高等学校化学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 20220686.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20220686
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2022-10-29
出版日期:
2022-12-10
发布日期:
2022-11-26
通讯作者:
谢贺新
E-mail:xiehexin@ecust.edu.cn
基金资助:
DING Yiru, ZHANG Chaoying, XIE Hexin()
Received:
2022-10-29
Online:
2022-12-10
Published:
2022-11-26
Contact:
XIE Hexin
E-mail:xiehexin@ecust.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
急性肾损伤是一种临床常见的急性疾病. 通过外源性的荧光示踪剂对肾小球滤过率进行非侵入性的实时监测, 对于及时了解易患病人的肾脏功能具有重要的临床价值和应用前景. 本文综合评述了用于活体检测肾小球滤过率的外源性荧光示踪剂的近期研究进展, 重点介绍了荧光示踪剂的设计策略及其活体成像应用效果, 并对相应检测装置的发展进行了阐述, 同时对该领域的挑战与发展前景进行了展望.
中图分类号:
TrendMD:
丁奕如, 张超颖, 谢贺新. 肾小球滤过率活体实时监测荧光示踪剂的研究进展. 高等学校化学学报, 2022, 43(12): 20220686.
DING Yiru, ZHANG Chaoying, XIE Hexin. Recent Advances on Fluorescent Tracers for in vivo Real-time Monitoring Glomerular Filtration Rate. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2022, 43(12): 20220686.
Fig.2 Structures of pyrazine⁃based GFR tracer agents(A) and in vivo time⁃dependent fluorescence detection of 2b(B) [ 33](B) The rat on the left was treated with compound 2b, and the one on the right was treated with PBS(with pixel intensity range bar graph).Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society.
Fig.3 Data acquisition system designed for 2d(PP⁃2338)(A) and representative elimination curves of 2d measured optically in anesthetized 5/6 nephrectomized and sham rats 7 d post injury(B) [ 35](A) The distribution and elimination of 2d was monitored at the ear with the fiber optic system.Copyright 2013, SPIE.
Fig.4 An example of clinical measurements of MB⁃102 for a single subject(A), measurements simulated by the model(B) [ 39] and a schematic of instrument developed to perform the transcutaneous fluorescence measurements(C) [ 40](C) ADC: Analog ⁃to ⁃digital converter; LIA: lock ⁃in amplifier; PMT: photo ⁃multiplier tube.(A, B) Copyright 2017, SPIE; (C) Copyright 2017, SPIE.
Fig.6 Two⁃photon images from a living rat infused a mixture of Texas red⁃dextran(red) and FITC⁃inulin(green)(A) [ 49] and design of the ratiometric optical fiber system(B)(B) LED: Light-emitting diodes; PMT: photomultiplier tube; SPI: serial peripheral interface.(A) Copyright 2010, the American Physiological Society.
Fig.7 Fluorescence images of a depilated rat ear taken before and after injection of FITC⁃sinistrin using a CRI Maestro small animal imager(A) [ 26], a schematic drawing of a transcutaneous device and optical part of the device(RFID: radio⁃frequency identification)(B) and a schematic drawing of a modified miniaturized device(C)(A) Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Fig.8 Components of optical measurement systems for lifetime⁃decomposition measurement(LTDM)(A) and MR⁃compatible optical sensor devices for FITC⁃sinistrin clearance measurement(B) [ 67](B) The devices are shielded by copper foil, except for LEDs, the photodiode and the battery plug.(B) Copyright 2013, Public Library of Science.
Fig.9 Miniaturized transcutaneous devices and a battery for transcutaneous measurement(A), a conscious Sprague⁃Dawley(SD) rat under transcutaneous measurement with an attached device(B), elimination curves of FITC⁃HP βCD by transcutaneous measurements in SD rats in the absence(C) and presence(D) of probenecid treatment [ 74], elimination curves of ABZWCY⁃ HP βCD by transcutaneous measurements in wild⁃type rats(E) and AT1R transgenic rats(F) [ 79](A—D) Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society; (E,F) Copyright 2017, the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Classification | Agent | (λex/ λem)/nm | Plasma protein binding(%) | Plasma clearance half⁃life/min | Research progress | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Small molecule⁃based GFR tracers | Pyrazine agent 2a (MB⁃102) | 435/557 | 0 | 29±1 | Phase III clinical study | [ |
Pyrazine agent 2b | 484/594 | 6 | 19±1 | Non⁃invasive detection in mice | [ | |
Pyrazine agent 2d (PP⁃2338) | 439/559 | 5 | 20±1 | Transcutaneous detection of mouse ear | [ | |
Glycan⁃based GFR tracers | FITC⁃inulin | 490/520 | 10.8 | NR | Transcutaneous detection in small animal | [ |
FITC⁃sinistrin | 490/520 | 7.4 | 22.1±1.9 | Transcutaneous detection in small animal | [ | |
FITC⁃HP βCD | 490/520 | 2.3 | 24.1±3.2 | Transcutaneous detection in rat | [ | |
ABZWCY⁃HP βCD | 700/790 | 3.7 | 30.1±2.7 | Transcutaneous detection in rat | [ | |
AAZWCY⁃HP βCD | 700/790 | 6.5 | 30.6±3.1 | Transcutaneous detection in rat | [ |
Table 1 Summary of GFR fluorescent tracers and their key parameters
Classification | Agent | (λex/ λem)/nm | Plasma protein binding(%) | Plasma clearance half⁃life/min | Research progress | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Small molecule⁃based GFR tracers | Pyrazine agent 2a (MB⁃102) | 435/557 | 0 | 29±1 | Phase III clinical study | [ |
Pyrazine agent 2b | 484/594 | 6 | 19±1 | Non⁃invasive detection in mice | [ | |
Pyrazine agent 2d (PP⁃2338) | 439/559 | 5 | 20±1 | Transcutaneous detection of mouse ear | [ | |
Glycan⁃based GFR tracers | FITC⁃inulin | 490/520 | 10.8 | NR | Transcutaneous detection in small animal | [ |
FITC⁃sinistrin | 490/520 | 7.4 | 22.1±1.9 | Transcutaneous detection in small animal | [ | |
FITC⁃HP βCD | 490/520 | 2.3 | 24.1±3.2 | Transcutaneous detection in rat | [ | |
ABZWCY⁃HP βCD | 700/790 | 3.7 | 30.1±2.7 | Transcutaneous detection in rat | [ | |
AAZWCY⁃HP βCD | 700/790 | 6.5 | 30.6±3.1 | Transcutaneous detection in rat | [ |
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