Preparation and Characterization of Nanocellulose/Polylactide Fully Green Nanocomposites

doi:10.7503/cjcu20170513

Abstract

Abstract:

A novel approach for mass production of filamentous nanocellulose(NC) with a transverse size of 20—40 nm and a length of 400—2000 nm was developed. The NC was modified with acetic anhydride, and obtained hydrophobic acetylated nanocellulose(ANC). NC and ANC were respectively blended with polylactide(PLA) to prepare nanocomposites by a solution-casting process. The effect of filler content, chemical modification and blending methods on the mechanical and crystallization properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The results showed that ANC displayed better dispersibility than NC in PLA matrix. However, the improvement for mechanical properties of nanocomposites was not obvious. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) isothermal crystallization test showed that ANC increased crystallization rate and crystallinity degree of PLA simultaneously. The NC/PLA nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding not only maintained high modulus, high yield strength, but also exhibited better thermal stability and remarkably improved toughness. For instance, when the addition of NC was 3.5%(mass fraction), the elongation at break of the nanocomposites increased by 12.1 folds in comparison with that of neat PLA matrix.

Key words: Nanocellulose, Polylactide, Melt compounding, Nanocomposites

CLC Number:

O636.9

TrendMD:

LIU Xing, WANG Wenjun, SHAO Ziqiang, LI Lei. Preparation and Characterization of Nanocellulose/Polylactide Fully Green Nanocomposites[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2018, 39(2): 373.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 FTIR spectra of M30(a), NC(b) and ANC(c)

Fig.2 Dispersibility of NC and ANCa. NC in water; b. NC in acetone; c. ANC in acetone.

Fig.3 TEM images of NC(A) and ANC(B)

Fig.4 XRD patterns of M30(a), NC(b) and ANC(c)

Fig.5 Photographs of NC/PLA(A) and ANC/PLA(B) films(A) a.PLA-a; b. PLA-NC1.0; c. PLA-NC3.5.(B) a. PLA-b; b. PLA-ANC1.0; c. PLA-ANC3.5.

Fig.6 Typical stress-strain curves of NC/PLA(A) and ANC/PLA(B)(A) a. PLA-a; b. PLA-NC1.0; c. PLA-NC3.5. (B) a. PLA-b; b. PLA-ANC1.0; c. PLA-ANC3.5.

Table 1 Mechanical properties of the neat PLA and nanocomposite films

Sample	σ_y/MPa	ε_b(%)	Sample	σ_y/MPa)	ε_b(%)
PLA-a	50.1±0.9	2.7±0.2	PLA-b	36.5 ±0.3	75.0±0.9
PLA-NC1.0	46.2±0.7	3.2±0.5	PLA-ANC1.0	38.0±0.5	40.4±0.4
PLA-NC3.5	39.6±1.3	6.1±0.5	PLA-ANC3.5	43.1±0.8	37.1±0.3

Fig.7 DSC curves of neat PLA and NC/PLA nanocomposite films(A) The first heating process; (B) the second heating process. a. PLA-a; b. PLA-NC1.0; c. PLA-NC3.5.

Table 2 Thermal properties of the neat PLA and NC/PLA nanocomposites

Sample	T_g/℃	T_m/℃	X_c(%)
PLA-a	50.2	152.3	33.4
PLA-NC1.0	43.4	153.4	32.3
PLA-NC3.5	42.0	153.3	29.3

Fig.8 DSC isothermal curves of neat PLA and ANC/PLA nanocomposite films(A) The first heating process; (B) the second heating process(after 1 h in 110 ℃); (C) heat preservation process in 110 ℃.a. PLA-b; b. PLA-ANC1.0; c. PLA-ANC3.5.

Table 3 Thermal properties of ANC/PLA nanocomposites

Sample	T_g/℃	T_m/℃	T_c/℃	X_c(%)
Sample	T_g/℃	T_m/℃	T_c/℃	Before insulation treatment	After nsulation treatment
PLA-b	41.8	149.5	114.3	13.0	37.8
PLA-ANC1.0	45.1	151.5	118.3	16.3	38.3
PLA-ANC3.5	45.1	152.0	113.8	21.2	39.4

Fig.9 Dynamic mechanical properties of NC/PLA nanocomposites(A) Storage modulus vs. temperature; (B) tanδ vs. temperature. a. PLA-a; b. PLA-NC1.0; c. PLA-NC3.5.

Fig.10 Typical stress-strain curves of NC/PLA-z nanocomposites a. PLA-z; b. PLA-NC1.0-z; c. PLA-NC3.5-z.

Table 4 Mechanical properties of NC/PLA-z nanocomposites

Sample	σ_y/MPa	ε_b(%)
PLA-z	64.2±1.2	7.3±0.2
PLA-NC1.0-z	52.0±0.7	70.8±0.4
PLA-NC3.5-z	57.0±0.2	95.4±1.0

Fig.11 SEM images of cross-section NC/PLA-z nanocomposites (A) PLA-z; (B) PLA-NC1.0-z; (C) PLA-NC3.5-z.

Fig.12 DSC curves of NC/PLA-z nanocompositesa. PLA-z; b. PLA-NC1.0-z; c. PLA-NC3.5-z.

Table 5 Thermal properties of NC/PLA-z nanocomposites

Sample	T_g/℃	T_c/℃	T_m/℃	X_c(%)
PLA-z	61.5	128.7	155.6	42.3
PLA-NC1.0-z	56.3	114.2	156.6	38.3
PLA-NC3.5-z	53.2	109.8	156.8	38.2

Fig.13 TG curves of neat PLA and PLA nanocompositesa. PLA-z; b. PLA-ANC1.0-z; c. PLA-ANC3.5-z;d. PLA-NC3.5-z; e. PLA-NC1.0-z.

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