框架核酸辅助的仿生膜构建

doi:10.7503/cjcu20200251

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

仿生膜的构建有利于了解并掌握生物膜的功能及其机理, 同时对其在生命医学及疾病诊断等相关领域的应用具有重要意义. 以框架核酸为组装单元, 构建新型仿生膜材料是一种有效且具有发展前景的方法和研究方向. 本文综述了框架核酸的设计、制备与表征, 总结了框架核酸修饰到脂质膜上的方式. 同时, 对框架核酸辅助的仿生膜的应用情况进行了阐述, 并探讨了框架核酸在仿生膜研究领域所面临的机遇与挑战.

关键词: 生物仿生, 细胞膜, 框架核酸, DNA纳米技术

Abstract:

Biomimicry of cellular membrane is crucial for the study of cellular communications and transportation, and holds great potentials in various applications, including nanomedicine, nanopore based single molecule detection, cell imaging, drug delivery and cancer therapy. Owing to its ability to nanoscale precisely shape and manipulation, construction of framework nuclei acids(FNAs) provides a promising approach to bio-mimicking cellular membrane proteins and exploiting their functions and applications. In this review, we introduce the structure and imaging technology for FNAs as well as assembling methods for FNAs based artificial cellular membrane in recent years. In addition, the application fields as well as the existing opportunities and challenges of FNAs based biomimicry of cellular membrane are discussed.

Key words: Biomimicry, Cellular membrane, Framework nucleic acid, DNA nanotechnology

中图分类号:

O611
Q527

TrendMD:

严磊, 毛秀海, 左小磊. 框架核酸辅助的仿生膜构建. 高等学校化学学报, 2020, 41(7): 1415.

YAN Lei, MAO Xiuhai, ZUO Xiaolei. Biomimicry of Cellular Membrane with Framework Nucleic Acids^†. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(7): 1415.

图/表 6

Fig.1 Schematic representations of framework nucleic acids (A) FNAs are truly monodispersed nanostructures with precise size, shape and manipulation manipulation[11]; Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (B) schematic of nanostructures and TEM images for framework nucleic acids with various shapes. Scale bars, zoomed-out 100 nm and zoomed-in 50 nm[32]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature.

Fig.2 Schematic representations of different anchoring methods for framework nucleic acids to lipid membranes (A) Porphyrins modified Framework nucleic acids with ed onto lipid membrane via hydrophobic effect[44], Copyright 2011, Wiley-VCH; (B) schematic representation of the DNA-lipid interaction via electrostatic interaction[51], Copyright 2006, American Chemical Society; (C) aptamer specifically bind to the EpCAM protein on cell surface, triggering DNA hybridization reaction to form DNA hydrogel[59], Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.

Fig.3 Representative examples of FNAs for shaping membrane (A) Framework nucleic acids with a variety of curvatures developed to study their abilities to shape membranes[68], Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society; (B) schematic of the FNA “exoskeleton” to confine the size of liposomes products[69], Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.

Fig.4 Representative examples of framework nucleic acids for “Gated” transportation (A) Schematic of opening the Framework nucleic acids based nanopore with single stand DNA of “key” [68], Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society; (B) schematic illustration of artificial molecular signaling system[72], Copyright 2020, Springer Nature.

Fig.5 Framework nucleic acids based nanopore for single molecule detection[68] (A) Schematic design of the channel consisting of a barrel-shaped cap(white) and a transmembrane stem(red); (B) representative TEM images of DNA channels adhering to small unilamellar vesicles(SUVs). Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.

Fig.6 Representative examples of framework nucleic acids for biomedical engineering and drug delivery (A) Schematic illustration of the FNA based n-simplexes and recruitment-binding induced EpCAM cluster on the cell membrane with increased binding affinity[93], Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society; (B) schematic illustration of the framework nucleic acids as drug carriers[94], Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH.

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