Influences of Metal Oxide Encapsulation by Atomic Layer Deposition on the Sensitivities of Octogen†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20141009

Abstract

Abstract:

Micron-scale Octogen(HMX) particles were coated by alumina and zinc oxide thin films via atomic layer deposition(ALD). The surface chemical compositions and morphologies of ALD metal oxides coated HMX particles were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The thermal decomposition behaviors of the fabricated HMX particles were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetry(TG) techniques. The mechanical sensitivity and electrostatic spark sensitivity of the metal oxides coated HMX were tested. The influences of film composition and thickness on the sensitivities of HMX were analyzed. The results indicate that the HMX particles are completely and uniformly encapsulated by ALD alumina or zinc oxide thin films. The thickness of the encapsulation layer can be precisely controlled in nanometer-scale. The thin films of metal oxides have little influence on the thermal decomposition properties of HMX. Due to the hardness of the metal oxides, ALD encapsulation layers do not decrease the mechanical sensitivity of HMX. However, the inorganic ALD coatings increase the surface electrical conductivity of HMX particles and therefore reduce the electrostatic spark sensitivity.

Key words: Atomic layer deposition(ALD), Octogen(HMX), Sensitivity, Alumina, Zinc oxide

CLC Number:

TrendMD:

QIN Lijun, GONG Ting, HAO Haixia, WANG Keyong, FENG Hao. Influences of Metal Oxide Encapsulation by Atomic Layer Deposition on the Sensitivities of Octogen^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(3): 420.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Thicknesses of ALD oxide coatings on AAO*

ALD cycles	m₁/mg	m₂/mg	△m/mg	△m/m₁(%)	h/nm
150-cycle Al₂O₃	11.0	14.2	3.20	29.1	18.0
150-cycle ZnO	5.50	8.40	2.90	52.7	17.5
300-cycle ZnO	7.50	14.7	7.20	96.0	34.5
50-cycle Al₂O₃ + 150-cycle ZnO	11.6	20.3	8.70	75.0	23.5

Table 2 Thicknesses of ALD oxide coatings on HMX

ALD cycles	Mass increase(%)	h/nm	ALD cycles	Mass increase(%)	h/nm
150-cycle Al₂O₃	2.65	22.7	300-cycle ZnO	4.61	20.8
300-cycle Al₂O₃	4.80	41.2	50-cycle Al₂O₃ + 150-cycle ZnO	4.00	20.6
150-cycle ZnO	1.44	6.5	50-cycle Al₂O₃ + 300-cycle ZnO	7.50	36.4

Fig.1 XPS spectra of unmodified HMX and the HMX coated with Al2O3(A, B) and ZnO(C, D) (A), (C) Survey scans; (B), (D) N1s precision scans.

Fig.2 SEM images of unmodified HMX particles(A, B) and the HMX coated by 300-cycle Al2O3(C, D),50-cycle Al2O3+300-cycle ZnO(E, F) and 300-cycle ZnO(G, H) (A), (C), (E), (G): SEM images after the first scan; (B), (D), (F), (H) SEM images after the second scan.

Fig.3 DSC(A) and TG(B) curves of unmodified HMX(a) and the HMX coated with 150-cycle Al2O3(b), 300-cycle Al2O3(c), 50-cycle Al2O3+150-cycle ZnO(d) and 50-cycle Al2O3+300-cycle ZnO(e) (B) t0/℃: a. 252; b. 243; c. 228; d. 211; e. 216.

Table 3 Sensitivities of the HMX coated with ALD metal oxides

Sample	Impact sensitivity, H₅₀/cm	Friction sensitivity, P(%)	Electrostatic spark sensitivity, E₅₀/mJ
HMX	26.3	96	29.9
HMX+150-cycle Al₂O₃	30.9	100	69.0
HMX+300-cycle Al₂O₃	19.5	100	73.5
HMX+50-cycle Al₂O₃ +150-cycle ZnO	20.4	92	45.9
HMX+50-cycle Al₂O₃ +300-cycle ZnO	9.1	100	37.4

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