Chem. J. Chinese Universities ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 20230164.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20230164

• Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Z-configuration A-DA'D-A Type Acceptor with Thermal Annealing Induced High Open Circuit Voltage

ZHANG Liting1,3, QIU Dingding1,3, ZHANG Jianqi1,2,3, LYU Kun1,2,3(), WEI Zhixiang1,2,3()   

  1. 1.CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
    2.CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
    3.National Center for Nanoscience and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China
  • Received:2023-04-01 Online:2023-09-10 Published:2023-05-08
  • Contact: LYU Kun E-mail:lvk@nanoctr.cn;weizx@nanoctr.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973043);the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB36000000)

Abstract:

The development of organic solar cells(OSCs) is approaching the industrial production gradation. In addition to high power conversion efficiency(PCE), it is critical to develop new active layer materials with high open circuit voltage(VOC) and to reduce non-radiative recombination loss. Here, “Z”-configured naphtho[1,2-c∶5,6-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole(NT) nuclear A-DA'D-A receptor(ZNT) with a high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, is developed based on the electron-withdrawing unit(A) -electron-donating unit(D) combination of A-DA'D-A type acceptor Y6, which emerges a “Z” configuration and achieves a reduction in the non-radiative recombination loss of the device with D18 as the donor by increasing the annealing temperature. In order to investigate the difference between this phenomenon and the general phenomenon of VOC reduction by thermal annealing, the D18∶Y6 system was prepared as a reference. By increasing the temperature of thermal annealing, the Urbach energy(EU) of D18∶Y6 is elevated, and the non-radiative recombination loss is increased, thus, the VOC is consistently reduced. Surprisingly, the increase of the thermal annealing temperature decreases the EU of D18∶ZNT and effectively decreases the non-radiative recombination loss, therefore, the VOC shows an unexpected increase. VOC increases from 0.950 V under the unannealed condition to 0.963 V(80 ℃), 0.993 V(100 ℃), and even 0.995 V(110 ℃). Combining the trends of increasing electron mobility with decreasing crystal coherence length(CCL) of the pure acceptor ZNT when the annealing temperature increases, it is inferred that the reduction of energetic disorder is a result of the augmented order of the acceptor ZNT. In addition, the ZNT has a higher LUMO, higher occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) energy levels and band gap than Y6, higher planarity of structure, and lower device exciton dissociation, making the PCE of the ZNT-based devices lower than that of the Y6-based devices. The present work is potentially instructive for the development of A-DA'D-A type acceptors and provides a material design direction for the future development of high-VOC OSCs that avoids the phenomenon of the reduction of VOC by thermal annealing.

Key words: Non-fullerene acceptor, Non-radiative recombination loss, Urbach energy, High open circuit voltage organic solar cell

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