt/B⁃2 | 37.14 | 27.75 | 14.69 | 20.42 | 42.44 |
Pt/B⁃3 | 27.23 | 29.02 | 17.77 | 25.98 | 46.78 |
Pt/C⁃4 | 19.51 | 31.93 | 20.92 | 27.64 | 52.85 |
Pt/D⁃2 | 32.25 | 31.81 | 15.95 | 19.99 | 47.76 |
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