Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Silica/Porous Lignin Carbon Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20180436

Abstract

Abstract:

The alkali lignin(AL) derived from pulping liquor was used as raw materials to prepare the silica/quaternized alkali lignin composite(SiO₂/QAL) by hydrothermal reaction, and then the silica/porous lignin carbon composite(SiO₂/PLC) was obtained after carbonization and etching. SiO₂/PLC exhibited a specific surface area of 1069 m²/g and mesoporous pore size of 20 nm on average. As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, silica nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly in the porous lignin carbon with a three dimensional network, leading to better cycle performance and rate capability. The electrochemical measurement showed that SiO₂/PLC displayed a high capacity of 820 mA·h/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g and 235 mA·h/g at a large current density of 5 A/g.

Key words: Lithium-ion battery, Anode material, Silica, Porous lignin carbon

CLC Number:

O646.21

TrendMD:

LI Changqing,YANG Dongjie,XI Yuebin,QIN Yanlin,QIU Xueqing. Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Silica/Porous Lignin Carbon Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2018, 39(12): 2725.

Figures/Tables 11

Scheme 1 Schematic illustration for the formation of SiO2/PLC

Fig.1 TG curves of SiO2/LC(a), SiO2/PLC(b) and PLC(c)

Fig.2 XRD patterns(A) and Raman spectra(B) of the as-prepared samplesa. LC; b. PLC; c. SiO2/PLC; d. SiO2.

Fig.3 N2 Adsorption-desorption isotherms of the as-prepared samples(A) and the corresponding pore-size distribution of SiO2/PLC determined from the adsorption isotherm(B)

Fig.4 SEM images of SiO2(A), SiO2/QAL(B), SiO2/LC(C), SiO2/PLC(D), PLC(E) and LC(F)

Fig.5 TEM images of edge structure(A) and internal structure(B) and EDS elemental mappings of C(C), O(D), Si(E) and N(F)

Fig.6 Cycling performance of the as-prepared samples at a current density of 100 mA/g(A) and rate capability of SiO2/PLC(B)

Table 1 Comparison of the lithium-storage performance between SiO2/PLC and previously reported SiO2/C anode materials

Material	Carbon source	$w Si O 2$ (%)	Carbonization temperature/℃	Specific capacity (mA·h·g^-1)/ Current density(mA·g^-1)	Specific capacity (mA·h·g^-1)/ Current density(A·g^-1)	Ref.
Bimodal porous carbon-silica nanocomposites	Resol	~50	850	611/200	300/3	[29]
H-SiO₂/C composite	PAN	50.4	1000	564/200	190/5	[30]
SiO₂/C/graphene spheres	PVP and GO	43	900	605/50	－	[31]
SiO₂-coated graphite flake	Graphitc flake	19	1000	－	480/2.5	[32]
Silica-carbon nanocomposite	Filter paper	31	600	488/100	96/3	[33]
SiO₂/PLC	Lignin	21	600	820/100	235/5	This work

Table 1 Comparison of the lithium-storage performance between SiO2/PLC and previously reported SiO2/C anode materials

Material	Carbon source	$w Si O 2$ (%)	Carbonization temperature/℃	Specific capacity (mA·h·g^-1)/ Current density(mA·g^-1)	Specific capacity (mA·h·g^-1)/ Current density(A·g^-1)	Ref.
Bimodal porous carbon-silica nanocomposites	Resol	~50	850	611/200	300/3	[29]
H-SiO₂/C composite	PAN	50.4	1000	564/200	190/5	[30]
SiO₂/C/graphene spheres	PVP and GO	43	900	605/50	－	[31]
SiO₂-coated graphite flake	Graphitc flake	19	1000	－	480/2.5	[32]
Silica-carbon nanocomposite	Filter paper	31	600	488/100	96/3	[33]
SiO₂/PLC	Lignin	21	600	820/100	235/5	This work

Fig.7 Cyclic voltammograms of SiO2/PLC(A), LC(B), PLC(C) and SiO2(D)

Fig.8 Galvanostatic discharge/charge profiles of SiO2/PLC(A), LC(B), PLC(C) and SiO2(D)

Fig.9 Nyquist plots of EIS spectra of SiO2, LC, PLC and SiO2/PLCInset is the equivalet circuit model used to fit the impedance spectra.

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