Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Hierarchical Structures by an Ultrasonic Etch Method†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20140205

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on wet etching and ultrasonic cavitation, an ultrasonic etch method was proposed for fabricating micro- and nanoscale hierarchical structures. By ultrasonic etching with isopyknic mixture of nitric acid/ethanol(4%, volume fraction) and hydrogen peroxide(30%, mass fraction) for 2—10 min at room tempe-rature, several hierarchical structures were fabricated on the surfaces of 60Si2Mn, 60^#, T10, Cr06, 65Mn and silicon steel. After decorated with fluorosilane, the aforementioned surfaces become superhydrophobic and show water contact angles of 156.0°, 154.8°, 156.4°, 153.9°, 156.6° and 155.8°, respectively, and the corresponding roll angles are 6.5°, 19.2°, 6.1°, 7.8°, 6.7° and 7.2°, respectively. Compared to the regular etching, the chemical corrosion of ultrasonic etching was enhanced and modified by coupling with cavita-tion, and therefore could fabricate hierarchical structures. Due to the differences in microstructure morphologies and wetting states of solid/liquid interfaces, the superhydrophobic surfaces prepared show different wetting behavior. The ultrasonic method proposed is simple, inexpensive and available for other metals, thus having potential values in constructing micro- and nanoscale hierarchical structures and superhydrophobic surfaces.

Key words: Superhydrophobicity surface, Ultrasonic etch, Hierarchical structure, Vibration

CLC Number:

O647

TrendMD:

HUANG Jianye, WANG Fenghui, HOU Shaohang, ZHAO Xiang. Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Hierarchical Structures by an Ultrasonic Etch Method^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2014, 35(9): 1968.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Illustration of material preparation

Fig.2 SEM images of steel surfaces after ultrasonic etch (A1, A2) 60Si2Mn; (B1, B2) 60#; (C1, C2) T10; (D1, D2) Cr06. Insets in (A1—D1): micro-photographs of contact angle(CA).

Fig.3 SEM images of 65Mn surfaces after etch(A1, A2, B1, B2) and micro-photographs of water contact angles(A3, B3) (A1—A3) Regular etch; (B1—B3) ultrasonic etch. Inside the ellipses show the second-phase particles.

Fig.4 SEM images of silicon surfaces after etch(A1, A2, B1, B2) and micro-photographs of water contact angles(A3, B3) (A1—A3) Regular etch; (B1—B3) ultrasonic etch.

Fig.5 SEM images of pure iron surfaces after etch(A1, A2, B1, B2) and micro-photographs of water contact angles(A3, B3) (A1—A3) Regular etch; (B1—B3) ultrasonic etch.

Table 1 Micro morphologies and hydrophobicity of specimen

Specimen	Etch method	Microstructure	Size/μm	Nanostructure	Size/nm	Contact angle/(°)	Roll angle/(°)
60Si2Mn	Ultrasonic	Bump & ridge	1—5	Particles	50—100	157.0	6.5
60^#	Ultrasonic	Rice straw	0.5—5	Particles	50—150	155.8	19.2
T10	Ultrasonic	Ball cactus	1—3	Flakiness	50—700	157.4	6.1
Cr06	Ultrasonic	Bump & cavity	0.5—5	Particles	30—120	154.9	7.8
65Mn	Regular	Bump & ridge	2—10			126.8	180
65Mn	Ultrasonic	Bump & valley	1—5	Flakiness	50—300	157.6	6.7
Silicon steel	Regular					119.2	180
Silicon steel	Ultrasonic	Spindrift	5—50	Particles & flakiness	100—500	156.8	7.2
Pure iron	Regular					126.7	180
Pure iron	Ultrasonic	Cavity & valley	10—100	Particles	200—500	131.0	180

Fig.6 Different wetting states of waterdroplets on rough surfaces (A) Lotus state; (B) Cassie state; (C) transition state; (D) Wenzel state.

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