Nanofibrillated Cellulose Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Aerogels: Efficient Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20170126

Abstract

Abstract:

The nanofibrillated cellulose(NFC) with large aspect ratio and uniform size(mean diameter is 230.10 nm) was fabricated from commercial eucalyptus pulps by scale-up nano-grinding. Then the NFC was assembled to NFC aerogels(NFCA) with three-dimensional(3D) frameworks. After carbonization of NFCA under N₂ atmosphere, the carbon nanofiber aerogels(CNFA) were generated with the inherited 3D network structure. With futher KOH-assisted annealing of CNFA, the hierarchical porous carbon aerogels(denoted as CNFA-A) were finally obtained. CNFA-A combined the inherited original 3D network from NFCA and the secondary constructed micropore-mesopore structure. The mean diameter of CNFA-A was diminished to 53.16 nm. The structures of three kinds of cellulose-based aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and the statistic diameter of nanofibril building-blocks was obtained by Nanomeasure^®. The graphitization degree of cellulose-based aerogels was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, and the specific surface area was measured through BET specific surface area test. The specific surface area of CNFA-A is as high as 488.92 m²/g and the total pore volume can reach up to 0.404 cm³/g. In addition, as anode material for lithium ion battery, the CNFA-A exhibits a high reversible capacity(448 mA·h/g at 1 A/g), an excellent rate capability(219 mA·h/g at 20 A/g) and an outstanding cycling performance(409 mA·h/g at 1 A/g after 1000 cycles).

Key words: Nanofibrillated cellulose, Aerogel, Carbonization, Hierarchical structure, Lithium ion battery

CLC Number:

TrendMD:

KONG Xuelin, LU Yun, YE Guichao, LI Daohao, SUN Jin, YANG Dongjiang, YIN Yafang. Nanofibrillated Cellulose Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Aerogels: Efficient Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2017, 38(11): 1941.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1 XRD patterns(A) and FTIR spectra(B) of eucalyptus pulp(a) and NFC(b)

Fig.2 SEM images of NFCA(A), CNFA(B), CNFA-A(C) and diameter distributions of NFCA(D), CNFA(E), CNFA-A(F)Inset of (C) is the TEM image of CNFA-A.

Fig.3 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms(A) and NLDFT pore-size distributions calculated from the nitrogen(77 K) isotherms(B) of CNFA-A(a), CNFA(b), NFCA(c)

Fig.4 Raman spectra(A) and XRD patterns(B) of CNFA-A(a) and CNFA(b)

Fig.5 Discharge/charge voltage curves of CNFA-A cycled at the 1st(a), 2nd(b), 3rd time(c) between 0.01 and 3.0 V(vs. Li+/Li) at a current density of 1 A/g(A), specific capacity comparisons at different cycles of CNFA-A(a), CNFA(b) at a current density of 1 A/g(B) and specific capacity comparison of CNFA-A(a), CNFA(b) at different current densities(C)

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