Gas Sensor Based on Porous Film of Polyaniline/sulfonated Nickel Phthalocyanine Composites for the Detection of Ammonia†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20150669

Abstract

Abstract:

By utilizing the significant catalytic effect of sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine(NiTSPc) on the anilinepolymerization, a porous thin film of polyaniline(PANI) and sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine(PANI/NiTSPc) composite was deposited across the gaps of an interdigitated Au electrode(IAE) by a simple electrochemical polymerization method. The PANI/NiTSPc porous thin film was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM), energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) and Raman spectrum. At room temperature, the ammonia sensing properties of the PANI/NiTSPc porous thin film prepared at optimum conditions were studied. The sensitivity of the film to 76 mg/m³ NH₃ was up to 2.75 with response time as short as 10 s. In addition, rather fast recovery rate, good reproducibility and long-term stability were also observed in a wide concentration range from 3.8 to 1900 mg/m³. Therefore, the proposed PANI/NiTSPc nanocomposite thin film sensors are highly potential candidates in the field of NH₃ detection and electronic nose application in further work.

Key words: Sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine, Polyaniline, Ammonia, Gas sensor

CLC Number:

O657

TrendMD:

ZHOU Xucheng, LI Zhihua, ZOU Xiaobo, SHI Jiyong, HUANG Xiaowei, HU Xuetao. Gas Sensor Based on Porous Film of Polyaniline/sulfonated Nickel Phthalocyanine Composites for the Detection of Ammonia^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2016, 37(3): 460.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Schematic and photo of the interdigitated Au electrode

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup

Fig.3 Comparison of CV curves of aniline electropolymerization in the absence(a) and presence(b) of NiTSPc(A) and continuous CV curves of aniline electropolymerization in the presence of NiTSPc for 5 cycles(B) Electrolyte: 0.5 mol/L H2SO4+0.05 mol/L aniline+2×10-3 mol/L NiTSPc. Inset of (B) is enlarge curves in the range of 0.14—0.20 V.

Fig.4 SEM images of the porous PANI/NiTSPc film deposited on IAE scanned for 1 cycle(A) and the details of the porous film(B), SEM images of the PANI/NiTSPc film(C) and pure PANI on IAE scanned for 5 cycles(D), AFM images of PANI/NiTSPc films scanned for 1 cycle(E) and 5 cycles(F) and EDS(G) and Raman spectra(H) of the PANI/NiTSPc composites

Fig.5 Dynamic response of the sensor prepared in electrolyte containing 5×10-4(A), 2×10-3(B) and 4×10-3 mol/L of NiTSPc(C) toward 760 mg/m3 NH3 and dependence of the resistance and response(D), response time and recovery time(E) on NiTSPc concentration

Fig.6 Dependence of sensitivity and Ra of the prepared sensors on the applied potential limit(A) and scan rate(B)

Fig.7 Response transients(A, B) and relative response values(C, D) of PANI/NiTSPc thin films exposed to NH3 of different concentrations(B) enlarged response transients of in the aoncentration range of 3.8—190 mg/m3; (D) dependence of relative response on NH3 concentration ranging from 3.8 mg/m3 to 76 mg/m3)

Table 1 Comparison of the analytical performance of the proposed ammonia sensor with previously reported ammonia sensors

Sensing material	Linear range/(mg·m^-3)	Response time/s	Recovery time/s	Reference
ZnO		160	660	[10]
PANI		122	180	[18]
Graphene/PANI	0.76—4864	50	23	[24]
CSA-PANI/SnO₂		46	3245	[44]
PANI/MSSA		25	274	[45]
MWCNTs/PANI	0—76			[46]
PANI/PTSA		270	210	[47]
PANI/HCL/PTSA		240	240	[47]
CNFL/SnO₂		100	120	[48]
PANI/NiTSPc	3.8—1900	10	25	This work

Fig.8 Comparison of the response of the proposed sensor to different gases

Fig.9 Dynamic response transients of the sensor toward 760 mg/m3 NH3 for 3 times

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