Table of Content

10 February 2021, Volume 42 Issue 2

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Cover and Content of Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities Vol.42 No.2(2021)

2021, 42(2):  1-6. 

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Review

Construction of Graphdiyne Interface in Electrochemical Batteries

GAO Xiaoya, ZUO Zicheng, LI Yuliang

2021, 42(2):  321-332.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200477

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Graphdiyne is the emerging carbon allotrope， and its unique structure and properties attract the wide attentions of scientists from different fields. The recent research achievements demonstrate that graph- diyne is a carbon material with great development potentials in the energy， catalyst， optics， magnetic， information science， bioscience， and so on. Recently， the fundamental applications of graphdiyne in the electrochemical energy fields show its unique advantages as the electrochemical energy materials， and it provides many new concepts， and novel solutions for solving the bottlenecks in the electrochemical energy devices. This paper mainly reviews the recent progresses of graphdiyne in the applications of electrochemical energy interface， and summarizes the novel solutions for the interface construction， interfacial selective transfer， and interfacial stability in several electrochemical energy sources， inspired by the unique properties of graphdiyne in the preparation and structures.



Pore Structure of Graphdiyne： Design， Synthesis and Application

ZHAN Shuhui, ZHAO Yasong, YANG Nailiang, WANG Dan

2021, 42(2):  333-348.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200663

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As a new emerging carbon material， graphdiyne（GDY） presents abundant sub-nanoscale porous structure， special electronic properties， and can be achieved at relatively low temperature with a wet-chemical approach. Therefore， with those excellent properties， GDY has drawn great attentions in various research fields such as catalysis， energy conversion and storage. A prominent feature of GDY is its topologically ordered regular pore structures， while the bottom-up synthesis of GDY makes it structurally designable. In the past decade， a large number of experimental and theoretical researches have been carried out on its structure design， which reveals broad application prospects. Inspired by this， we systematically summarize the effects of monomers， catalysts， templates， and solvents on GDY’s porous structures and discuss its corresponding applications. We hope it will provide a guideline for the application-oriented design and synthesis of GDY with special pore structure. Finally， the challenges and opportunities brought by the design of porous structure of GDY are discussed， and the design of three-dimensional porous structure of GDY is prospected.



Synthesis， Structure Control and Applications of Carbon Dots

SUN Haizhu, YANG Guoduo, YANG Bai

2021, 42(2):  349-365.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200659

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Carbon dot（CD） is a kind of environmental friendly nanoparticles that have attracted much interests in the field of photoelectric materials， catalysis and biomedicine， etc. As a novel kind of CDs， carbonized polymer dots（CPDs） possess lots of active sites， controllable conjugated structure and good compatibility， showing great potential. In this review， the synthetic approaches and characterization ways are summarized， including how to establish the relationship between precursor structure， micro-nano structure of CPDs as well as their properties through introducing hybrid atoms， and tuning the groups and active sites， as well as defects on the surface of CPDs， the carbonized procedure， crystal structure， conjugated degree and energy levels. The applications of the CPDs and their hybrid and composites in photo（electro） catalysis， photo-electric conversion and energy storage are introduced. At last， the issues to be addressed and the prospective of carbon dots are proposed.



Advances in the Study of Heteratomic Graphdiyne Electrode Materials

SUN Quanhu, LU Tiantian, HE Jianjiang, HUANG Changshui

2021, 42(2):  366-379.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200598

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Carbon materials have become one of the most important materials for electrochemical energy storage devices due to their advantages， such as low price， easy preparation， environmental friendliness， high electrical conductivity and large specific surface area， in addition， they are suitable for ion storage and migration. Graphdiyne（GDY）， as a new two-dimensional carbon allotrope， is composed of benzene ring in sp² carbon hybridization form and acetylene bond in sp carbon hybridization form. This unique chemical structure， on the one hand， keeps the good conductivity of carbon materials， and on the other hand， forms a novel ion transport channel， which endows the carbon materials with different ion transport and storage characteristics. At the same time， on account of the adjustable spatial structure of graphdiyne， the electronic structure of graphdiyne can be fine-tuned through the introduction of heteroatoms， which greatly expands the application range of graphdiyne in the field of electrode materials. In this paper， the recent years’ work on heteroatomic graph-diyne electrode materials used in lithium ion battery， sodium ion battery， metal sulfur battery， capacitor， metal air battery， electrode protection and other energy storage fields is summarized， and the future development direction of graphdiyne electrode materials applied to the energy storage field is prospected.



Gelation of Two⁃dimensional Materials for Energy Storage Applications

DENG Yaqian, WU Zhitan, LV Wei, TAO Ying, YANG Quanhong

2021, 42(2):  380-396.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200707

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Due to the unique layered structure， exceptional electrical， and chemical properties of two-dimensional（2D） materials， large efforts have been investigated for their energy storage applications. However， as the consequence of the erratic aggregation and layer-by-layer restacking of 2D sheets， severe accessible surface loss preserves their outstanding properties in the practical applications. Gelation in solution is an advantageous way to achieve the self-assembly of nanomaterials with different structures. The prepared hydrogels exhibit interconnected pores and thus present a better utilization of the terminal active sites on 2D sheets and a higher permeability for mass transportation. Moreover， gelation also shows a superior value on the pore design which is conducive to the mass storage and void space tailor. In this paper， we discussed the gelation mechanism of graphene and its analogues starting from colloidal suspensions， summarized different ways of gelation methods， and listed the strategies for their structural control. In addition， research of 2D materials hydrogels featuring high electrochemical performance， multiple functions for energy storage devices are also viewed.



Optical Properties and Related Research Progress of MXenes

HUANG Dapeng, YU Haohai, ZHANG Huaijin

2021, 42(2):  397-411.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200584

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Transition metal carbides， nitrides or carbonitrides（MXenes） have rich element composition and structural tunability， thus showing rich physical and chemical properties as well as great application potential. Based on the basic optical properties of such materials， this review analyzes and summarizes the research progress of MXenes in optical related fields such as photon emission， transparent conductivity and energy storage， nonlinear optics， surface plasmon and Raman enhancement， photothermal transformation， photocatalysis as well as optical response. The development and opportunities of MXenes are briefly reviewed in order to provide a meaningful reference for further research.



Recent Advances in the Applications of Elemental Two-dimensional Materials and Their Derivatives Serving as Transport Layers in Solar Cells

LIN Shenghuang, FU Nianqing, BAO Qiaoliang

2021, 42(2):  412-431.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200673

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Owing to the rapid increase of world population and the energy used by per person， the total electricity consuming is growing even more quickly in modern society than before. Among various green energy technologies， photovoltaic power generation is undoubtedly a very promising technology. Although the traditional silicon-based solar cells have made great progress， there is still a gap of the cost performance between silicon photovoltaics and the traditional energy. Therefore， it is urgent to develop low-cost and high-efficiency solar cells. However， the application of new-type solar cells has been double tested by poor stability and relatively low efficiency. Interestingly， elemental two-dimensional（2D） materials and their derivatives have also attracted much attention due to their excellent chemical and physical properties. The integration of elemental 2D materials into solar cells has also been widely studied and the positive effects can be obviously observed. In this review， we show the development of nanoscale elemental 2D materials served as transport layers in solar cells， which have gained prominence improvement in terms of efficiency and been proved to be a new platform for further promising technology to meet the energy demands in modern society. Then the critical challenges and prospects for using of elemental 2D materials in solar cells are addressed.



Application of Biomimetic Nanofluidic Channel Based on Two-dimensional Materials in Energy Conversion

DONG Qizheng, ZHAI Jin

2021, 42(2):  432-444.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200622

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Bioinspired artificial nanofluidic channels have rapidly developed into a hot research field due to their controllable geometric structure and adjustable chemical properties. Among them， 2D nanofluid channels based on 2D nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as easy fabrication， efficient chemical modification， dense stacking lamellar structure and low fluid resistance. It has great potential in the osmotic energy conversion. In this paper， the performance and advantages of two-dimensional nanofluidic channels are briefly introduced； the latest development of two-dimensional energy conversion system and the development prospect of energy conversion in two-dimensional nanofluid channels are prospected. In general， inspired by nature， developing new approaches and improving the performance of layered nanofluid channels will greatly enhance and enrich the development of 2D layered nanofluids in the near future.



Two-dimensional Materials for Osmotic Energy Conversion

XIN Weiwen, WEN Liping

2021, 42(2):  445-455.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200605

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Osmotic energy conversion， the extraction of power from the salt difference between river water and seawater， is a crucial way to solve the energy crisis in future. Osmotic energy attracts extensive attention and research due to its huge reserves， easy accessibility， and sustainability. Ion-exchange membrane is a key component in reverse electrodialysis（RED） technology for osmotic energy conversion， which immensely impacts the performance of osmotic energy conversion. Two-dimensional（2D） materials such as graphene， graphene oxide， molybdenum disulfide， various frame materials and their functionalized composites have become prospective materials for harvesting osmotic energy on account of their excellent ion selective transport， nanoscale pores or channels， abundant functional groups， and modifiability. In this review， we summarize the types of 2D materials as ion transport channels and their corresponding transport mechanisms. Furthermore， we also discuss the current state of the art in designs and show the applications of 2D materials and their composites in osmotic energy conversion. Finally， we overview the challenges of 2D materials in osmotic energy conversion and propose future directions of research.



Progress in Synthesis and Electrocatalysis of Two-Dimensional Metal Nanomaterials

PI Yecan, ZHANG Ying, CHENG Zifang, HUANG Xiaoqing

2021, 42(2):  456-474.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200551

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Energy conversion technologies based on various electrochemical reactions are the key for utilizing and developing sustainable energy sources in the future. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties， two-dimensional metal nanomaterials demonstrate great application potential in many electrochemical reactions， which has attracted the attention of numerous researchers. Herein， we first introduce the conventional methods and strategies for the synthesis of two-dimensional metal nanomaterials. Then， their applications in several electrocatalytic reactions are reviewed， with an emphasis on the relationship between structure and catalytic performance. Lastly， the challenges and prospects in this field are discussed.



Research Progress on Doping of Molybdenum Disulfide and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

CHEN Xiaoyu, YU Ranbo

2021, 42(2):  475-491.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200652

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Hydrogen production by electrocatalytic water splitting is a production process that can form a closed loop. The starting material and by-products are water. The process is clean and pollution-free， which is a highly promising strategy for hydrogen production. One of the bottlenecks restricting its development is the expensive Pt-based precious metal catalyst. To promote the popularization of electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen， it is urgent to develop low-cost and non-precious metal catalysts. Among the many alternative non-precious metal catalytic materials， nano-layered molybdenum disulfide（MoS₂） has attracted widespread attention due to its predictable catalytic effect， abundant reserves， and low price. However， the layered structure 2H phase MoS₂， which is easy to obtain under normal conditions， has a large area of the ??basal surface that is inert in HER catalysis， only a small number of active sites exist at the edge of the sheet， and the conductivity is poor， so it is not enough to replace the Pt-based catalyst. It is an important task to increase the number of active sites and to improve its conductivity， and has become an urgent problem to be solved. On the other hand， although 1T-phase MoS₂ has high activity and good conductivity， it has the problems of difficulty in preparation and poor stability. Given this， a lot of work has been done to improve the activity and stability of nano-MoS₂ by doping modification. In this review， we summarized and discussed the methods and mechanisms of the doping modification of non-precious metal nano-MoS₂ catalysts and the related research on the performance of electrocatalytic hydrolysis for hydrogen production. As a typical non-precious metal water electrolysis hydrogen evolution catalyst， MoS₂ has great development potential. We believe that this review can provide a useful reference to the research and development of related non-precious metal catalysts.



Recent Advances of Two-dimensional Materials for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

SHI Jiangwei, MENG Nannan, GUO Yamei, YU Yifu, ZHANG Bin

2021, 42(2):  492-503.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200686

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Electrocatalytic water splitting is considered as a promising technique to produce hydrogen due to its abundant source and environmental friendliness. The development of efficient electrocatalysts for electroca-talytic hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） is highly desirable. With the rise of graphene， two-dimensional（2D） materials have become a potential candidate in water electrolysis due to their unique physical， chemical， and electronic properties. Herein， this review sumarized the recent advances of 2D materials for electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen. Firstly， synthesis methods for 2D materials were introduced. Subsequently， strategies to improve the HER performance of 2D materials were summarized. Finally， some challenges and future opportunities in this field were summarized and proposed.



Large-scale Syntheses and Versatile Applications of Two-dimensional Metal Dichalcogenides

YANG Pengfei, SHI Yuping, ZHANG Yanfeng

2021, 42(2):  504-522.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200518

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Recently， two-dimensional（2D） transition metal dichalcogenides（TMDs） have attracted significant attentions due to their intriguing properties， such as tunable bandgaps， valley related physics and high catalytic activity， which endow them promising applications in electronics， optoelectronics and energy related fields. To promote these applications， the batch production of large-scale and thickness-uniform TMDs films is an essential issue. Chemical vapor deposition（CVD） has been proved to be a facile route for the syntheses of large-area uniform high-quality 2D materials. This topical review hereby focuses on the introduction of the state-of-the-art CVD methods for the large-scale syntheses of TMDs films through two key strategies， from the viewpoints of precursor delivery design and substrate engineering. The related mechanisms and specific parameter optimizations towards high-quality growth are also discussed. In addition， the applications of the CVD derived high-quality TMDs in electronics， optoelectronics， electro-/photo-catalysis are also introduced. Finally， the current challenges for the syntheses of large-area uniform and high-quality TMDs are proposed， and the future directions in these developing fields are also forecasted.



Recent Advances of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysis Based on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

HE Qianqian, WANG Zhe, MENG Lingjia, CHEN Qian, GONG Yongji

2021, 42(2):  523-538.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200582

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To solve the global climate change and energy crisis， one of the most effective alternative energy sources is hydrogen（H₂）. Hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） is regarded as green process for the sustainable production of hydrogen， usually requiring a catalyst to reduce the electrochemical potential and improve the conversion efficiency. Currently the most advanced catalyst still relies on precious metals. Recent research shows that the transition metal dichalcogenides（TMDs） also has excellent catalytic activity. Comparing to precious metals， TMDs are expected to be the alternatives to precious metals in the field of catalysis. Based on this， this review discusses the researches of TMDs in hydrogen evolution reaction in recent years and strategies to improve catalysis activity， including atomic engineering， phase engineering and heterogeneous junction. Finally， the challenges and opportunities of TMDs catalytic materials are concluded.



Research Progress of Two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Supercapacitors

CHEN Minghua, LI Hongwu, FAN He, LI Yu, LIU Weiduo, XIA Xinhui, CHEN Qingguo

2021, 42(2):  539-555.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200579

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In recent years， transition metal dichalcogenides（TMDs）， an emerging two-dimensional material， are regarded as the promising candidates for the supercapacitors electrodes due to their unique layered structure and electrical properties. This review introduces the common synthesis methods of two-dimensional TMDs， elaborates the research progress of molybdenum-based， tungsten-based， vanadium-based and other TMDs in supercapacitors， and analyzes the influence of morpohologies， nanoarchitectures， modified methods and other factors on the electrochemical performance of TMDs. The achievements and challenges of TMDs in this field are roundly disscussed toward the practical application.



Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Application of Two-dimensional Metal-organic Frameworks

JIANG Qinyuan, ZHOU Chenhui, MENG Haibing, HAN Ying, ZHANG Rufan

2021, 42(2):  556-574.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200565

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Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） have attracted extensive attention due to their extraordinary merits such as high specific surface area， porous structure and abundant active sites， thus showing great potential in the field of electrocatalysis. Much progress has been made in their controlled synthesis and the modulation of their electrocatalytic performance， which reveals the crucial role of related resear-ches in the development of high-performance electrocatalysts. Top-down and bottom-up synthetic strategies of two-dimensional MOFs and typical synthetic methods of two-dimensional MOF derivatives are reviewed. The modulation strategies of the electrocatalytic performance of two-dimensional MOFs at various scales are summarized， and the electrocatalytic applications of these synthetic methods and modulation strategies are introduced. At last， the challenges and development directions for this area are also discussed.



Recent Progress of Two-dimensional Metal-organic Framework Nanosheets for Supercapacitor and Electrocatalysis Applications

WAN Yue, SONG Meina, ZHAO Meiting

2021, 42(2):  575-594.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200653

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Two-dimensional metal-organic framework（2D MOF） nanosheets attract increasing research attention due to their unique properties originating from their abundant and easily exposed surface active sites， highly ordered pore structure， as well as varied and tunable chemical composition. These structural advantages help reduce the reaction potential and increase the diffusion rate and reaction rate in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. In this review， we first summarize the synthetic strategies of 2D MOF， and then an overview of applications of 2D MOF in supercapacitance（SC）， oxygen evolution reaction（OER）， oxygen reduction reaction（ORR）， hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）， carbon dioxide reduction reaction（CRR） is given. Finally， the status quo and prospects for the research of 2D MOF nanosheets are presented and discussed.



Design， Construction and Performance Research of Functional Devices Based on Two-dimensional Piezoelectric Materials

WANG Wei, LU Xiangchao, ZHOU Lijun, LU Yizhen, CAO Yang

2021, 42(2):  595-606.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200638

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Two-dimensional materials have attracted the great interest due to their high mechanical strength， broad range of properties， flexibility and transparency. As the flexible electronic devices， nanosensors， optoelectronic and other functional devices based on two-dimensional piezoelectric materials （TDPM） have shown excellent performance and application prospects， the construction and application of such devices desire systematic design and performance research. In this review， we systematically summarized the mechanism， fabrication and methods of realizing various functions of TDPM， so as to provide some guidance for the design and research of two-dimensional piezoelectric devices.



One-step Preparation and Applications of Laser Induced Three-dimensional Reticular Graphene

SHA Huiwen, MA Weiting, ZHOU Xiaojuan, SONG Weixing

2021, 42(2):  607-614.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200534

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In recent years， graphene has attracted a lot of interest and research in the fields of chemistry， mechanics and electricity due to its unique properties. As an excellent graphene material， 3D porous graphene has been widely applied in electronic devices due to its unique porous structure， which enables the material to maintain high enough electron mobility and mechanical stability while having a large specific surface area. The laser-induced graphene is a three-dimensional reticular graphene material directly prepared by one-step method. The 3D reticular graphene could be further modified by doping other elements， which can signifi- cantly improve the energy storage capacity of the device. This preparation method combines the preparation and patterning of 3D graphene， eliminates the need for wet chemical reaction treatment， makes it easier to make and has better material properties. At the same time， the special properties of laser-induced graphene， such as porous micro-nano structure and large specific surface area， make it have high application value in the fields of supercapacitors and sensors.



Article

Metallic 1T′ MoS₂ Boosts Graphitic C₃N₄ for Efficient Visible-light Photocatalysis

JIA Bingquan, YE Bin, ZHAO Wei, XU Fangfang, HUANG Fuqiang

2021, 42(2):  615-623.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200626

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Molybdenum disulfide（MoS₂），_{as one of thetransition metal dichalcogenides， has been extensively investigated as a promising electrocatalyst or photocatalyst for solar energy applications. Among its polymorphs， 2H MoS2 and 1T MoS2 applied in visible-light-driven photocatalysis has been demonstrated， but the photocatalytic performance including activity and stability is unsatisfactory. Herein， a composite of 1T′ MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets and carbon nitride（g-C3N4） nanosheets is fabricated by combining thermal annealing and an electrostatic self-assemble method. The as-prepared nanocomposites exhibit better photocatalytic activity as 6.24 μmol?g^?1?h^?1 for H2 evolution compared with 4.64 μmol?g^?1?h^?1 for Pt decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets under visible light irradiation. Apart from this， the composites also show 0.19 min^?1 for organic dye（methyl orange） degradation rate while the pure g-C3N4 exhibits 0.053 min^?1. The enhancement of photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effects between 1T′ MoS2 and g-C3N4， which include improved light absorption and superior charge separation owing to great electron conductivity of 1T′ MoS2. The kinetics model and degradation mechanism of the nanocomposites are also proposed.}



Design and Theoretical Calculation of Heteroatoms Doped Graphdiyne Towards Efficiently Catalyzing Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions

MA Jun, ZHONG Yang, ZHANG Shanshan, HUANG Yijun, ZHANG Lipeng, LI Yaping, SUN Xiaoming, XIA Zhenhai

2021, 42(2):  624-632.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200332

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In the process of clean and renewable energy conversion， oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction demand highly efficient electrocatalysts to overcome their kinetic bottlenecks. Herein， a series of metal-free graphdiyne doped with heteroatoms was designed for promoting these key chemical reactions. To evaluate electrocatalytic performance， the reaction pathways and free energies were investigated systematically with the density functional theory（DFT）. The calculations indicated that the dopants can optimize the adsorption of intermediates， lowering the overpotential of the reactions. Particularly， an intrinsic descriptor was identified to correlate the catalytic properties with catalyst structures， from which rapid screening could be made for the development of new catalysts. The results may provide guidance for the construction of carbon-based catalysts in clean energy technologies（such as fuel cells， metal-air batteries， electrolyzing water and so on）.



Preparation of a Novel g-C₃N₄/Sn/N-doped Carbon Composite for Sodium Storage

LIU Zhigang, LI Jiabao, YANG Jian, MA Hao, WANG Chengyin, GUO Xin, WANG Guoxiu

2021, 42(2):  633-642.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200711

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Sodium-ion batteries（SIBs） based on Sn-based anodes have attracted increasing attention due to their high theoretical capacity（847 mA·h/g）， high electrical conductivity and suitable operation potential. Unfortunately， the huge structural change upon cycling often causes particle pulverization and rapid capacity decay. In this work， ultrafine Sn nanoparticles with dual protection from graphitic carbon nitride（g-C₃N₄） and polydopamine derived N-doped carbon（g-C₃N₄/Sn/NC） were successfully fabricated through a designed strategy. Generally， the introduction of g-C₃N₄ and NC can dramatically accelerate the transport of electrons/ions as well as the reaction dynamics， thus contributing to the alloying reaction between Sn and Na⁺. Importantly， the ultrafine Sn as well as the dual buffering matrices can efficiently maintain the integrity of electrode upon cycling， guaranteeing the superior electrochemical performance. Benefitting from the structural advantages inhe-rited from the ultrafine Sn nanoparticles and dual protection scaffolds， the as-obtained g-C₃N₄/Sn/NC displays excellent sodium storage performances， with high reversible capacity（450.7 mA·h/g at 0.5 A/g after 100 cycles）， remarkable rate capability（388.3 mA·h/g at 1.0 A/g） and stable long-term cycling stability（363.3 mA·h/g after 400 cycles at 1.0 A/g）.



Transition Metal Sulfides Hybridized with Reduced Graphene Oxide for High-Performance Supercapacitors

HUANG Dongxue, ZHANG Ying, ZENG Ting, ZHANG Yuanyuan, WAN Qijin, YANG Nianjun

2021, 42(2):  643-653.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200641

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To assemble high-energy density asymmetric supercapacitors， the development of electrode mate-rials with large specific capacitances， negligible volume changes and long cycling stability is highly required. The hybrids of multiple transition metal sulfides with carbon nanomaterials are promising electrode materials. In this study， a hybrid consisting of Cu-Mo sulfides grown on microwave exfoliated reduced graphene oxide（CuS-MoS₂/MErGO） was thus synthesized by means of a hydrothermal method. The CuS-MoS₂/MErGO hybrid exhibits a specific capacitance up to 861.5 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g and long cycling life. An asymme-tric supercapacitor was assembled using the positive electrode of NiS/MErGO and the negative electrode of CuS-MoS₂/MErGO. It delivers an energy density of up to 54.2 W·h·kg^-1 at a power density of 1.28 kW/kg when a cell voltage of 1.6 V is applied. Therefore， the TMS hybrids are promising electrode materials for high-performance electrochemical energy storage applications such as for the assemble of asymmetric supercapacitors.



Solvothermal Synthesis of 2D Metallic Transition Metal Disulfides for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

YU Qiangmin, ZHANG Zhiyuan, LUO Yuting, LI Yang, CHENG Huiming, LIU Bilu

2021, 42(2):  654-661.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200454

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Different kinds of transition metal disulfides（TMDCs） were prepared via solvothermal method. The morphologic structure of TMDCs were controlled by tuning the injecting rates of the reaction precursor. The crystallization of the products could be improved by annealing treatment at high-temperature， and thus impro-ving the electrocatalytic activity of TMDC catalyst. The results of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in acidic electrolyte show that the metallic "flower-like" niobium disulfide（NbS₂） exhibits excellent catalytic activity and stability. It possess a small overpotential of only 146 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm². The current density almost shows no decays after 24 h continuous working at 10 mA/cm². The excellent performance of NbS₂ catalyst is attributed to the "flower-like" structure that can expose abundant active sites， and to the improvement of electrical conductivity and material quality after annealing treatment.



Preparation of Layered （NH₄）₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O Nanosheets as an Anode for Li-ion Batteries

ZHOU Zhan, MA Lufang, TAN Chaoliang

2021, 42(2):  662-670.  doi:10.7503/cjcu20200609

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Vanadium pentoxide（V₂O₅） nanomaterials have been extensively investigated as promising electrode materials for rechargeable batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity. Herein， we report the preparation of layered （NH₄）₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O nanosheets by intercalation of commercial V₂O₅ nanoparticles with ammonium ions and water molecules in aqueous solution at room temperature. The as-prepared （NH₄）₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O nanosheets have a size of 2—10 μm and thickness of 50—250 nm. Importantly， when used as an anode mate-rial for Li-ion batteries（LIBs）， the （NH₄）₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O nanosheets exhibit much enhanced performances in comparison with commercial V₂O₅ nanoparticles， including large reversible discharge capacity（1148 mA·h/g at 0.1 A/g）， excellent cycling performance（a high capacity of 1002 mA·h/g at 0.1 A/g after 70 cycles） and high rate capability（reversible capabilities of 1070 mA·h/g at 0.1 A/g）. The results demonstrate that the （NH₄）₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O nanosheets can be used as an excellent anode material for LIBs， which may be also promising for other rechargeable batteries， such as Na-ion batteries and Zn-ion batteries.